Plan B is the common name in the United States and Canada for the emergency contraception drug levonorgestrel. The high dose of progestogen it delivers has been shown in the lab to inhibit ovulation, thus rendering fertilization impossible. Some groups, however, are concerned that if the drug interfered with the fertilized egg, it could be considered abortive rather than strictly contraceptive. Researchers enrolled a cohort of fertile women attending a family planning clinic for emergency contraception after unprotected intercourse during their fertile period. From interviews, blood samples, and ultrasounds, the researchers were able to establish the time of intercourse relative to the women's menstrual cycles. In this cohort, 8787 women had unprotected intercourse before ovulation (pre‑ovulation group) and 3535 women had unprotected intercourse on or after ovulation (post‑ovulation group). Based on standard clinical assessments of fertility rates by day of the menstrual cycle, the researchers expected 13.313.3 pregnancies in the pre‑ovulation group and 7.07.0 pregnancies in the post‑ovulation group. Instead, they observed 00 and 66 pregnancies, respectively.

(a) We want to know if there is evidence that Plan B impacts the chance of pregnancy when taken before ovulation. What are the observed and expected counts of pregnancy and no pregnancy in the pre‑ovulation group? (Enter your answers rounded to one decimal place.)

Pregnancyobserved=Pregnancyobserved=

Pregnancyexpected=Pregnancyexpected=

No pregnancyobserved=No pregnancyobserved=

No pregnancyexpected=No pregnancyexpected=

Use these counts to compute the chi‑square statistic. (Enter your answer rounded to two decimal places.)

?2=χ2=

Select the correct response to whether or not the test assumptions met.

The expected counts are not large enough, so the test assumptions are not met.

A cohort can be considered a random sample and the expected counts are large enough, so the test assumptions are met.

A cohort cannot be considered a random sample, so the test assumptions are not met.

Neither the cohort can be considered a random sample nor the expected counts are large enough, so the test assumptions are not met.

Calculate the degrees of freedom. (Enter your answer as a whole number.)

df=df=

Find the ?P‑value. (Enter your answer rounded to six decimal places.)

?P‑value ==

Select the correct conclusion.

None of the options are correct.

There is very strong evidence that Plan B impacts the chance of pregnancy when taken before ovulation.

The study found weak evidence that Plan B impacts the chance of pregnancy when taken before ovulation.

The study failed to find evidence that Plan B impacts the chance of pregnancy when taken before ovulation.

(b) We want to know if there is evidence that plan B impacts the chance of pregnancy when taken after ovulation. What are the observed and expected counts of pregnancy and no pregnancy in the post‑ovulation group? (Enter your answer rounded to one decimal place.)

Pregnancyobserved=Pregnancyobserved=

Pregnancyexpected=Pregnancyexpected=

No pregnancyobserved=No pregnancyobserved=

No pregnancyexpected=No pregnancyexpected=

Use these counts to compute the chi‑square statistic. (Enter your answer rounded to two decimal places.)

?2=χ2=

Select the correct response to whether or not the test assumptions met.

A cohort can be considered a random sample and the expected counts are large enough, so the test assumptions are met.

Neither the cohort can be considered a random sample nor the expected counts are large enough, so the test assumptions are not met.

The expected counts are not large enough, so the test assumptions are not met.

A cohort cannot be considered a random sample, so the test assumptions are not met.

Calculate the degrees of freedom. (Enter your answer as a whole number.)

df=df=

Find the ?P‑value. (Enter your answer rounded to four decimal places.)

?P‑value ==

Select the correct conclusion.

The study failed to find evidence that Plan B impacts the chance of pregnancy when taken after ovulation.

None of the options are correct.

The study found weak evidence that Plan B impacts the chance of pregnancy when taken after ovulation.

There is strong evidence that Plan B impacts the chance of pregnancy when taken after ovulation.

(c) Select the correct description of the study findings and what they suggest about the mechanism of action of the Plan B drug.

There is no evidence that Plan B prevents pregnancy when taken before ovulation or after ovulation. These findings reject the theory that Plan B works by inhibiting ovulation.

There is very strong evidence that Plan B prevents pregnancy when taken after ovulation but not when taken before ovulation. These findings support the theory that Plan B works by inhibiting ovulation.

There is weak evidence that Plan B prevents pregnancy when taken before ovulation but not when taken after ovulation. These findings support the theory that Plan B works by inhibiting ovulation.

There is very strong evidence that Plan B prevents pregnancy when taken before ovulation but not when taken after ovulation. These findings support the theory that Plan B works by inhibiting ovulation.

A box has a bottom with one edge 7 times as long as the other. If the box has no top and the volume is fixed at ?V, what dimensions minimize the surface area?

dimensions = ________________
Enter the dimensions as a comma-separated list, e.g., 3,sqrt(12),8.  (Your answer may involve V.)

The top and bottom margins of a poster are 2 cm and the side margins are each 6 cm. If the area of printed material on the poster is fixed at 384 square centimeters, find the dimensions of the poster with the smallest area.

Width = ______________(include units)
Height =_____________ (include units)

A recent study examined the merit aid program in Massachusetts (called the "Adams Scholarship"). This program gave students with high SAT scores and grades in high school free tuition at Massachusetts public universities. The study found that actually students who received scholarships and attended public universities became less likely to graduate college. Why do you think this happened? (Hint - the study is discussed in the lectures but it is not on the reading list.)

Miller Model with Corporate and Personal Taxes

Cruz Corporation has $100 billion of debt outstanding. An otherwise identical firm has no debt and has a market value of $450 billion. Under the Miller model, what is Cruz’s value if the federal-plus-state corporate tax rate is 28%, the effective personal tax rate on stock is 17%, and the personal tax rate on debt is 29%? Enter your answer in billions. For example, an answer of $1.23 billion should be entered as 1.23, not 1,230,000,000. Round your answer to two decimal places.

Create a program that implements a singly linked list of Students.

Each node must contain the following variables:

• Student_Name
• Student_ID

In main():

1. Create the following list using addHead(). The list must be in the order shown below.

2. Print the complete list using toString() method.
3. Create another list using AddTail(). The list must be in the order shown below.
4. Print the complete list using toString() method.
5. Delete head note from both list.
6. Print the both list using toString() method.

7. Add following methods in the previous lab program
   • DeleteTail()
   • DeleteAll()
   • Duplicate()
   • AddAfter()
   • Length()
   • Find()
   • Reverse()

8. Demonstrate all the above methods by calling in them in main.

19 Mark X if TRUE                                                                                                                 _______Environmental Forces include both Internal and External forces impacting business. _______External forces are uncontrollable factors that affects international business only. .                                                                                                         _______Internal forces are controllable factors which management can control.                        

20

List the 5 External Environmental Forces that impact business (domestic or international).       i)________      ii)________      iii)_______ ,      iv)_______          v)______

21

List 3 of the 5 factors that make international business different from domestic business. (i)__________               (ii)_______                  (iii)________     

Three students accidentally leave copies of the textbook in their classroom after class. At the beginning of the next lecture, the professor distributes the three books in a completely random fashion to each of the three students (1, 2, and 3) who left their books. One possible outcome is that 1 receives 2’s book, 2 receives 1’s book, 3 receives his or her own book. This outcome can be abbreviated as (2, 1, 3).

a. List all other possible outcomes.

b. Let Y denote the number of students who receive their own book. Determine the PMF of Y.

Black body (b) and purple eye (pr) are recessive autosomal mutations in Drosophila. Bridges crossed b/b females and pr/pr males. F2 cross produced 684 wild-type, 371 black-bodied, and 300 purple-eyes flies. Do these result indicate that the b and pr genes are closely linked? Explain. Remember that there is no crossing over in male Drosophila

Which of the following statements is true of American teenagers who are part of Generation Z?

a. They are typically non-Hispanic and white.

b. They represent the largest cohort group.

c. They enjoy risky behaviors and have higher rates of underage drinking.

d. The majority will often buy a brand that has a positive social or environmental impact than one that doesn’t.