Read the article below and answer the questions (article should be 1 page, 11-point font). The article is provided via the link below

https://web.natur.cuni.cz/zoologie/biodiversity/prednasky/EvolucniGenetika/clanky_2016/Transgenerational-epig-inheritance-Science-2016.pdf

Primary Paper HW assignment guideline

Your primary paper consists of three parts:

1. In your own words, state the essential take-home message of the paper assigned.

--Here you should briefly mention what was known about this topic before this paper was published

--Then state what the aim/goal/purpose of this published study was. In other words, what did the authors set out to do?

--Also describe why this research is important (if you think it is important)/ what are the researchers hoping to contribute to the existing knowledge.

2. State how the authors demonstrated the essential point of the paper: what experiments and what methods they used to prove the point

--In this section, you should link how a particular approach/method was used to obtain a particular result and why it would be important/relevant. For example:

--Authors used method A to get/show result B. Result B is important because (it supports their original hypothesis in the following way/describe how/ or it provides novel findings regarding mechanism X

--Continue the bulleted list to correlate specific method with the specific result and how it supports the claims made in the paper.

3. Discuss the strengths and significance of the paper and also the weaknesses and indicate additional lines of investigation that you think would be worth pursuing that were opened up by the paper.

--Here I want you to critique the experimental approach and author’s conclusions, not their writing style or format of the paper. Also, keep in mind that these are primary research articles published in scientific journals, so they are intended for a scientific, not general audience. Hence the language could be a bit dense.

--I want you to be very specific here. Do not write general and vague statements. Instead, refer to specific data in the paper (in figure X, or table Y) and indicate any possible flaws or limitations of the experiment.

--Propose possible future directions or follow up studies. You can look up papers that cited this research or follow up on the last author’s subsequent research.

--Explain if this paper contributed anything new to the field and if it enables a better understanding of the subject.

Read the article (link is below) and answer the questions that follow in a paper format. (Paper has to be 1-page, 11-inch font- single-spaced). COPY THE BELOW LINK AND PASTE IN YOUR BROWSER.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1097276513001329

Primary Paper HW assignment guidelines

Your primary paper consists of three parts:

1. In your own words, state the essential take home message of the paper assigned.

-Here you should briefly mention what was known about this topic before this paper was published

-Then state what the aim/goal/purpose of this published study was. In other words, what did the authors set out to do?

-Also describe why this research is important (if you think it is important)/ what are the researchers hoping to contribute to the existing knowledge.

2. State how the authors demonstrated the essential point of the paper: what experiments and what methods they used to prove the point

-In this section you should link how a particular approach/method was used to obtain a particular result and why it would be important/relevant. For example:

-Authors used method A to get/show result B. Result B is important because (it supports their original hypothesis in the following way/describe how/ or it provides novel findings regarding mechanism X

-Continue the bulleted list to correlate specific method with specific result and how it supports the claims made in the paper.

3. Discuss the strengths and significance of the paper and also the weaknesses and indicate additional lines of investigation that you think would be worth pursuing that were opened up by the paper.

-Here I want you to critique the experimental approach and author’s conclusions, not their writing style or format of the paper. Also, keep in mind that these are primary research articles published in scientific journals, so they are intended for a scientific, not general audience. Hence the language could be a bit dense.

-I want you to be very specific here. Do not write general and vague statements. Instead, refer to specific data in the paper (in figure X, or table Y) and indicate any possible flaws or limitations of the experiment.

-Propose possible future directions or follow up studies. You can look up papers that cited this research or follow up on the last author’s subsequent research.

-Explain if this paper contributed anything new to the field and if it enabled better understanding of the subject

The Research and Development Clinic at your organazation has decided to open one weekend a month to accomidate more test subjects. This has caused a Work-Family Conflict on the team you manage.

Use one of the strategies to resolve it....

Accommodating – This is when you cooperate to a high-degree, and it may be at your own expense, and actually work against your own goals, objectives, and desired outcomes. This approach is effective when the other party is the expert or has a better solution. It can also be effective for preserving future relations with the other party.

Avoiding – This is when you simply avoid the issue. You aren’t helping the other party reach their goals, and you aren’t assertively pursuing your own. This works when the issue is trivial or when you have no chance of winning.   It can also be effective when the issue would be very costly. It’s also very effective when the atmosphere is emotionally charged and you need to create some space. Sometimes issues will resolve themselves, but “hope is not a strategy”, and, in general, avoiding is not a good long term strategy.

Collaborating – This is where you partner or pair up with the other party to achieve both of your goals. This is how you break free of the “win-lose” paradigm and seek the “win-win.” This can be effective for complex scenarios where you need to find a novel solution. This can also mean re-framing the challenge to create a bigger space and room for everybody’s ideas. The downside is that it requires a high-degree of trust and reaching a consensus can require a lot of time and effort to get everybody on board and to synthesize all the ideas.

Competing – This is the “win-lose” approach. You act in a very assertive way to achieve your goals, without seeking to cooperate with the other party, and it may be at the expense of the other party.    This approach may be appropriate for emergencies when time is of the essence, or when you need quick, decisive action, and people are aware of and support the approach.

Compromising – This is the “lose-lose” scenario where neither party really achieves what they want. This requires a moderate level of assertiveness and cooperation. It may be appropriate for scenarios where you need a temporary solution, or where both sides have equally important goals.   The trap is to fall into compromising as an easy way out, when collaborating would produce a better solution.

What strategies and styles will you use to ensure you have the right leadership to guide the organization?

Exercise 1:

Write an XML document describing the exercises in this document: the root element is <exercises>. The root has an attribute number that has value 1. The root element has three child elements; <date> that contains as text the date of the exercise, and two <item> elements for the first two exercises (1--2). Write some text in the <item> elements.

Exercise 2:

Write an XML document describing a person: name, occupation, address and hobbies. Please do not use your own information, you can use fake data. Decide on suitable element names and nesting. Check your document for well-formedness.

Exercise 3:

Draw a tree that represents the XML document you created in task 2.

Exercise 4:

This is the books.xml file

<?xml version='1.0'?>
<!-- This file represents a fragment of a book store inventory database -->
<bookstore>

<book genre="autobiography" publicationdate="1981" ISBN="1-861003-11-0">

<title>The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin</title>
<author>

<first-name>Benjamin</first-name>
<last-name>Franklin</last-name>

</author>

<price>8.99</price>

</book>

<book genre="novel" publicationdate="1967" ISBN="0-201-63361-2">

<title>The Confidence Man</title>

<author>

<first-name>Herman</first-name>
<last-name>Melville</last-name>

</author>

<price>11.99</price>

</book>

<book genre="philosophy" publicationdate="1991" ISBN="1-861001-57-6">

<title>The Gorgias</title>
<author>

<name>Plato</name>

</author>

<price>9.99</price>

</book>

</bookstore>

Using books.xml as a model, create a small xml file for a student's program of study form called programOfStudy.xml. It should capture the following data:

• In the Fall 2008 semester the student plans to take two classes to satisfy her General Education requirements, PHIL 101 to satisfy Goal 8 and ECON 201 to satisfy Goal 11. She also has to take one core course, MGT 217, and two major courses, CIS 120 and CIS 403.
• In the Spring 2009 semester she plans to take two additional core courses, MGT 261 and MKTG 325, as well as three major courses, CIS 220, CIS 407, and CIS 490.

Jordan is a construction contract company involved in building commercial properties. Its current policy for determining the percentage of completion of its contracts is based on the proportion of cost incurred to date compared to the total expected cost of the contract.
One of Jordan’s contracts has an agreed price of $250 million and estimated total costs of $200 million.

The cumulative progress of this contract is:
Year ended: 30 September 2011 30 September 2012
$million $million
Costs incurred 80 145
Work certified and billed 75 160
Billings received 70 150

Based on the above, Jordan prepared and published its financial statements for the year ended 30 September 2011. Relevant extracts are:

Statement of Profit and Loss
$million
Revenue (balance) 100
Cost of sales (80)
––––
Profit (50 x 80/200) 20
––––
Statement of financial position
$million
Current assets
Amounts due from customers
Contract costs to date 80
Profit recognised 20
––––
100
Progress billings (75)
––––
25
––––
Contract receivables (75 – 70) 5

Jordan has received some adverse publicity in the financial press for taking its profit too early in the contract process, leading to disappointing profits in the later stages of contracts. Most of Jordan’s competitors take profit based on the percentage of completion as determined by the work certified compared to the contract price.
Required:
(i)   Assuming Jordan changes its method of determining the percentage of completion of contracts to that used by its competitors, and that this would represent a change in an accounting estimate, calculate equivalent extracts to the above for the year ended 30 September 2012 (5marks)

(ii)   Explain the Criteria for Recognising Revenue from contract with customers. .

(iii)   Explain the difference between Revenue Recognition from construction contracts when The contract is profit making and when losses are probable.

Now the president is starting to get on your nerves. But, whaddayagonnado? He is the president. You just wish he wasn’t so demanding. Nevertheless, you press on. He has informed you that you need to aid in a decision regarding a new facility. There are 3 mutually exclusive locations being considered each with it’s own startup cost and projected cash flows as shown below:

The president has asked for a thorough analysis. Keeping in mind DWOTT’s cost of capital (use WACC above)(8.42%), what decision should be made regarding the projects above using each of the following tools:

What is each project's payback period and which would you choose?

Timbuktu:

Neverland:

Middle Earth:

Choice & Why?

What is each project's discounted payback period and which would you choose?

Timbuktu:

Neverland:

Middle Earth:

Choice & Why?

What is each project's net present value and which would you choose?

Timbuktu:

Neverland:

Middle Earth:

Choice & Why?

What is each project's internal rate of return and which would you choose?

Timbuktu:

Neverland:

Middle Earth:

Choice & Why?

What is each project’s modified internal rate of return and which would you choose?

Timbuktu:

Neverland:

Middle Earth:

Choice & Why?  

Considering the WACC and given the calculations above, which project do you prefer, and why?

10.I buy a limited-edition Jordan brand sneaker. What marketing technique am I probably responding to?

a. Stimulus

b. Authority

c. Scarcity

d. Internalization

e. None of the Above

11.If I used Listerine mouth wash every day, (unless I loved the taste), this would be an example of?

a. Ego- Defensive function

b. Conformity

c. Cooptation

d. Instrumental Conditioning

e. None of the Above

12. Max does not like Bud beer, but now he has changed his attitude. He now tells everyone that it is his favorite beer, which is just as well as his Fraternity brothers, who he admires greatly, have just announced Bud beer as being their “official” beer for 2020? This is most likely an example of?

a. Compensatory Decision Making

b. Vectoring

c. Internalization

d. Cooptation

e. None of the above

13. Max joins an Axe Throwing club rather than attacking his annoying neighbor with an axe. This is an example of?

a. Consumption Motive

b. Trait

c. Self -Actualization

d. Cognitive Dissonance

e. None of the Above

14. In the MultiAttribute Attitude model one of the key factors Marketers are trying to assess is?

a. How brand specific is the attitude hierarchy

b. If a consumer believes an attribute does not exist- how important do they rate it to be

c. The attribute advantages of the evoked set

d. Does an attribute also affect a subset of the model

e. None of the above

15. The Wall Street Journal tells me that I should buy gold right now, as much as I can. The tabloid press says absolutely not- to buy bitcoin instead. I am likely to believe one over the other based on what concept?

a. Reciprocity

b. Internalization

c. Instrumental Conditioning

d. Authority

e. None of the above

A researcher wants to investigate the usefulness of hypnotism for reducing levels of anxiety in individuals experiencing stress. He identifies 30 people at random from a group of 100 who have "high stress" jobs. The 30 people are divided into two separate groups. One group of 15 receive the hypnotism. The other group of 15 acts as the control group - they receive no hypnotism. The subjects in each group are then given an anxiety inventory. The results are in the table below, where a higher score means more anxiety.

Please answer all parts to the question

a. Calculate the degrees of freedom.

b. Calculate the difference between the means (M_Hypnotism - M_{No Hypnotism}).

c. Calculate Σχ for the Hypnotism Group.

d. Compute Σχ² for the Hypnotism Group.

e. Calculate Σχ for the No Hypnotism Group.

f. Calculate Σχ² for the No Hypnotism Group.

g. Calculate the Standard Error for this test. Round to two decimal places.

S(χ₁ – χ₂) = ?

f.Calculate the t observed value for this test. Round to two decimal places.

t = ?

g.What is the probability (p) of getting the difference between sample means if the null hypothesis were true? Use Oak Software (NOTE: make sure you input the correct df, select t to p, select the correct area for a left-tailed test, input the correct t value, then press Calculate.

p = ?

h. Based on the results of your analysis, what is your decision regarding the Null hypothesis?

I. Write you conclusion in terms of the effect of hypnotism on anxiety.

Now the president is starting to get on your nerves. But, whaddayagonnado? He is the president. You just wish he wasn’t so demanding. Nevertheless, you press on. He has informed you that you need to aid in a decision regarding a new facility. There are 3 mutually exclusive locations being considered each with it’s own startup cost and projected cash flows as shown below:

The president has asked for a thorough analysis. Keeping in mind DWOTT’s cost of capital (use WACC above)(8.57%), what decision should be made regarding the projects above using each of the following tools:

What is each project's payback period and which would you choose?

Timbuktu:

Neverland:

Middle Earth:

Choice & Why?

What is each project's discounted payback period and which would you choose?

Timbuktu:

Neverland:

Middle Earth:

Choice & Why?

What is each project's net present value and which would you choose?

Timbuktu:

Neverland:

Middle Earth:

Choice & Why?

What is each project's internal rate of return and which would you choose?

Timbuktu:

Neverland:

Middle Earth:

Choice & Why?

What is each project’s modified internal rate of return and which would you choose?

Timbuktu:

Neverland:

Middle Earth:

Choice & Why?

Considering the WACC and given the calculations above, which project do you prefer, and why?

Alexander Tziamalis in 2018 wrote, “One of the first things economics students learn about is Gross Domestic Product (GDP). GDP is also a central concept in many political debates, including Brexit. Will it rise? Will it fall? What effect will this have on our lives? Gross Domestic Product measures the total value of goods produced and services provided in a country, calculating the net value added by each economic “actor”. So if you produce a car sold for £10,000 but you bought parts and materials worth £8,000, then your contribution to the GDP is £2,000. GDP assesses the size of an economy as well as the incomes it generates and the pace at which it grows (or shrinks) over time. A new book by economics journalist David Pilling suggests that in some developing countries GDP has become a national obsession – and with good reason. A nation’s GDP can invite foreign investment, or scare it away. Even in developed economies, a failure to boost GDP yearly can have negative economic and political repercussions. But despite its wide use, there are problems with attaching so much importance to GDP….”   Similarly, when it comes to GDP Robert Kennedy in 1968 remarked that it “measures everything in short, except that which makes life worthwhile.” Critically assess the claims by Tziamalis and Kennedy that suggests that placing much emphasis on GDP seems to equally harm human welfare and the world.                                                                      [22 marks]

Many Ghanaians anxiously, were waiting for the Ghana’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) to announce a new Prime rate base on the current economic situation. Last Wednesday, the MPC at a press conference said they have decided to maintain the Prime rate of 18% for the rest of the year. Explain how such an action is expected to affect money supply in the country, holding everything constant?                                      [8 marks]