Construct a finite-state machine, using combinational logic for an apple vending machine that only accepts nickels (5 cents). When 15 cents is deposited the user can push a button to receive an apple and the machine resets. If the user inserts more than 15 cents no money will be returned.

1. What are the machine states?
2. What are the inputs?
3. What are the outputs?
4. Draw state table
5. Draw state diagram
6. Write the combinational logic for next state and output
7. Explain if you built a Mealy or Moore machine

I am writing a scheme function that pairs an element to every element in a list, and I have the following code so far:

(define (pair-element e l)   
(cond ((null? l) (list e))
(else (cons e (car l)) (pair-element (cdr l)))))
(pair-element 4 `(4 3 5))

What is my error? I'm getting a pair element mismatch when I run it. I need to do this without using built-in functions. Thanks!

1. Construct a finite-state machine, using combinational logic, which reads in one bit at a time. When a nibble (4 bits) are all zeros the output is set to one else the output is zero. The machine continues to read in bits and the output remains a one if zeros are read in. If it reads a one the output is a zero.
   1. What are the machine states?
   2. What are the inputs?
   3. What are the outputs?
   4. Draw state table.
   5. Draw the state diagram.
   6. Define the circuit for the next state and the output with the Boolean equations.
   7. Explain if you built a Mealy or Moore machine.

What did Smith mean by the Division of Labor and why did he see it as crucial to explaining the Wealth of Nations? What is the cause of the Division of Labor, for Smith? How does the division of labor increase productivity, in his view? What is the effect on workers? Explain how Smith's work on the division of labor challenges the standard neo-classical account of the economy built on the assumption of constant returns, and how it supports a different argument for free trade than we get from Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage

Northwood Company manufactures basketballs. The company has a ball that sells for $25. At present, the ball is manufactured in a small plant that relies heavily on direct labor workers. Thus, variable expenses are high, totaling $15.00 per ball, of which 60% is direct labor cost.

Last year, the company sold 62,000 of these balls, with the following results:

1. Compute (a) last year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls, and (b) the degree of operating leverage at last year’s sales level. (Round "Unit sales to break even" to the nearest whole unit and other answers to 2 decimal places.)

2. Due to an increase in labor rates, the company estimates that next year's variable expenses will increase by $3.00 per ball. If this change takes place and the selling price per ball remains constant at $25.00, what will be next year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls? (Round "CM Ratio" to 2 decimal places and "Unit sales to break even" to the nearest whole unit.)

3. Refer to the data in Required (2). If the expected change in variable expenses takes place, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $194,000, as last year? (Round your answer to the nearest whole unit.)

4. Refer again to the data in Required (2). The president feels that the company must raise the selling price of its basketballs. If Northwood Company wants to maintain the same CM ratio as last year (as computed in requirement 1a), what selling price per ball must it charge next year to cover the increased labor costs? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)

Selling price =

5. Refer to the original data. The company is discussing the construction of a new, automated manufacturing plant. The new plant would slash variable expenses per ball by 40.00%, but it would cause fixed expenses per year to double. If the new plant is built, what would be the company’s new CM ratio and new break-even point in balls? (Round "CM Ratio" to 2 decimal places and "Unit sales to break even" to the nearest whole unit.)

6A. If the new plant is built, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $194,000, as last year? (Round your answer to the nearest whole unit.)

Number of balls =

6B. Assume the new plant is built and that next year the company manufactures and sells 62,000 balls (the same number as sold last year). Prepare a contribution format income statement and Compute the degree of operating leverage. (Round "Degree of operating leverage" to 2 decimal places.)

Northwood Company manufactures basketballs. The company has a ball that sells for $25. At present, the ball is manufactured in a small plant that relies heavily on direct labor workers. Thus, variable expenses are high, totaling $15.00 per ball, of which 60% is direct labor cost.

Last year, the company sold 60,000 of these balls, with the following results:

Required:

1. Compute (a) last year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls, and (b) the degree of operating leverage at last year’s sales level.

2. Due to an increase in labor rates, the company estimates that next year's variable expenses will increase by $3.00 per ball. If this change takes place and the selling price per ball remains constant at $25.00, what will be next year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls?

3. Refer to the data in (2) above. If the expected change in variable expenses takes place, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $225,000, as last year?

4. Refer again to the data in (2) above. The president feels that the company must raise the selling price of its basketballs. If Northwood Company wants to maintain the same CM ratio as last year (as computed in requirement 1a), what selling price per ball must it charge next year to cover the increased labor costs?

Refer again to the data in (2) above. The president feels that the company must raise the selling price of its basketballs. If Northwood Company wants to maintain the same CM ratio as last year (as computed in requirement 1a), what selling price per ball must it charge next year to cover the increased labor costs? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)

5. Refer to the original data. The company is discussing the construction of a new, automated manufacturing plant. The new plant would slash variable expenses per ball by 40.00%, but it would cause fixed expenses per year to double. If the new plant is built, what would be the company’s new CM ratio and new break-even point in balls?

6. Refer to the data in (5) above.

a. If the new plant is built, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $225,000, as last year?

b. Assume the new plant is built and that next year the company manufactures and sells 60,000 balls (the same number as sold last year). Prepare a contribution format income statement and compute the degree of operating leverage.

Northwood Company manufactures basketballs. The company has a ball that sells for $35. At present, the ball is manufactured in a small plant that relies heavily on direct labor workers. Thus, variable expenses are high, totaling $21.00 per ball, of which 60% is direct labor cost. Last year, the company sold 41,000 of these balls, with the following results: Sales (41,000 balls) $ 1,435,000 Variable expenses 861,000 Contribution margin 574,000 Fixed expenses 420,000 Net operating income $ 154,000 .

Required: 1-a. Compute last year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls. (Do not round intermediate calculations.) 1-b. Compute the the degree of operating leverage at last year’s sales level. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)

2. Due to an increase in labor rates, the company estimates that next year's variable expenses will increase by $2.80 per ball. If this change takes place and the selling price per ball remains constant at $35.00, what will be next year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls? (Do not round intermediate calculations.)

3. Refer to the data in (2) above. If the expected change in variable expenses takes place, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $154,000, as last year? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest whole unit.)

4. Refer again to the data in (2) above. The president feels that the company must raise the selling price of its basketballs. If Northwood Company wants to maintain the same CM ratio as last year (as computed in requirement 1a), what selling price per ball must it charge next year to cover the increased labor costs? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)

5. Refer to the original data. The company is discussing the construction of a new, automated manufacturing plant. The new plant would slash variable expenses per ball by 30%, but it would cause fixed expenses per year to increase by 76%. If the new plant is built, what would be the company’s new CM ratio and new break-even point in balls? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round "Unit sales to break even" to the nearest whole unit.)

6. Refer to the data in (5) above. a. If the new plant is built, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $154,000, as last year? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest whole unit.) b-1. Assume the new plant is built and that next year the company manufactures and sells 41,000 balls (the same number as sold last year). Prepare a contribution format income statement (Do not round your intermediate calculations.) b-2. Compute the degree of operating leverage. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)