The 90 students in a statistics class are categorized by gender and by the year in school. The numbers are listed in the following table:

Test the null hypothesis that there is no association between the year in school and the gender using a 1% significance level. Be sure to specify the test statistic with degrees of freedom, the P-value or critical value, and your conclusion. Please no computer software answers! Thank you!

The U.S. government treats the goods produced by a firm in a year that are not sold in that year as increases in inventories and includes them in that year's GDP at market prices. In other words, the government assumes that the firm itself buys those goods for future resale. With this convention in mind, place a "yes" in a box if you think the statement is 100% true, place a "no" otherwise (without quotation marks and with no spaces). Ignore illegal goods and illegal activities altogether.

Any good produced domestically in a year will be included in that year's GDP.

Any good produced domestically in a year will be included in that year's GDP, except those produced by households for their own consumption

. Any good produced domestically and sold in a year will be included in that year's GDP

. Any good produced domestically and sold in a year will be included in that year's GDP, except those produced by firms that are not sold.

Any good sold in a year will be included in that year's GDP.

Any service sold in a year will be included in that year's GDP.

Any good that is not sold in a year will be excluded from that year's GDP.

If the U.S. government legalizes marijuana, the U.S. GDP will increase.

The year is 1870, the location is the town of Silverton in Colorado. There are two saloons in town: Red's Beard and Sadie's White Garter. After years of cut-throat competition the two owners, Red and Sadie, decide to cooperate in order to make more money. They have been making $400 per month each by competing fair and square. They decide if they each raise prices and limit the number of beers served, they will earn $1,000 per month each. However if one limits the number of beers and raises prices and the other does not, then they will earn only $200 per month while their competitor will earn $1,500 per month. Not knowing what to do, they turn to you, the prospecting game theorist, to help them figure out what to do.

Fill in the following table with the payoffs they can expect. Enter as follows: (Red's payoff, Sadie's payoff). Enter whole numbers - no commas.

Based on the payoffs, what is the likely outcome of the game? Explain

both of them raises prices

both of them do not raise prices

sadie does but red does not

red does but sadie does not raise prices

Equipment was acquired at the beginning of the year at a cost of $35,000. The equipment was depreciated using the A method of depreciation that provides periodic depreciation expense based on the declining book value of a fixed asset over its estimated life.double-declining-balance method based on an estimated useful life of ten years and an estimated The estimated value of a fixed asset at the end of its useful life.residual value of $680.

a. What was the The systematic periodic transfer of the cost of a fixed asset to an expense account during its expected useful life.depreciation for the first year?
$

b. Assuming the equipment was sold at the end of year 2 for $8,090, determine the gain or loss on the sale of the equipment.
$ Loss

• Gain
• Loss

Feedback

Book value is the asset cost minus accumulated depreciation. In the first year, the balance in the accumulated depreciation account is zero.

Compare the book value to the sale price. If the book value is more than the sale price, the equipment was sold for a loss. If the book value is less than the sale price, the equipment was sold for a gain.

Learning Objective 3.

c. Journalize the entry to record the sale. If an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank.

in C++: In date calculations an important consideration is whether or not the year is a leap year. That extra day that we tack onto February is determined by a set of criteria that can be modeled using the mod function. These are • All years evenly divisible by 400 are leap years • Years evenly divisible by 100 but not by 400 are not leap years • Years divisible by 4 but not by 100 are leap years • All other years are not leap years. Write a program that prompts the user to enter an integer for year. The program will then determine if the year is a leap year or not. It will then print the year and whether or not it is a leap year. Possible outputs might be The year 2019 is not a leap year The year 1848 is a leap year. You will need an integer variable for year, another for remainder, and a boolean variable for isLeapYear For each of the four tests the calculation is a remainder calculation. For example for the remainder when dividing by four remainder = year%4;

Here is what I have so far, any help would be greatly appreciated!

//   Pound includes
#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

//   Function Prototypes
void printHeader(string, string);
int getData(string, int, int);
bool isLeapYear(int);
void printResults(int, bool);

int main(void) {

   // call printHeader to print the splash screen
   printHeader("Date", "Description");
  
   //   Declare a variable for year. Call it year. This must be an int
   int year;
  
   //   Declare a bool variable for if the year is a leap year. Call it leap
   bool leap;
  
   //   Call getData and have it return year - this is done for you
   year = getData("Enter the year: ", 1582, 100000);
  
  
   //   Call the function that determines if the year is a leap year
   leap = isLeapYear(year);
  
  
   //   Print the results using the printResults function.
   printResults(year, leap);
  

   return 0;
}
bool isLeapYear(int);
//   ISLEAPYEAR   isLeapYear(int y) determines if the integer year that was passed to
//   to the function is a leap year

   //   Create a boolean variable to store if the year is a leap year
   bool isLeap = 0;
  
   //   Use a multiway if - else if to determine if the year is a leap year.
   //   Start with the outermost criteria - divisible by 400. Each time you will
   //   calculate the remainder. For example r = y % 400. Then if(r == 0) it is
   //   leap year. Then do it for divisible by 100, then 4
if (year%400==0) {
isLeap = 1;
}
else if(year%100==0) {
isLeap = 0;
}
else if(year%4==0) {
isLeap = 1;
}
else {
isLeap = 0;
}
  
   return isLeap;
  
}

void printResults(int year, bool isLeap) {
//   PRINTRESULTS printResults(int year, bool isLeap) is wrapper function
//   that contains the cout statements used to print the results. All printing
//   should be formatted.
  
   //   Use an if - else structure for the printing. If isLeap is true, or 1, then it
   //   prints the year is a leap year. If it is not (else) then it prints that it
   //   is not a leap year.

   return;
}

//   Function Definitions
void printHeader(string dueDate, string description) {
//   PRINTHEADER void printHeader(string, string) prints the splash screen
//   using the two strings that are passed to the function from the driver.
  
   //   Print the splash screen
   cout << endl;
   cout << "Name" << endl;
   cout << "Class" << endl;
   cout << dueDate << endl;
   cout << description << endl;
   cout << endl;

   return;
}
int getData(string prompt, int minVal, int maxVal) {
//   GETDATA getData(string prompt) is wrapper function that contains the
//   cout and cin statements used to enter data into the program. The string
//   object prompt should be used in cout to print the prompt to the user.

   int n;
  
   //   Prompt the user with the string in the object prompt
   cout << "Enter the year: ";
   //   Use cin to have the user enter a value
   cin >> n;
   //   Add a simple if to check that the value. If it is less than minVal or
   //   greater than maxVal then the true block runs. The true block prints
   //   a message saying that the value is outside of the range and then calls
   //   the exit(13) function to quit the program
if ((n < minVal) || (n > maxVal)) {
cout << "Value, " << n << ", is outside of the range " << minval << " to " << maxVal << endl;
exit(13);
}

   return n;
}

It is the end of your final year of study as a student in the Master of Finance program and you are trying to determine what you are going to do over the remaining 35 years of your working life. You are trying to decide whether you should remain at university and do your PhD in finance or alternatively leave university and become a consultant.

You anticipate that it will take you 5 years to complete your PhD during which time you will earn a real net cash flow of $25,000 p.a. At the end of these 5 years you must decide whether to remain at the university as an academic or take up a career as a consultant.  There is a 10% chance that you will enjoy great success as an academic earning a salary of  $85,000 p.a., a 50% chance that you will have a moderately successful career earning a salary of $65,000 p.a. and a 40% chance that you will have an unsuccessful academic career earning a salary of only $45,000 p.a. If you decide to become a consultant then it will initially cost you $100,000 to set up your business and there is an 80% chance of generating $60,000 p.a. and a 20% chance of generating $120,000 p.a..

If you decide not do a PhD and instead become a consultant immediately, there is a 60% chance that you will earn $70,000 p.a. and a 40% chance that you will earn $50,000 p.a. over the remainder of your working life.

Assume that all cash flows (other than those specified otherwise) occur at year-end, are expressed in real terms (that is in terms of purchasing power today) and that the real opportunity cost of capital is 10%.

You are to assume that for personal (as opposed to financial) reasons, you have decided to do a PhD. Using the decision tree approach, estimate the value of the option associated with not having to stay in academia after you acquire your PhD.

1. The amount of uncollectible accounts at the end of the year is estimated to be $25,000 using the aging of accounts receivable method. The balance in the Allowance of Doubtful Accounts account is an $8,000 credit before adjustment. Assuming no accounts are written off during the period, what will be the amount of bad debts expense for the period?

2. plasma inc. has net credit sales of $500,000 during the year. Based on historical information, Plasma estimates that 2% of net credit sales result in bad debts. At the beginning of the year, Plasma has a credit balance in its Allowance for Doubtful Accounts of $4,000. What amount of bad debt expense should Plasma recognize for the year, assuming no specific customer accounts were written off?

3. Total doubtful accounts at the end of the year is estimated to be $25,000 using the aging of accounts receivables method. If the balance for the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is a $7,000 debit before adjustment, what will be the amount of bad debt expense for the period?

Please explain thoroughly - I do not understand the relationship between bad debt expense and allowance for doubtful accounts

Is it possible that PE > GDP in a given year in a closed economy if some aggregate expenditure falls on output produced in the previous year? Please explain in detail with different possibilities.