Question 8
The allele frequency of R is 0.8 and r is 0.2. If the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of heterozygotes?
| a. |
0.32 |
|
| b. |
0.26 |
|
| c. |
0.16 |
|
| d. |
0.48 |
Question 9
The transfer of an antibiotic resistant gene from one bacterial species to a different species is and example of
| A. |
genetic drift |
|
| B. |
exon shuffling |
|
| C. |
migration |
|
| D. |
horizontal gene transfer |
Question 10
The allele frequencies for a population are A = 0.6 and a = 0.4. Conditions change and fitness values are now AA = 0.3, Aa = 0.7 and aa = 1.0. What is the mean fitness of the population?
| A. |
0.4 |
|
| B. |
0.3 |
|
| C. |
0.7 |
|
| D. |
0.5 |
|
| E. |
0.6 |
In: Biology
Consider the same football situation as in the previous question, but now suppose the payoffs (probabilities of winning) are as given in the following normal form:
|
Defense |
|||
|
Defend Pass |
Defend Run |
||
|
Offense |
Pass |
0.2, 0.8 |
0.3, 0.7 |
|
Run |
0.5, 0.5 |
0.4, 0.6 |
|
Do any of the teams (the one playing defense or the one playing offense) has a dominant strategy? Which one? Explain why.
In: Economics
|
1. A restaurant wants to forecast its weekly sales. Historical data (in dollars) for 15 weeks are shown below.
MSE values based on the two- and three-period moving average are 33,931.58 and 31,048.14, respectively. Find the best single exponential smoothing model by evaluating the MSE from 0.1 to 0.9, in increments of 0.1. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places.
A. The model based on a smoothing constant of (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9) is the best. How does this model compare with the moving average models? B. The (single exponential smoothing, 2-period moving average, 3-period moving average) model has the lowest MSE value. |
In: Statistics and Probability
|
Time (minutes) |
no sugar |
glucose |
sucrose |
maltose |
lactose |
galactose |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
5 |
0 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.25 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
|
10 |
0 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.45 |
0.2 |
0.15 |
|
15 |
0 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.65 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
|
20 |
0 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.85 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
|
25 |
0 |
1.1 |
1 |
1.05 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
|
30 |
0 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.25 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
|
35 |
0 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
1.45 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
|
40 |
0 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
1.65 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
|
45 |
0 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
1.85 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
|
50 |
0 |
2.1 |
2 |
2.05 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
|
55 |
0 |
2.3 |
2.2 |
2.25 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
|
60 |
0 |
2.5 |
2.4 |
2.45 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
a) How does the rate of glucose consumption compare with the first experiment you did?
b) Do you think yeast is performing cellular respiration? Why or why not.
In: Biology
Structural engineers use wireless sensor networks to monitor the condition of dams and bridges. An article describes an experiment in which accelerometers were placed on the Golden Gate Bridge for the purpose of estimating vibration modes. For 18 vertical modes, the system was underdamped (damping ratio < 1). Following are the damping ratios and frequencies for those modes.
|
Damping Ratio |
Frequency (Hz) |
Damping Ratio |
Frequency (Hz) |
|
0.3 |
2.72 |
0.5 |
1.98 |
|
0.3 |
2.84 |
0.6 |
0.77 |
|
0.3 |
3.77 |
0.6 |
1.26 |
|
0.4 |
2.07 |
0.6 |
1.66 |
|
0.4 |
2.2 |
0.7 |
0.89 |
|
0.4 |
2.34 |
0.7 |
1 |
|
0.4 |
2.61 |
0.7 |
0.66 |
|
0.5 |
1.8 |
0.8 |
1.13 |
|
0.5 |
1.93 |
0.8 |
0.37 |
If two modes differ in damping ratio by 0.2, by how much would you predict their frequencies to differ? Round the answer to three decimal places.
Predict the frequency for modes with damping ratio 0.75. Round the answer to three decimal places.
Compute the least-squares line for predicting frequency from damping ratio. Round the answers to three decimal places.
Predict the frequency for modes with damping ratio 0.75. Round the answer to three decimal places.
In: Statistics and Probability
b) Interpret the coefficients in the estimated regression model of Sales on Csales. c) Before estimating the model, the manager claimed that for every 1 million increase in Csales, Sales go down by 2 million. Is there evidence from the estimated model that she was not correct? Answer by constructing an appropriate 95% confidence interval. d) What is the correlation between Sales and Csales?
|
Region |
Sales |
Advertising |
Promotions |
Csales |
||
|
Selkirk |
101.8 |
1.3 |
0.2 |
20.4 |
Csales=main competitor's sales |
|
|
Susquehanna |
44.4 |
0.7 |
0.2 |
30.5 |
Sales=sales of company's Nature -Bar |
|
|
Kittery |
108.3 |
1.4 |
0.3 |
24.6 |
||
|
Acton |
85.1 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
19.6 |
||
|
Finger Lakes |
77.1 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
25.5 |
||
|
Berkshires |
158.7 |
1.9 |
0.4 |
21.7 |
||
|
Central |
180.4 |
1.2 |
1 |
6.8 |
all variables are in millions of dollars |
|
|
Providence |
64.2 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
12.6 |
||
|
Nashua |
74.6 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
31.3 |
||
|
Dunster |
143.4 |
1.3 |
0.6 |
18.6 |
||
|
Endicott |
120.6 |
1.6 |
0.8 |
19.9 |
||
|
Five-Towns |
69.7 |
1 |
0.3 |
25.6 |
||
|
Waldeboro |
67.8 |
0.8 |
0.2 |
27.4 |
||
|
Jackson |
106.7 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
24.3 |
||
|
Stowe |
119.6 |
1.1 |
0.3 |
13.7 |
In: Statistics and Probability
ANT 120
Lab 1: The Forces of Evolution
There are four mechanisms that can lead to evolutionary change from one generation to the next: mutation, natural selection, gene flow, and genetic drift. In this laboratory exercise we will examine the action of genetic drift and natural selection. The key difference between these two mechanisms, which can be difficult to get a handle on without direct experimentation, is that natural selection privileges some individuals over others on the basis of their biological traits while genetic drift privileges some individuals over others with no regard to their biological traits.
Data Table for Genetic Drift Experiment
|
Frequency of black beetles (alleles) |
|||||||||||
|
Generation |
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
|
Round 1 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
|
Round 2 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Data Table for Natural Selection Experiment
|
Frequency of black beetles (alleles) |
|||||||||||
|
Generation |
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
|
Green Forest |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
|
Black dirt |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
10.0 |
10.0 |
10.0 |
10.0 |
10.0 |
10.0 |
Using the data, answer the questions on the other side of this sheet.
Questions
1. Compare the results from the genetic drift experiments to the natural selection experiments. Are there any clear differences in the results? If so, what is the reason for the differences?
2. In cases where one of the colors of beetle was eliminated, how could the allele for this color re-enter the population? Which forces of evolution would be required?
3. From these experiments, how might genetic drift and natural selection affect natural populations of organisms differently? If the population of beetles was 20,000 instead of 20 (and 10,000 survived each generation) how would this influence the effects of genetic drift vs. natural selection?
4. Is the outcome of genetic drift or natural selection more predictable? How might these different mechanisms of evolutionary change relate to functional traits of organisms?
In: Biology
ANT 120
Lab 1: The Forces of Evolution
There are four mechanisms that can lead to evolutionary change from one generation to the next: mutation, natural selection, gene flow, and genetic drift. In this laboratory exercise we will examine the action of genetic drift and natural selection. The key difference between these two mechanisms, which can be difficult to get a handle on without direct experimentation, is that natural selection privileges some individuals over others on the basis of their biological traits while genetic drift privileges some individuals over others with no regard to their biological traits.
Data Table for Genetic Drift Experiment
|
Frequency of black beetles (alleles) |
|||||||||||
|
Generation |
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
|
Round 1 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
|
Round 2 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Data Table for Natural Selection Experiment
|
Frequency of black beetles (alleles) |
|||||||||||
|
Generation |
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
|
Green Forest |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
|
Black dirt |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
10.0 |
10.0 |
10.0 |
10.0 |
10.0 |
10.0 |
After tabulating your data, answer the questions on the other side of this sheet.
Questions
Compare the results from the genetic drift experiments to the natural selection experiments. Are there any clear differences in the results? If so, what is the reason for the differences?
In cases where one of the colors of beetle was eliminated, how could the allele for this color re-enter the population? Which forces of evolution would be required?
From these experiments, how might genetic drift and natural selection affect natural populations of organisms differently? If the population of beetles was 20,000 instead of 20 (and 10,000 survived each generation) how would this influence the effects of genetic drift vs. natural selection?
Is the outcome of genetic drift or natural selection more predictable? How might these different mechanisms of evolutionary change relate to functional traits of organisms?
In: Biology
Probability Portfolio Market
0.1 0.3 0.1
0.2 0.4 0.7
0.5 0.3 0.3
0.2 0.1 0.2
risk free rate is 6%
1. how much would you invest in the market portfolio and risk free asset, if you were to maintain the same beta as this portfolio
2. did this portfolio exceed market expectation?
In: Finance
The following table contains annual returns for the stocks of ABC Corp. (ABC) and Company B (B). The returns are calculated using end-of-year prices (adjusted for dividends and stock splits). Use the information for ABC Corp. (ABC) and Company B (B) to create an Excel spreadsheet that calculates the average returns over the 10-year period for portfolios comprised of ABC and B using the following, respective, weightings: (1.0, 0.0), (0.9, 0.1), (0.8, 0.2), (0.7, 0.3), (0.6, 0.4), (0.5, 0.5), (0.4, 0.6), (0.3, 0.7), (0.2, 0.8), (0.1, 0.9), and (0.0, 1.0). The average annual returns over the 10-year period for ABC and B are 15.03% and 12.78% respectively. Also, calculate the portfolio standard deviation over the 10-year period associated with each portfolio composition. The standard deviation over the 10-year period for ABC Corp. and Company B and their correlation coefficient are 25.87%, 22.95%, and 0.84123 respectively.
(Hint: Review Table 5.2.)
Year ABC Corp. Company B
2005 -5.3 17.2
2006 1.1 -8.1
2007 -32.7 -26.7
2008 -10.3 -3.4
2009 30.9 10.7
2010 24.9 9.9
2011 22.7 5.2
2012 52.1 42.3
2013 37.8 41.5
2014 29.1 39.2
In: Finance