Cloete and John are both well renowned businessmen in the beautiful coastal town of Swakopmund. Though both men are rivals when it comes to business, sometime last year they have put aside their unnecessary rivalries and indeed concluded a number of commercial agreements and partnerships. In one of their lucrative transactions, Cloete and John acquired a very beautiful and immense building in the coastal town. Without wasting time, both rich men renovated and repainted the building with the view to renting it out to prospective tenants. An advertisement to this effect was placed in The Namibian newspaper, and many offers started flowing in. In the end, a lease agreement was agreed upon and concluded between Cloete and John (herein lessors) and a group of five young ladies (herein lessees) in May 2018. One of the terms of the contract was that the lessees, since they are all unemployed, would indulge in the acts of prostitution to enable them to raise rentals of N$ 10 000 per month. For the first two months, all parties to the contract performed as per their obligations under the lease agreement. However, since January this year, lessees have been in breach of contract in that they have failed, refused or neglected to pay their monthly rentals in terms of the lease. Despite numerous notices by the landlords to the defaulting tenants, no single payment has been effected since January 2019. As a result, John and Cloete had no other option but to take the defaulting tenants to court so as to claim unpaid rentals and interest thereon.

Instruction: With reference to relevant legislations, case law and general principles of law of contract, discuss John and Cloete chances of succeeding in their legal action.    {10 marks)

Two infrastructure project alternatives are available to transport water from a reservoir to town

– Option A involves building a 10-mile long gravity pipeline

– Option B involves building an 8-mile long pipeline and a pumping station

• Given an MARR of 7%, which option is more economic in 10, 20, and 30 years?

Initial pipeline cost: option A $2.8 million, option B $1.5 million.

Pumping Station cost: option A $0, option B $500,000.  

Annual operation and maintenance cost: option A $30,000, option B $60,000.

Annual power costs during first 10 years: option A $0, option B $40000.

Annual power costs after 10 years: option A $0, option B $120000.

Duchamp plc is a company that publishes regional newspapers. Each newspaper contains news relevant to a specific town or city.

On 1^st July 2019 Duchamp plc purchased the ‘Winchester Weekly Bulletin’ title from a competitor. This title was launched in 1934 and is still popular. The title cost Duchamp £350,000.

The CEO of Duchamp plc felt it was inconsistent to have one title recognised on the Statement of financial position when other titles that were created ‘in-house’ by Duchamp were not capitalised. He has requested the Finance Director work out the expenditure on these in-house titles and capitalise it along with the Winchester Weekly Bulletin.

The only other title purchased by Duchamp plc is the ‘Cambridge Evening Mercury’ for which it paid £100,000 five years ago. Since then circulation has doubled and the CEO feels the magazine must consequently be worth at least twice as much. He has suggested the title is revalued to reflect this.

On 1^st October 2019 the company began developing some new software that, if successful, would reduce the cost of producing the newspapers. The initial design work proceeded quickly but building the new software has proved difficult due to lack of compatibility between the different systems. Development costs at 30^th June 2020 had reached £65,000 and the board are questioning whether it is worth investing further in what might be a failing project when similar packages could be bought ‘off the shelf’.

Requirement

1. Discuss how the purchase of the Winchester Weekly Bulletin should be treated in the financial statements including how it should be measured subsequently.  (3 marks)

2. Explain whether the CEO’s ideas with respect to the in-house titles and the Cambridge Evening Mercury are acceptable.  (3 marks)

3. Explain whether the costs incurred in the process of developing the new software can be capitalised as at 30^th June 2020. (You are not required to repeat all the PIRATE criteria).  (4 marks)

Correct this essay...

The tragedy of Syrian Refugees’ Children

In order to gain money for his family, a child has to wake up early and go directly to work for long hours, often in hazardous conditions, using dangerous machinery in factories, getting abused by employers, and spending the whole day under the hot sun. After an exhausting day like that, the one thing that the child will do when he returns home is to fall asleep, but unfortunately, that was also not enough simple for him. Hence, every night the same nightmare will come chasing him and a scene of a terrified child trying to run away from the bombs that a warplane is dropping next to him will be played. He wishes he could bring a psychological to address every emotional wound he is suffering from or just go to school and play with children from his age. He just wishes an ordinary life; a life that a child should have to grow in. That wish was from a Syrian refugee child, but in fact, about 5 million child share the same dream and hope to be a student that is building his future. Therefore, these children should be afforded with education to erase the bleak image that is stored in their eyes and to not lose a generation of talent and mind.

            To begin, many Syrian refugees are finding difficulties affording their children education fees following the hard situation they live in, losing all their goods in their homeland and desperate to find a good earning job . The crisis of Syrian refugees affected the children’s education negatively. Recent statistics studies show that the number of refugees between the age of 3 and 18 is approximately 500 000, with only 150 000 of them getting educated due to the lack of funds some Syrian refugees suffer from (World Bank, 2016, 1:06). On the same matter, the lack of funds leads most refugees over the age of 18 to be unable to continue their higher education. According to Martin Trow, almost two percent of the capable age series have entered universities in Africa (as cited in Peterson, 2010, p.11). In order to solve these problems, NGOs offered free non formal education schools next to camps in order to help those unable to attend schools get a primary education (World Bank, 2016, 1:34). Solutions as these could give hope to refugees, motivating them to work harder in order to educate themselves.

Furthermore, many young Syrian refugees are obliged to work in risky places with acceptance of low wage salaries. The children’s parents are in a financial crisis and they are always wandering and searching for an income that can only satisfy their primary needs. In addition, legal standards are too tough for the Syrian youngsters to handle. For example, if a Syrian child wants to access the school, he/she must have an ID that reveals who they are and where they come from, but most of these refugees lost their ID in their hometown during war. This can be an enormous problem that these poor young-Syrian refugees might face. In the magazine” The Importance of Education for Refugees “(2017), it was reported that refugee students that are accessing schools are quitting because legal standards are tough for them because some things can not be provided or adapted. Since they are not allowed to work, all members of the family must work with low budgets in order to live or survive (para.6). Moreover, young Syrian boys are seen weak and many people think that they are able to handle abuse and violence so many work places demand them to work in their work place with very low income that can make the parents accept the offer.

The third reason is there are some refugees suffer from lack of English language. Almost all countries in the world use the English language in teaching their students while in Syria the government uses Arabic language in their curriculum. In addition, each day the number of Syrian refugees increases due to the unstoppable war in Syria which leads to raise the problem of language. For example, in Lebanon, the government use the English language in their curriculum to teach students which affect directly the achievements of refugees and may cause to have uneducated children due to the difficulties of language. For confirmation, according to a recent statistics, almost 2% of the capable age series have entered universities in Africa due to the difficulties that face them in school (as cited in Peterson, 2010, p.11). Therefore, as a solution, the governments should either insure new schools especially for Syrian refugees or make a second shift in one school with a Syrian teachers. For confirmation, “it is possible to assist teachers in developing strategies that incorporate the background knowledge of their refugee children” (“The importance of education for refugees”, 2017, para.6).

Syrian refugees face many issues in host countries, their lives became hard and in risky conditions. Recent statistics showed that the number of refugees that are enrolled in schools are 150000 students, and these students need help an support as they live in poor health conditions. Many of the Syrian refugees live in cold situations, for example in Bekaa the temperature is too low, and some refugee schools have no heating tools. In addition, many of the diseases they suffer of appear in schools and camps Syrian refugees live in and without undergoing any treatment (Word bank,2016,1:06).

Last but not least, the schools that are afforded for Syrian refugees are not formal departments which end up not rewarding these children with their right to own a certificate. A statistical report stated that the number of refugees between the age of 3 and 18 is approximately 500,000, with only 150,000 of them getting educated (World Bank, 2016, 1:06). For example, in Bekaa, a non formal school was established for Syrian children next to the refugee’s camp. Teachers were dealing with war children that are negatively affected with every hazardous situation they went through which are somehow hard to deal with accepting the fact of dead uneducated minds. So, it was a challenge for these teachers to bring children back to their normal life. Moreover, teachers are waiting for somebody to answer their call on finding a solution to insure refugee’s right of quality education by giving these children certificates helping them achieve their bright goal in an appropriate way ( hawerunesco, 2016, 3:50).  

To sum up, education will solve the problems that Syrian refugees are suffering from which consist of high fees, labor, English language problems, unhealthy environment, and no quality education. These children are waiting for an open door that will be opened by achieving the solutions stated above.

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