Essay 750 words about

"Little Albert and Classical Conditioning"

The original article by Watson and Rayner was published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology in 1920. There is a reprint of the original article which can be found in the South University Online Library. Here is the reference for the article reprint: Watson, J. B., & Rayner, R. (2000).

There have been several classic experiments to study and describe classical conditioning; one of the more famous is the Little Albert experiment. Over the years, the experiment has lost some of its validity due to numerous interpretations by several introductory psychology textbooks. It is, therefore, beneficial to go back to the original (or primary) source and read what the authors of the experiment themselves had to say.

Read the article and answer the following questions:

In the study, what are unconditioned stimulus (US), conditioned stimulus (CS), and conditioned response (CR)?

Explain the concept of generalization in regards to Watson and Rayner's ability to condition Albert to react to different stimuli such as masks, other animals, and a fur coat?

Using examples from the study, explain the concept of extinction

Cecil C. Seymour is a 64-year-old widower. He had income for 2020 as follows:Pension from former employer$39,850Interest income from Alto National Bank5,500Interest income on City of Alto bonds4,500Dividends received from IBM stock held for over one year2,000Collections on annuity contract he purchased from Great Life Insurance5,400Social Security benefits14,000Rent income on townhouse9,000The cost of the annuity was $46,800, and Cecil was expected to receive a total of 260 monthly payments of $450. Cecil has received 22 payments through 2020.Cecil’s 40-year-old daughter, Sarah C. Seymour, borrowed $60,000 from Cecil on January 2, 2020. She used the money to start a new business. Cecil does not charge her interest because she could not afford to pay it, but he does expect to collect the principal eventually. Sarah is living with Cecil until the business becomes profit-able. Except for housing, Sarah provides her own support from her business and $1,600 in dividends on stocks that she inherited from her mother.Other relevant information is presented below.•             Expenses on rental townhouse:Utilities$2,800Maintenance1,000Depreciation2,000Real estate taxes750Insurance700• State income taxes paid: $3,500•              County personal property taxes paid: $3,100•         Payments on estimated 2020 Federal income tax: $5,900•               Charitable contributions of cash to Alto Baptist Church: $7,400• Federal interest rate: 6%•            Sales taxes paid: $912Compute Cecil’s 2020 Federal income tax payable (or refund due)."

requirement

1) What is the 2020 Adjusted Gross Income for Cecil Seymour?

2) What is the 2020 taxable income for Cecil Seymour?
3) What is the 2020 balance due or (refund) for Cecil Seymour?

On January 5, 2019, PP Company acquired 20% of the outstanding ordinary shares of an investee for P11,200,000. The carrying amount of the acquired net assets was P9,600,000. The excess of cost over carrying amount was attributed to patent (an intangible asset) which was undervalued on investee’s statement of financial position and which had a remaining useful life of ten years. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the investee reported net income of P2,880,000 and paid cash dividend of P960,000 on its ordinary shares.

a) How much was the investee’s total net assets? __________________________

b) Determine the investment income for 2019. __________________________

c) Determine the carrying amount of the investment in associate as of December 31, 2019. __________________________

d) Assuming that the company did not have significant influence over the investee, how much will be the carrying amount of the investment on December 31, 2019?

On January 2, 2017, SPU Corporation acquired 30% of the outstanding voting common stock of Brough Company for $335,000. This investment enabled SPU to exercise significant influence over Brough.

    The book value of the acquired shares was $315,000 (the book value of Brough Co was $1,050,000). The excess of cost over book value was attributed to a building that was undervalued on Brough’s balance sheet and that had a remaining useful life of 10 years.  

    For the year ended December 31, 2017, Brough reported income of $70,000 and paid cash dividends of $15,000 on its common stock.

A) Make all journal entries necessary on SPU’s books to record its investment in Brough Company for the first year.

B) What is the ending balance of SPU’s investment in Brough at December 31, 2017?

Database Systems - Security and Administration

Jak University is a leading higher education institution that is well known throughout Malaysia for its academic achievements. It is proven that this university exists in all major cities in Malaysia. Jak University is also in Kuala Lumpur and as a management center, has 100 thousand students and 10 thousand lecturers spread across several branch campuses. The learning process is done face-to-face and online. Each campus in each city can join virtual classes, so that the data from each campus can be connected to one another. Academic data from each campus branch is stored in files and then sent to the Center in Kuala Lumpur and each campus can also share data (share files). However, after this university has been operating for several years, the number of lecture transactions has increased, so that the volume of data stored in files is getting bigger. So in day-to-day operations often experience problems access to data, both when sending data and when accessing data from other campuses.

Question:

1. The University of Jak uses a file-based approach in managing its academic data. But over time began to experience problems with data accessibility.
You were appointed as a Database Consultant to change the data management process at the University of Jak using a database approach. You need to explain to the Management in Kuala Lumpur so that the leaders can understand and be sure about the proposed application of the database approach, where this approach can support operational performance in data management. Explain what is meant by a file-base approach and a database approach. Also describe the advantages and disadvantages of each.

2. If the management approves the proposal, then you need to design a good database architecture. You can choose a Three-Tier Client-Server architecture.

3. The hardware running the DBMS must continue to operate even if one of the hardware components is damaged due to various factors. One solution is to implement RAID technology. Describe what RAID technology is. Also explain by providing examples of how each RAID level is implemented.

home / study / business / finance / finance questions and answers / Please Give Us One Example From Your Research, Work, Or Personal Life Discussing The Basic ... Question: Please give us one example from your research, work, or personal life discussing The basic types... Please give us one example from your research, work, or personal life discussing Different methods of capital budgeting rationalization such as NPV, IRR, and Payback

Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow. [20 marks] Steinhoff Accounting Scandal The Steinhoff accounting scandal has raised concern on a number of levels, from the quality of corporate governance to checks and balances in the investment management business and even race relations in SA, writes Legalbrief. Two separate articles on The Conversation site explore the gaps exposed by Steinhoff’s fall from grace and also the lessons to be learnt from the debacle that threatens to wipe out billions of rand belonging to SA investors. Interviewed in the first piece, Jannie Rossouw, head of the School of Economic & Business Sciences at Wits University, notes: ‘The Steinhoff scandal is disturbing because it points to a serious gap in the checks and balances in the investment management space. A scandal of this magnitude should not have occurred if the systems with their multiple layers were working. This includes auditors, asset managers and non-executive directors who in their different roles should ensure that the company’s accounts are as close to the truth as possible.’ Rossouw asks why most fund and asset managers in SA and across the globe, which draw enormous fees, failed to pick up the alleged irregularities. He notes that every time a major scandal surfaces, regulatory gaps are identified and new measures are put in place to plug the apparent holes. But the scandals keep coming. He notes, however, that it’s impossible to regulate for integrity and ethical behaviour. ‘The one effective way that behaviour can be changed is through legal process and by means of tough punishment.’ The scandal would do SA a huge service if it made the point that corruption and mismanagement have nothing to do with race, Steven Friedman, professor of political studies at the University of Johannesburg, notes in a second article on The Conversation site. Friedman says it would also help if it alerted everyone in the marketplace to watch as carefully over private companies as they do over government MODULE BUSINESS AND SOCIETY TOTAL MARKS 20 MARKS departments. He writes: ‘But, given how entrenched racial attitudes are, it is more likely that it will be dismissed as a once-off freak by those who assume that white-led business is always competent and as further evidence of white prejudice by black people reacting to the label often stuck to them. If that happens, some private businesses will continue to get away with behaviour which would never be tolerated in government.’ Steinhoff’s woes continue to pile up. A Fin24 report says Steinhoff International Holdings, the group’s Amsterdam-registered parent company, announced last week in an investor update that more of its already-published financial results would need to be restated and could not be relied on. Steinhoff last month said that its 2017 audited results had been put on hold while PwC conducts an independent investigation into ‘accounting irregularities’. It has also previously warned investors to not rely on the figures contained in its 2016 results. Last week, it added the 2015 financial results of Steinhoff International Holdings Propriety Limited, the conglomerate’s former listed umbrella holding company, could not be relied on. The former Steinhoff CEO Markus Jooste left his mentor and business partner Christo Wiese on the hook for more than R200m is mentioned to a great detail in a Moneyweb report. It says the papers filed before the Western Cape High Court last month by Absa bank to have Jooste’s Mayfair Speculators liquidated reveal how he removed nearly all the assets from the company before leaving Wiese on the hook for more than R200m. The report notes that in December 2016, Mayfair, represented by Jooste’s son-in-law Stefan Potgieter, and Absa concluded a financing arrangement, which saw the bank providing Mayfair with an overdraft facility amounting to R335.6m and bank guarantees of a further R14.4m (in total R350m). Matter unravelled quickly following the upheaval on 6 December last year, when Jooste resigned as CEO. The Steinhoff share price collapsed, leaving Mayfair in breach of its loan agreement. Moneyweb says the court papers reveal that Upington Investment Holdings, Wiese’s investment vehicle for his share in Steinhoff, stood behind any and all Mayfair’s obligations up to R350m.

Source: (legalbrief.co.za/diary/legalbrief-forensic/story/steinhoff-scandal-raises-thorny.../pdf/date of accession July 30th 2019)

Question1
Does the Steinhoff case represent a failure in terms of Corporate Governance? Explain.

Question 2
Define Corporate Governance. Elaborate on the measures to prevent fraud in line with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

Question 3

Mention the recommendations for improving the system of setting compensation levels in
companies.

Monty Company sponsors a defined benefit pension plan. The corporation’s actuary provides the following information about the plan.

(a) Compute the actual return on the plan assets in 2020.

(b) Compute the amount of the other comprehensive income (G/L) as of December 31, 2020. (Assume the January 1, 2020, balance was zero.) (Enter loss using either a negative sign preceding the number e.g. -45 or parentheses e.g. (45).)

(c) Compute the amount of net gain or loss amortization for 2020 (corridor approach).

(d) Compute pension expense for 2020.

You are convinced that biology graduates from University X are smarter than chemistry graduates. What steps would you take to investigate this using the scientific method?

Discuss some of the challenges facing new graduates in seeking employment upon graduating from University and outline some of the things that you can do to overcome these challenges