Questions
Can you paraphrase the following rationale, thank you! 1. Which function is carried out by all...

Can you paraphrase the following rationale, thank you!

1. Which function is carried out by all lymphoid tissues and organs?

a. Filtration of lymph

b. Filtration of blood
c. Extramedullary hemopoiesis
d. Production of lymphocytes
e. Destruction of old erythrocytes

Rationalization: Filtration of blood, extramedullary hemopoiesis, destruction of old erythrocytes occurs in spleen, but filtration of lymph occurs in lymph nodes. All of the lymphoid tissues and organs function in the production of lymphocytes

2. Which structure is partly encapsulated and covered by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

a. Appendix

b. Lymph node

c. Palatine tonsil

d. Peyer’s patch

e. Thymic (Hassal’s) corpuscle

Rationalization: Palatine tonsil is located in the posterior lateral walls of the oral cavity, it means that it is prone to abrasion and stratified squamous forms thick layer of cells to protect against abrasion and acts as a mechanical barrier.

3. Which cell type gives rise to both memory and effector cells and is primarily associated with humoral immunity?

a. B lymphocyte

b. Nk cell

c. Macrophage

d. T lymphocyte

e. Reticular cell

Rationalization: Given with the clue “humoral immunity” B lymphocyte is known to be responsible for secreting antibodies (specifically Plasma B-cell)

4. Recycling of iron and heme, the major complex containing iron, occurs most actively in which lymphoid organ(s)/ tissue?

a. Lymph nodes

b. Peyer’s patch

c. Tonsils

d. Spleen

e. Lymphatic vessels

Rationalization: Spleen is responsible for filtration of blood

5. Which description is true of all secondary (peripheral) lymphoid organs?

a. Capable of antigen-independent lymphopoiesis

b. Contain crypts

c. Contain epithelial-reticular cells

d. Lack connective tissue capsules

e. Contain lymphoid nodules

Rationalization: Antigen-independent lymphopoiesis occurs in primarily in lymphoid organs, secondary lymphoid organs are surrounded by connective tissue

6. Which structure would be most heavily labeled by an immunohistochemical method targeting the CD8 surface antigen

a. Germinal centers

b. Paracortex

c. Peyer’s patch

d. Sheathed arterioles

e. Splenic cords

Rationalization: The paracortex of contains lymphoid tissue rich in T-cells distinguishable by immunohistochemistry.

7. A baby is born with a cleft palate and a condition called DiGeorge syndrome, which involves failure of third and fourth pharyngeal pouch derivatives to develop properly. The palate defect is corrected surgically, but regarding the pharyngeal pouch defect the parents are advised that the growing child may expect which of the following health problems?

a. Insufficient B-cell production by lymph nodes in the head and neck

b. Inability to secrete IgA

c. Excessive numbers of circulating but defective erythrocytes

d. Increased oral infections due lack of palatine and pharyngeal tonsils

e. Conditions related to autoimmunity

Rationalization: There are common problems that occur in DiGeorge syndrome such as heart defects, hypothyroidism, thymus gland dysfunction, cleft palate and developmental problem. Due to small or absence of thymus, may have increased risk of autoimmune diseases.

8. Many immune-related cellular activities are often impaired in aged patients. Which lymphoid organ(s) normally develop less functionality and increasing amounts of adipose tissue with age?

a. Axillary lymph nodes

b. Lingual tonsils

c. Thymus

d. Splenic white pulp

e. Splenic red pulp

Rationalization: Because as we grow old, thymus gland begins to deteriorate and less functional. Thymus is the site of T-lymphocyte differentiation and selection, it is most active during neonatal and pre-adolescent period.

9. A 12-year-old girl of African descent presents with anemia and a large percentage of her peripheral erythrocytes appear sickle-shaped. Genetic testing reveals homozygosity for sickle cell disease. In which of the following sites will the abnormal RBCs be removed from the circulation?

a. Thymic cortex

b. Periarteriolar lymphoid sheathes of splenic white pulp

c. Medullary sinuses of lymph nodes

d. Thymic medulla

e. Splenic cords (of Billroth)

Rationalization: Because the red pulp is composed almost entirely of splenic cord (of Billroth) and splenic sinusoids and it the site where the effete RBC in blood are removed.

10. A 6-year-old boy is brought to the clinic where his mother reports that he was bitten by a neighbor’s dog two days earlier. The child’s right hand is lacerated between the thumb and index finger and this area is inflamed but healing. The doctor’s examination reveals small but painless swellings beneath the skin inside the right elbow and armpit and he explains to the mother that these are active lymph nodes enlarged in response to infection in the hand. What has produced swelling?

a. Increased flow of lymph through the nodes’ afferent lymphatics

b. Formation of germinal centers for B-cell proliferation in each node’s cortex

c. Arrival of antigen-presenting cells in each node’s medulla

d. Enlargement and increased activity of the nodes’ high endothelial venules

e. Increased thickness of each node’s paracortex

Rationalization: It was the immune response of B-cell to invading pathogens. Antibodies are secreted by plasma cells that arise by terminal differentiation.

In: Anatomy and Physiology

I need more than just one question answered, please... 1. Which component of speech acts is...

I need more than just one question answered, please...

1.

Which component of speech acts is the most difficult to determine?

a. the linguistic form
b. the context of the message
c. the effect on the listener
d. the intent of the message

2.

If you tell a friend about a movie you watched the previous night, you would be engaging in a

a. speech act.
b. social register.
c. narrative.
d. conversation.

3.

According to Bates, if a child cries and reaches for an object but never looks at her mother during this process, then it would be classified as an example of the ________ phase of speech acts.

a. perlocutionary
b. paralocutionary
c. locutionary
d. illocutionary

4.

What is the relationship between a child's single word utterances and the ability to convey intent?

a. Up to nine meaningful functions have been reported with the aid of extralinguistic behavior.
b. Communication function that appear here, later disappear until they are able to use linguistic forms to produce them.
c. In this stage the child's communication functions are conveyed by the words selected.
d. No meaningful communication functions are possible until the two-word stage.

5.

You believe that preschool children have problems conversing because they lack the requisite cognitive abilities to be able to take the point of view of another. This view fits within the framework of

a. developmental language.
b. Piaget's collective monologue.
c. language play.
d. private speech.

6.

A child is able to put together a model with the aid of an adult. Later he is able to do it alone by having internalized the direction given by the adult. This is a view of private speech that fits with

a. Piaget.
b. Bandura.
c. Skinner.
d. Vygosky.

7.

A child's earliest attempts to repair miscommunication

a. involve the preverbal repetition or revision of signals or gestures.
b. involves the revision of the verbal message.
c. involves the repetition of the verbal message.
d. are seen in the form of repeated babbles.

8.

What have researchers found when study the development of children's ability to sustain conversations?

a. most of their early conversational utterances are contingent
b. that staying on topic is easier than starting a new topic
c. most children's speech was adjacent (occurring after an adult utterance)
d. most of their early utterances are nonadjacent (without a prior adult utterance)

9.

If a child is asked about a birthday party she attended and tells about it by including things that did occur but other things that are typically part of a birthday party but did not happen in this case, then this

a. illustrates she is in the first phase of narrative development.
b. means she is using general event knowledge to produce it.
c. indicates she is not following the typical course of narrative development.

10.

Which statement about narrative development is true?

a. young children are better at fictional than personal narratives.
b. 5 year olds are still dependent on adults for aid in telling narratives.
c. Narratives improve during school years due to development of linguistic devices that improve temporal order.
d. Narrative development is essentially complete by 4 to 5 years of age.

11.

Researchers studying the development of request forms have found that children in the telegraphic speech stage

a. can only produce more than one form if they combine speech with gestures.
b. can form a request in more than one way.
c. require a parental scaffold to make a request.
d. are unable to use different request forms due to a lack of referential communication skills.

12.

How does the child-directed speech of children differ from that of adult's child-directed speech?

a. children ask less questions than adults
b. children are generally more attuned to the younger child
c. children use less attention-getting devices
d. children talk more to the child than adults

13.

You are examining the speech of a preschooler and find it to be very assertive and demanding in it conversation style. Furthermore, the child tends to interrupt others often and uses lots of imperatives. From this information you would guess the child

a. is a middle or last born child in the family.
b. is from a broken home.
c. is a boy.
d. is from a higher SES.

14.

Which statement regarding influences on communicative function is accurate?

a. Culturally-based differences play a large role in the style of language use.
b. The differences in functions can be accounted by biological factors and differences.
c. Lower SES children ask more questions than higher SES children.
d. It is assumed to have little to do with biologically based factors.

15.

How are Piaget's views of the communicative abilities of preschoolers supported by research on communicative development?

a. His concept of egocentric speech provides an accurate description of the behavior found throughout preschool development of communication.
b. His views are not supported by research in this area throughout the preschool period.
c. His emphasis on the role of experience on communicative development is not supported by the research.
d. His views are supported up until about the age of three.

In: Psychology

Case 92: Dirty Employees or Bioterrorism I NEED A CASE WRITE UP DONE BASED ON THIS...


Case 92: Dirty Employees or Bioterrorism

I NEED A CASE WRITE UP DONE BASED ON THIS CASE! AN EXAMPLE HAS BEEN PROVIDED ON THE LAYOUT OF HOW IT NEEDS TO BE DONE

“In a nearly unbelievable chapter of Oregon history, a guru from India gathered 2,000 followers to live on a remote eastern Oregon ranch. The dream collapsed 25 years ago amid attempted murders, criminal charges and deportations” (Zaitz, 2011a). The following case is based on true events.

In 1981, in The Dalles (pronounced The Dowells), Oregon, a religious cult called the Rajneeshees tried to register 3,500 homeless street people so they could take over the county government and become one with The Dalles, a merger of church and state. The Rajneeshees were politically savvy and well organized. The Dalles had 14,000 non-cult voters, but the county clerk recognized the threat of the cult and stopped the registration of these Rajneeshees’ “adoptees.” The clerk then forced each person to come to hearings to determine voting eligibility.

At around the same time as the political upheavals, 751 people fell ill with nausea, diarrhea, headache, and fever, overwhelming the local hospital’s ED. Local doctors quickly identified the causative organism as Salmonella typhimurium. Using standard epidemiological methods, the public health department was able to trace every case of Salmonella to salad bars at area restaurants. One in particular was hard hit, the Shakey’s Pizza. The owner was devastated with loss of sales and liability claims when over 400 customers became ill. Was it “dirty employees” who did this to him and his business? Health officials closed his restaurant, leaving his life in a shambles. The food-borne illnesses seemed to stop with the arrival of an army of public health inspectors who maintained vigilance over the food supply.

A year later, during an FBI probe into the Rajneeshees for wiretapping and fraud, an informant suggested that the cult was responsible for this food-borne outbreak.

USE INFORMATION FROM CASE TO DO A WRITE UP (PLEASE INCLUDE DETAILED EXPLANATION AND COMPLETE ALL 6 STEPS)

1 - Write a background statement

2- What are the major problems and secondary issues?

3- Your Role

4- Organizational Strengths and Weaknesses

5- Alternatives and Recommended Solution

6- Evaluation

THEIR IS AN EXAMPLE BELOW OF HOW THIS SHOULD LOOK!!!!

Case Write-Up

Background Statement

A Wiccan patient who visited a nondenominational community hospital was discussing her religious beliefs with her primary care nurse, Penny Baker, when suddenly another nurse, Ruth Goose, walked into the conversation and rudely stated, “Thou shalt not suffer a witch amongst you.” The Wiccan nurse felt offended and complained that she was discriminated in the hospital because of her religious beliefs.

Major Problems and Secondary Issues

The major problem is that the two nurses, Penny Baker and Ruth Goose, made the patient feel unwelcomed in the nondenominational community hospital because of her Wiccan religious beliefs. The secondary issues that the nondenominational community hospital may face is that the Wiccan patient is threatening to go to the media. This means that there may be news coverage that your hospital engages in religious discrimination. This may make people, especially Wiccans, look down on your medical services.

Your Role

In this case, I am the Vice President of Nursing Services. As stated in the text, it writes, “You are the Vice President of Nursing Services in a nondenominational community hospital, and you receive a complaint from a patient, who is a Wiccan.” The advantages of this role are that I can sit down with Penny and Ruth to let them know that religious discrimination is not to be tolerated while we are caring for the patients. The disadvantages of this role are that I must decide how I am going to discuss this matter with Penny and Ruth because they’re passionate about being against the Wiccan patient. I need to let Penny and Ruth know that our patient’s care matters above everything else, not what religion they practice.

Organizational Strengths and Weaknesses

As the Vice President of Nursing Services, my strengths are that I can hold a training on racial, ethnic, and religious diversity. This training can supplement nurses with the information they need to work in a diverse environment. Nurses need to know that they must treat their patients justly despite their identity. The weaknesses I may face are that the two nurses are very religious themselves. They may not listen to what I have to say about religious discrimination because the two nurses try to justify their act by saying, “She did the right thing. We don’t have to pray with witches. They worship Satan. It’s blasphemy. What’s next? Human sacrifice?”

Alternatives and Recommended Solution

As a solution for this problem, I will make sure to provide all the nurses working in the hospital with diversity training. It is important that I sit down with the nurses and make it clear that discrimination will not be tolerated while they are working in our hospital. I can also offer every patient visiting the hospital with a survey. The patient can fill out the survey to let us know how they felt about their stay. Nurses who’ve been accused of any sort of discrimination, will have to speak with management. We would keep these incidences of discrimination in a file, and it the dilemma does not change, I would have to begin writing up the nurses. Discrimination would not be tolerated while the patient is in the hospital trying to recover from a medical condition. I would also recommend Penny and Ruth write an official letter of apology to the Wiccan patient before she decides to go to the media. Writing the official letter of apology would be my first recommended solution to Penny and Ruth, so that the patient does not feel unwelcomed to our hospital’s services in the future.

Evaluation

If there are enough surveys to prove that our medical treatment is getting better and there are less patients coming from the patients about discrimination, then I would know that the instances of discrimination have stopped. The goal is to aid in the medical recovery of patients. Patients must also feel welcomed to our hospital services despite their identity. By getting fewer, or even better, no discrimination complaints, I would know that my diversity trainings and meetings have worked.

In: Nursing

can you people rewrite this story and include dialogue please use dialogue technique in this story...

can you people rewrite this story and include dialogue please use dialogue technique in this story and you can add on information

Door slamming, voice screaming loud piercing cries from extreme emotion and pain. That was the sound of John. John got home from the hospital with numerous head injuries from fighting at school with Bob and Sam who were the class bullies. They were fighting because John accused Bob and Sam of stealing his assignments in front of the whole class. Bob and Sam both tried to defend themselves but the argument between the three got heated up and suddenly Bob, Sam, and John started fighting and John hit his head where he had to rush to the emergency room. This caused John to be at home. John was happy that he won the fight and that while the fight was going on his class was cheering him on. However, when it was night time John would feel a sharp stabbing pain, extreme heat, and burning sensation in his head. A deep ache in his brain and an achy pain that kept occurring in his brain and it would cause John to have regrets of why he will never fight again. The pain was extremely heavy, dull, and discomfort that Everyone who lived in his house could hear John from his room crying out for help because the medications that the doctor prescribed would not help to ease the pain. John was in pain seven days a week from Monday to Sunday. “Every day John would think to himself and say maybe next time I’ll think before I act and I won’t be in all these pains but at least I won the fight so the pain was worth it anyways” These horrible pains prevented John from going to school and helping around the house. This causes John to feel guilty because he is the person who always maintains the house, clean, and does chores. John is not used to staying in bed all day and not helping around the house because of how badly he was injured from fighting with Bob and Sam. John was experiencing many different emotions and symptoms. John would get angry, sad and have a lot of fear that when he goes back to school Bob and Sam will still try to fight him because they are still bullies and because the class was only cheering him on and not Sam and Bob so John feels as if they might have been jealous. Moreover, John feels very embarrassed to go back to school because he is not a person who likes to fight and fighting makes John feel ashamed of himself. John started to develop a range of mental disorders such as depression and anxiety as well as behavioral disturbances because John thinks about what people at school would be saying about him. Besides, John was in distrust because he would doubt the honesty and reliability of Bob and Sam he believed that their apology was not sincere. John thinks that when he goes back to school Bob and Sam would want to fight him again. However, John has the intention that “If Sam and Bob try to fight me again I will run to the principal office and call for help but maybe everyone would think I am just scared and afraid to fight, but that's okay they could only think I know what's best for me ” John said. Because he doesn't want to have any regrets again when he can walk away from fighting Bob and Sam. After two months of staying home, John started to recover. John would feel less pain and he was able to help out around the house. Furthermore, John was able to go back to school and this was his biggest fear Because he was still scared of Bob and Sam and he didn’t have any friends at school because He is a new student and He migrated from Guyana. On a bright sunny Monday morning John was going back to school he was feeling Scared, frightened, afraid, and terrified because he did not know what to expect since he is a new student at the school with no friends but got into a fight with the class bullies. When John entered the school campus he noticed that the school environment was different from the first day of school. There were signs on the wall of the school building that provided information about safety, counseling, and also information on why people should not bully others. This information allowed John to feel physical, emotionally, and socially comfortable. Because John feels safe and comfortable that there is help in the school if there is an issue on the school campus. John went to his first-class for the day when John entered the classroom his classmates were smiling at him and greeting him with a warm welcome. John started to feel appreciated, valued, and happy. John went to his seat. His seat was in front of the two-class bullies, Bob and Sam. John was extremely nervous but he didn't show it. John begins to take out his notebooks and copies his notes and answers questions where he knows the answer to what the teacher was asking. Sam and Bob walk over to John's seat and ask him “how he was doing” and invite him to sit with them at lunch. John was surprised because it was unexpected and astonishing that Sam and Bob invited him to have lunch with them. Since John had no friends in the school he takes the offer and smiles. Bob and Sam enjoy lunch with John and they did not make John feel unwelcome or harmful when they were around each other. Bob, Sam, and John would hang out every lunchtime, play games, and get to know each other. Make fun jokes and John gets to realize that Bob and Sam are sorry for the hurt that they caused him and they learn fr

In: Economics

Q.After you read Why the Government Is Suing Google New York Times article, please provide a...

Q.After you read Why the Government Is Suing Google New York Times article, please provide a summary of the article and your own assessment of the merit of this case Organize your initial response in heading and subheadings and different paragraphs



Why the Government Is Suing Google
Maybe all Google needed to keep from acting like a monopoly was more effective government oversight.


The U.S. government sued Google on Tuesday claiming that the company is an illegal monopoly. My colleagues called it “the government’s most significant legal challenge to a tech company’s market power in a generation.”
This legal case is going to be loud, confusing and will most likely drag on for years. More confusing lawsuits against Google from U.S. states are probably coming, too. What will be most important to remember are the big questions at the heart of this: Does Google break the rules to stay on top? And if so, does that hurt all of us?
So, yes, this is about politics and legal minutiae, but ultimately this case boils down to whether the technology that we use could be better, and whether the American economy could be more fair.
And through all this drama, I have a lingering question: Is the government suing Google because the government itself wasn’t doing its job?

All of the activity that the Justice Department now says is evidence of Google maintaining an illegal monopoly over search and search advertising has been known for years and could possibly have led to a crackdown by agencies like the U.S. Federal Trade Commission and the Justice Department. Those agencies are responsible for keeping watch on companies for signs of potentially abusive behavior.
And yet, under both Democratic and Republican presidents in recent years, Google faced few substantive government enforcement actions for anything it did that made the company stronger and harder to unseat. If you let your kid act up again and again without consequences, should you be surprised that it keeps happening?


In Tuesday’s lawsuit, the Justice Department accused Google of shutting out rivals through tactics like paying phone companies and others to ensure that Google’s web search engine has a prominent position on Android smartphones and on iPhones. This behavior, the government lawsuit said, holds back competition that could make better products for all of us.
But this activity hasn’t been a hush-hush conspiracy cooked up in underground bunkers at Google headquarters.
We’ve known for years that Google pays Apple billions of dollars each year to make sure its search engine is the one that people encounter on their iPhones and in the Safari web browser. It’s not a secret that Google had contracts with phone companies that required them to include Google apps on smartphones and make its search engine practically inescapable.


The European Union’s antitrust regulators fined Google over similar tactics in 2018. The E.U. required changes to Google’s behavior, although some competitors have said they are ineffective.
Reading the U.S. government’s lawsuit, I was mostly left wondering why it’s happening now. Almost all the substantive allegations about Google abusing its power could have been made — and were — years ago. The E.U. case, which started in 2015, dredged up very similar facts.
Novelty is not required to prove that Google is an illegal monopoly, of course. But still, if the lawsuit is treading on familiar ground, why did it take so long?
And again, could the F.T.C. or the Justice Department have stepped in to ask hard questions about this behavior before now? Would that have slowed Google and prevented the need for a Big Bang and risky lawsuit to try to change what the company does? (Google said on Tuesday that the government’s lawsuit is “deeply flawed,” and that people use its online services because they choose to.)
There are, to be sure, complex legal questions involved here. The government can’t just declare that Google stop doing stuff like this just because it makes the company stronger. But I do wonder if more effective oversight by every corner of the government in the last decade would have done with less fuss what this antitrust lawsuit is trying to do — kept Google from tilting the game to its advantage.
In recent conclusions of a congressional investigation into the power of big technology companies, lawmakers who normally disagree about everything did agree on one thing: America’s antitrust watchdogs have fallen down on the job. (To be fair, Congress should shoulder part of the burden here. It writes the laws that dictate what the F.T.C. and Department of Justice do, and it sets their budgets.)
House members said that the F.T.C. and others too often left unchallenged Big Tech’s pattern of getting more powerful by acquiring competitors, and that the agencies did not crack down when these companies broke the law and their word. I couldn’t agree more.


For one small example, look at what happened in 2013. The F.T.C. said that it was getting harder for people to tell the difference between regular web search results and paid web links on Google’s search engine. This risked hurting both those trying to use the site, and companies that had no choice but to spend more money with Google to get noticed.
The F.T.C. urged Google and others to make it more clear when people were seeing web search results rather than paid links.
What happened since that warning in 2013? Not very much. If anything, it’s gotten even more difficult to tell Google’s ads from everything else.
That’s one small example, and that activity wasn’t highlighted in the Justice Department lawsuit against Google. But it shows that big companies — if their behavior is unchecked — will continue to test the limits of their power.
For more from my colleagues: Steve Lohr explains what you need to know about the lawsuit against Google. And Brian X. Chen writes about how Google’s changes over the years have kept us in the company’s infinite loop.

In: Economics

Of the 5 lessons identified in this article, which one do you believe is the most important one for businesses to follow? (Select just one). Explain your answer and be specific.

5 Lessons Learned from the Mattel Product Recalls of 2007:

Learning from the faults of others can be a useful training tool. However, when it’s your company’s name being tossed around in discussions of what not to do, you need to do something…fast. In 2007, toy company Mattel embarked on four major product recalls. The recalls were the result of large quantities of lead found in the paint used in a number of their products. Mattel, like many other companies, uses contractors in China to manufacture products. This case raises supply chain concerns, bringing to light the importance of quality control and keeping an eye on the actions of your overseas operations and partners.

Here are 5 key lessons learned from the crisis at Mattel:

1. Always Act Fast

A quick reaction won't solve all of your problems, but failing to do so, will open up a new can of worms to deal with.

Confront the issues, don’t hide from them. In Mattel’s case, the company was very public about the recalls and the CEO even issued a public apology. A quick reaction makes it easier for companies to cope with and take control of the situation. Reacting quickly helps companies score “bonus points” with the public, slightly reducing the negative impact that the recall has on the company’s reputation. When companies are slow to react or spend most of their time placing blame on others, the public reacts negatively, criticizing companies for their negligence and irresponsibility. A quick reaction won’t solve all of your problems, but failing to do so, will open up a new can of worms to deal with.

2. Keep an Eye on Your Supply Chain

To save on costs, Mattel has shipped manufacturing overseas to China. Having multiple offices and operation sites makes it difficult to keep an eye on day-to-day operations. According to the Financial Times Press article “Trouble in Toyland: New Challenges for Mattel–and ‘Made in China’,” one of the main issues in the lead paint crisis at Mattel was that the Chinese contractors had subcontracted the painting of the toys to another company that used inferior and unauthorized products. A lot of companies get caught in similar traps.

3. Take Responsibility

Be the bigger person and take the blame- public finger pointing isn’t going to get you anywhere. In the Reuters article “Mattel Sued Over Toy Recall,” it was reported that Mattel’s CEO stated that the company was increasing the aggressiveness of toy testing methods, which would likely result in additional recalls as a precautionary measure.

4. Tighter Regulations and Inspections

In the Wall Street Journal article, “Mattel Settles Suit Over Lead in China-Made Toys,” author John Kell writes:

“Toy makers were hurt by a number of product recalls in 2007, leading to millions of dollars in costs for testing, legal expenses, advertising and product returns. Mattel recalled millions of toys that year, including those produced under licenses for characters including Elmo, Big Bird, Barbie and Polly Pocket. The issue later led to mandatory federal toy-safety standards, which included testing and tough new regulations for lead and chemicals in products intended for children under 12.”

5. Take Action and Communicate

During a crisis, such as the one experienced by Mattel, a lot of business leaders say that changes are going to be made and policies will be followed more consistently- but do they actually follow up on their word once the storm has passed? Don’t say something just to look good in front of the public, they will know if you mean it or not. I recommend giving weekly updates and using the power of social media to communicate to consumers about the progress your company makes as it works toward a solution. If 100 products have been tested, let the public know. There are enough resources available to you today to control the media and communicate your commitment to your consumers. It’s never more important than in a time of crisis to communicate and reassure the public that things will be alright.

Question:

Of the 5 lessons identified in this article, which one do you believe is the most important one for businesses to follow? (Select just one). Explain your answer and be specific.

In: Economics

Euler’s Method and Introduction to MATLAB • Start MATLAB • Inline Commands: You can type commands...

Euler’s Method and Introduction to MATLAB

Start MATLAB

Inline Commands: You can type commands directly into the command window: Type and expression and then hit enter to evaluate the expression. For example:

>> 2+2

If you want to suppress the output of a command follow it with ;.  For example >>2+2;

Practice evaluating a few expressions in the command window. (In MATLAB multiplication is represented by * so 3*2=6).

Variables and Vectors: You can define variables in the command window. For example, to set the value of the variable x equal to 2 just type >>x=2 and hit enter. Notice that the variable x now appears in your workspace on the far right hand side.

Variables can be vectors. For example >>x=[1 2 3] creates a row vector with three components: x(1)=1, x(2)=2, and x(3)=3. Try it.  What happens when you set x=[1;2;3]?

Inline Functions: You can create functions in the command window. We will create functions of two variables. (Later these functions will represent the derivative of another function.) For example to create a function g(x,y)=-15y type g=@(x,y) (-15*y) and press enter.

Now that you have created the function g(x,y) you can evaluate it at different x and y values. For example, to compute g(1,2), just type: >>g(1,2) and hit enter. Also compute g(2,2). Why is g(1,2)=g(2,2)?

Functions in M files: MATLAB functions can also be saved as m files. Download euler_method.m from D2L and save it to your MATLAB directory.

When you open the file euler_method.m you will see that the lines of the function are numbered along the left hand side of the window. Look at the first line:

function [x,y] = euler_method(f,h,x0,y0,xn).

This line creates a function called euler_method in MATLAB.

The variables in square brackets are the outputs of the function. These variables are returned to the command window after the function is called. This function returns variables called x and y. The variables in round brackets are the inputs of the function. This function has five inputs. What are they?

The % symbol is used to comment out text. This means that whatever appears after a % sign is not executed as part of the code. Explanations are placed after a % symbol. Read the comments that describe how the function euler_method.m works.

For Loops: Line 18 of euler_method.m begins a for loop. This for loop is indexed by the variable i. It is ended on line 21 by the command end. The expression for i=1:n tells MATLAB to execute the commands inside the for loop for i=1,2,3, . . . all the way up to n.

Note: MATLAB updates the value of the index i with each iteration of the loop, so the command i=i+1 need not appear inside the loop.

1) The loop on line 18 is supposed to perform Euler’s method, but lines 19 and 20 are incomplete. What should be on these lines? Fix the code, and save your changes.

2) You can tell MATLAB to run the function euler_method from the command window by typing[x,y]=euler_method(f,h,x0,y0,xn), with values or defined variables substituted for the function inputs, f, h, x0, y0, and xn.

In the command window type [x,y]=euler_method(g,h,0,1,1) to solve the initial value problem, dy/dx=g(x,y); y(0)=1, for h=.25, .125, .0625, and .03125. Each time you run euler_method, a plot showing the approximate solution as a function of x will be produced. Edit these plots to include axes labels and titles, and insert them here.

3) Describe the solution plots. How does the approximate solution change as h gets smaller?

4) Make a table to show the approximate value of y(1) for each choice of h.  Use the table to estimate y(1) to within 2 decimal places.  

5) Make a qualitative analysis of this differential equation by drawing its phase line. What does this analysis suggest will happen to the solution, y(x), as x approaches infinity?


I Just need to know how to draw the phaseline on number 5

In: Advanced Math

Question 3 a) Modern Day Gospel Fellowship is a non-denominational charity organisation established in 2001. The...

Question 3
a) Modern Day Gospel Fellowship is a non-denominational charity organisation established in 2001. The charity’s aim is to provide support to children from disadvantaged backgrounds. The support comes in two folds i.e. academic such as scholarships and related academic activities and sports such as tennis, swimming and football. The aim is to provide total well-being to humanity.
Modern Day Gospel Fellowship has detailed constitution which explains how the charity’s income can be spent. The constitution also notes that the administration expenditure cannot exceed 6% of annual income.
The charity’s income is derived wholly from voluntary donations which includes:
• Cash collected from public donations by volunteers.
• Cheques sent to the charity’s head office.
• Donation from generous individuals. Some of these donations have specific clauses attached to them indicating that the initial amount donated (capital) cannot be spent. However, the income (interest) from the donation can only be spent on specific activities, for example, provision of sport equipment and scholarships.
• The rules regarding the taxation of charities in the country where Modern Day Gospel Fellowship is based are complicated, with only certain expenditure being allowable for taxation purposes and donations of capitals being treated as income in some situations.

You are required to:
i. Identify areas of inherent risk in Modern Day Gospel Fellowship and explain the effect of each of this risk on the audit approach.
                                5 marks
ii. Explain why the control environment may be weak at Modern Day Gospel Fellowship.
3 marks

b) You work in a reputable audit firm and you are currently reviewing the working papers of several audit assignments recently curried out by your audit firm. Each of the audit engagement is nearing completion, but certain matters have recently come to light which may affect your audit opinion on each of the assignments. In each case, the year-end of the company is 30 August 2019.
i. Mimie Company (Profit before tax Ghc 750,000)
On 6 September 2019 a letter was received informing the company that a customer, who owed the company Ghc 150,000 as at the year-end had been declared bankrupt on 30 August. At the time of the audit it was expected that unsecured creditors, such as Mimie, would receive nothing in respect of this dept. The directors refuse to change the financial statements to provide for the loss, on the grounds that the notification was received by the statement of financial position date.
Total debts shown in the statement of financial position amounted to Ghc 2,375,000.                   3 marks
ii. Kokuvi Company (Profit before tax Ghc 2,500,000)
On 20 July 2019 a customer sued the company for personal damages arising from a defect in one of its products. Shortly before the year-end, the company made an out-of-court settlement with the customer of Ghc 50,000, although this agreement is not reflected in the financial statements. Further, the matter subsequently became known to the press and was extensively reported. The company’s legal advisers have now been informed that further claims have been received following the publicity, although they are unable to replace a figure on the potential liability arising. The company has referred to the claims in a note to the financial statements stating that no provision has been made because the claims are not expected to be material.
3 marks
iii. Baaba Na Company (profit before tax Ghc 1,250,000)
The audit work revealed that a trade investment stated in the statement of financial position at Ghc 2,500,000 has suffered a permanent fall in value of Ghc 1,500,000. The company has refused to put an impairment charge through for it on the grounds that other investments (not held for resale) have risen in value and are stated at amount considerably below their realisable values.
3 marks
iv. Achah Martin (profit before tax Ghc 500,000)
This client is a furniture company, currently manufacturing for the local market using local materials and some of its own workforce. The labour cost has been included in the cost of a non-current asset in the statement of financial position at a value of Ghc 50,000. During the audit it was discovered that the direct labour cost records for the early parts of the year have been accidently destroyed.
3 marks
You are required to:
Discuss each of the cases outlined above, referring to materiality considerations and, where appropriate, relevant accounting principles and appropriate accounting standards, explaining the audit reporting implications in each case.
                   Total: 20 marks

In: Accounting

a) Modern Day Gospel Fellowship is a non-denominational charity organisation established in 2001. The charity’s aim...

a) Modern Day Gospel Fellowship is a non-denominational charity organisation
established in 2001. The charity’s aim is to provide support to children from disadvantaged
backgrounds. The support comes in two folds i.e. academic such as scholarships and related
academic activities and sports such as tennis, swimming and football. The aim is to provide
total well-being to humanity.
Modern Day Gospel Fellowship has detailed constitution which explains how the charity’s
income can be spent. The constitution also notes that the administration expenditure cannot
exceed 6% of annual income.
The charity’s income is derived wholly from voluntary donations which includes:
• Cash collected from public donations by volunteers.
• Cheques sent to the charity’s head office.
• Donation from generous individuals. Some of these donations have specific clauses
attached to them indicating that the initial amount donated (capital) cannot be spent.
However, the income (interest) from the donation can only be spent on specific
activities, for example, provision of sport equipment and scholarships.
• The rules regarding the taxation of charities in the country where Modern Day
Gospel Fellowship is based are complicated, with only certain expenditure being
allowable for taxation purposes and donations of capitals being treated as income
in some situations.
You are required to:
i. Identify areas of inherent risk in Modern Day Gospel Fellowship and explain
the effect of each of this risk on the audit approach.
5 marks
ii. Explain why the control environment may be weak at Modern Day Gospel
Fellowship.
3 marks
b) You work in a reputable audit firm and you are currently reviewing the working papers
of several audit assignments recently curried out by your audit firm. Each of the audit
engagement is nearing completion, but certain matters have recently come to light whichmay affect your audit opinion on each of the assignments. In each case, the year-end of the
company is 30 August 2019.
i. Mimie Company (Profit before tax Ghc 750,000)
On 6 September 2019 a letter was received informing the company that a customer,
who owed the company Ghc 150,000 as at the year-end had been declared bankrupt
on 30 August. At the time of the audit it was expected that unsecured creditors,
such as Mimie, would receive nothing in respect of this dept. The directors refuse
to change the financial statements to provide for the loss, on the grounds that the
notification was received by the statement of financial position date.
Total debts shown in the statement of financial position amounted to Ghc
2,375,000. 3 marks
ii. Kokuvi Company (Profit before tax Ghc 2,500,000)
On 20 July 2019 a customer sued the company for personal damages arising from
a defect in one of its products. Shortly before the year-end, the company made an
out-of-court settlement with the customer of Ghc 50,000, although this agreement
is not reflected in the financial statements. Further, the matter subsequently became
known to the press and was extensively reported. The company’s legal advisers
have now been informed that further claims have been received following the
publicity, although they are unable to replace a figure on the potential liability
arising. The company has referred to the claims in a note to the financial statements
stating that no provision has been made because the claims are not expected to be
material.
3 marks
iii. Baaba Na Company (profit before tax Ghc 1,250,000)
The audit work revealed that a trade investment stated in the statement of financial
position at Ghc 2,500,000 has suffered a permanent fall in value of Ghc 1,500,000.
The company has refused to put an impairment charge through for it on the grounds
that other investments (not held for resale) have risen in value and are stated at
amount considerably below their realisable values.
3 marks
iv. Achah Martin (profit before tax Ghc 500,000)This client is a furniture company, currently manufacturing for the local market
using local materials and some of its own workforce. The labour cost has been
included in the cost of a non-current asset in the statement of financial position at a
value of Ghc 50,000. During the audit it was discovered that the direct labour cost
records for the early parts of the year have been accidently destroyed.
3 marks
You are required to:
Discuss each of the cases outlined above, referring to materiality considerations
and, where appropriate, relevant accounting principles and appropriate accounting
standards, explaining the audit reporting implications in each case.

In: Accounting

CVP Analysis and Variable/Absorption Costing For this mini-case, you will be tasked with conducting some cost-volume-profit...

CVP Analysis and Variable/Absorption Costing

For this mini-case, you will be tasked with conducting some cost-volume-profit (and related) analysis, and will have an opportunity to practice communicating the results of that analysis in written form. You are always welcome to discuss general course material with classmates and others, but please be sure to complete this mini-case individually. Compile a document (PDF for the final output, please) with your responses and work, and submit it via Canvas by the deadline announced.

Kelly Kneppy owns a company that manufactures and sells camping equipment and outdoor gear. Kelly’s latest creation is the Bear-B-Gone, a tent constructed of Kevlar and reinforced steel mesh that could theoretically protect campers (who hadn’t followed appropriate food storage guidelines) from bear attacks. Kelly believes the Bear-B-Gone offers many of the same desirable features as other tents on the market, and that this extreme safety feature will make it one of the best-selling tents in short order.

Kelly can make the Bear-B-Gone with one of two available technologies. The first is a labor-intensive process, that if chosen will require $720,000 per year in fixed overhead costs, and the following in variable costs of production per unit: direct materials of $45, direct labor of $65, and overhead of $15. The second technology is a more automated (machine-dependent) process, that if chosen will require $1,540,000 per year in fixed overhead costs, and the following in variable costs of production: direct materials of $40 (savings due to less waste in the automated process), direct labor of $5, and overhead of $60. Kelly believes she can sell the tent for $175.

  1. What is Kelly’s break-even point in units (and sales dollars) with the labor-intensive production process? What is the break-even point in units (and sales dollars) with the more automated process?
  1. Which process is preferred if sales are expected to be 30,000 units? How about at 50,000 units? At what sales level would the two processes yield equivalent profit (round to the nearest whole unit)?
  1. Suppose possible sales are expected to range between 30,000 and 50,000 units as noted above, and that production will equal sales (no beginning/ending inventory). Which process has the greater range in profit? Why might this be a factor for Kelly to consider in making her decision?
  1. Assume sales were to fall at the midpoint of the projections above, 40,000 units. Following up to the previous question, under which process would you say Kelly’s profit is more sensitive to changes in demand (sales)? Why? Does this make one of the options strictly “better” than the other? Why or why not?
  1. Suppose Kelly decided to go with the labor-intensive process. Suppose also that, in the first year of operations, Kelly produces 70,000 tents and sells 55,000. What is the unit product cost of the tents under variable costing? Under absorption costing? Round to two decimal places as needed. If Kelly prepared GAAP-compliant financial statements in order to share with potential investors, would her “over” production make her appear more or less profitable (or no different) as compared to if production had been equal to sales at 55,000 units?

  1. What other factors might affect Kelly’s decision to focus on capital- vs. labor-intensive processes? To get you started, consider things from earlier in this class and outside of a strictly managerial accounting realm, such as taxes (or tax credits for certain business operations), product quality, and public perception (using employees vs. automation). To strengthen your response, you might wish to refer to a source or two from business or popular press that illustrates how the factor(s) you’re discussing affected a real organization in a positive or negative manner.

  1. Prepare a brief memo to Kelly, outlining your findings. You do not necessarily need to include all of the “numbers” you’ve calculated above, but you should include anything that you think would best convey the most important points of your analysis. Feel free to include components that aren’t part of the formal requirements in items #1-6, if you deem them critical.

In: Accounting