Suppose I own a store and am only interested in increasing the number of potential customers that enter my store. Further, I believe that advertising could influence how many people enter my establishment. Based on past experience with similar stores, I estimate the following relationship between the number of customers (C) and the amount of advertising (A) to be: C = 100 + 6A – A²/100.

a. Graph this function and describe (in economic terms!) the intercept and slope.

b. Does this functional form seem reasonable? Explain.

c. What level of advertising would maximize the number of customers entering my store? Show all your work and explain the economics behind the steps!

question 1

half life 27-32 hours

• Calculate how long it takes to eliminate 95% of a single dose of escitalopram from the body. Provide the range of values and the equation used.
• From the given pharmacokinetics parameter, explain which elimination model of escitalopram is likely to follow.

questionB

what is the mechanism of actions of escitalopram, and the affect escitalopram has on the structure of the target site

Identify the molecular target for escitalopram, and explain the full mechanism of action (including signalling) for escitalopram . identify the specific target receptors and structure of escitalopram and how it affect affects it target.

question C

what are thetheraputic use and adverse affects of escitalopram. Explain why this adverse effect occurs.

the pharmacokinetics of escitalopram

Rita Jekyll operates a sales booth in computer software trade shows, selling an accounting software package, Abacus. She purchases the package from a software company for $165 each. Booth space at the convention hall costs $13,000 per show.

Required

a. Sales at past trade shows have ranged between 400 and 600 software packages per show. Determine the average cost of sales per unit if Ms. Jekyll sells 400, 450, 500, 550, or 600 units of Abacus at a trade show. Use the following chart to organize your answer. Is the cost of booth space fixed or variable?

b. If Ms. Jekyll wants to earn a $50 profit on each package of software she sells at a trade show, what price must she charge at sales volumes of 400, 450, 500, 550, or 600 units?

c. Record the total cost of booth space if Ms. Jekyll attends three, four, five, six, or seven trade shows. Is the cost of booth space fixed or variable relative to the number of shows attended?

d. Ms. Jekyll provides decorative shopping bags to customers who purchase software packages. Some customers take the bags; others do not. Some customers stuff more than one software package into a single bag. The number of bags varies in relation to the number of units sold, but the relationship is not proportional. Assume that Ms. Jekyll uses $30 of bags for every 58 software packages sold. What is the additional cost per unit sold? Is the cost fixed or variable?

This semester, there are 259 professors at University A and 128 sent in midterm progress reports. Again, assume the professors at University A are representative of all professors.

(a) Construct a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of all professors who sent in midterm progress reports this semester, and then interpret it. Note: Remember that a confidence interval is made up of three components: pˆ, z, and n. You should have all the information you need to construct the interval.

(b) At CSU San Bernardino, they have 176 professors, of whom 74 sent in midterm progress reports for their students. Is the 95% confidence interval for CSU San Bernardino wider or smaller than the one for University A? Explain answer.

For its three investment centers, Gerrard Company accumulates the following data:

I II III

Sales $1,920,000 $4,013,000 $4,033,000

Controllable margin 833,510 2,486,510 4,083,400

Average operating assets 4,903,000 8,021,000 12,010,000

The centers expect the following changes in the next year: (I) increase sales 14%; (II) decrease controllable fixed costs $404,000; (III) decrease average operating assets $534,000.

Compute the expected return on investment (ROI) for each center. Assume center has a contribution margin percentage of 74%. (Round ROI to 1 decimal place, e.g. 1.5.)

A company manufactures printers and fax machines at plants located in Atlanta, Dallas, and Seattle. To measure how much employees at these plants know about quality management, a random sample of 6 employees was selected from each plant and the employees selected were given a quality awareness examination. The examination scores for these 18 employees are shown in the following table. The sample means, sample variances, and sample standard deviations for each group are also provided. Managers want to use these data to test the hypothesis that the mean examination score is the same for all three plants.

Set up the ANOVA table for these data. (Round your values for MSE and F to two decimal places, and your p-value to four decimal places.)

Test for any significant difference in the mean examination score for the three plants. Use

α = 0.05.

H₀: μ₁ = μ₂ = μ₃
H_a: Not all the population means are equal.

Find the value of the test statistic. (Round your answer to two decimal places.)

Find the p-value. (Round your answer to four decimal places.)

Please explain how to solve using Excel.

EXPERIMENT ONE

On a standard test of attention span in children, Dr. Niederjohn wants to know whether attention span is different in children who play video games extensively.  He selects a sample of children who regularly play video games and those who do not and obtains the following attention-span data:

1. Give the M and SD for each group:

2. Using SPSS compute the appropriate test. Paste SPSS output here.

EXPERIMENT TWO

Dr. Marek wants to replicate the previous study. She selects a different sample of children who regularly play video games and those who do not and obtains the following attention-span data:

3. Give the Mand SDfor each group:

4. The difference between the means in experiment 1 is the same asthe difference between the means in experiment 2.

5. The variability in experiment 1 is less thanthe variability in experiment 2.

6a. Given your answer to numbers 4 and 5, the results of EXPERIMENT TWOare less likely

to be significant compared to the results of EXPERIMENT ONE?  

6b. Why? How will the numerator and denominator of the t-obtained formula be affected by the answers to questions 4 and 5? Note: you will be graded in part on the clarity of your answer. When you make comparisons between the two experiments, clearly identify which experiment you are referring to.

7. Using SPSS compute the appropriate test. Paste SPSS output here.

With alpha set at .05, write a conclusion of the findings.

Be sure to report the appropriate statistic in APA style.   

EXPERIMENT THREE

Dr. Ziegler wants to replicate the previous study once again.  She selects a different sample of children who regularly play video games and those who do not and obtains the following attention-span data:

8. Give the Mand SDfor each group.

9. The difference between the means in experiment 1 is _________ the difference between the means in experiment 3.

less than

greater than

the same as

10. The variability in experiment 1 is _________ the variability in experiment 3.

less than

greater than

the same as

11a. Given your answer to numbers 9 and 10, the results of EXPERIMENT THREEare _________ to be significant compared to the results of EXPERIMENT ONE?  

a.less likely

b.more likely

c.equally likely

11b. Why? How will the numerator and denominator of the t-obtained formula be affected by the answers to questions 9 and 10? Note: you will be graded in part on the clarity of your answer. When you make comparisons between the two experiments, clearly identify which experiment you are referring to.

12. The difference between the means in experiment 2 is _________ the difference between the means in experiment 3.

less than

greater than

the same as

13. The variability in experiment 2 is _________ the variability in experiment 3.

less than

greater than

the same as

14a. Given your answer to numbers 12 and 13, the results of EXPERIMENT THREEare _________ to be significant compared to the results of EXPERIMENT TWO?  

a.less likely

b.more likely

c.equally likely

14b. Why? How will the numerator and denominator of the t-obtained formula be affected by the answers to questions 12 and 13? Note: you will be graded in part on the clarity of your answer. When you make comparisons between the two experiments, clearly identify which experiment you are referring to.

15. Using SPSS compute the appropriate test. Paste SPSS output here.

With alpha set at .05, write a conclusion of the findings.

Be sure to report the appropriate statistic in APA style.   

Answer the questions that immediately follow the case study.

Lam Research Buys Novellus Systems to Consolidate Industry.

Highly complex electronic devices such as smartphones and digital cameras have become ubiquitous in our everyday lives. These devices are powered by sets of instructions encoded on wafers of silicon called semiconductor chips (semiconductors). Consumer and business demands for increasingly sophisticated functionality for smartphones and cloud computing technologies require the ongoing improvement of both the speed and the capability of semiconductors. This, in turn, places huge demands on the makers of equipment used in the chip-manufacturing process.

To stay competitive, makers of equipment used to manufacture semiconductor chips were compelled to increase R&D spending sharply. Chip manufacturers resisted paying higher prices for equipment because their customers, such as PC and cellphone handset makers, were facing declining selling prices for their products. Chip equipment manufacturers were unable to recover the higher R&D spending through increased selling prices. The resulting erosion in profitability due to increasing R&D spending was compounded by the onset of the 2008–2009 global recession.

The industry responded with increased consolidation in an attempt to cut costs, firm product pricing, and gain access to new technologies. Industry consolidation began among chip manufacturers and later spurred suppliers to combine. In February 2011, chipmaker Texas Instruments bought competitor National Semiconductor for $6.5 billion. Three months later, Applied Materials, the largest semiconductor chip equipment manufacturer, bought Varian Semiconductor Equipment Associates for $4.9 billion to gain access to new technology. On December 21, 2011, Lam Research Corporation (Lam) agreed to buy rival Novellus Systems Inc. (Novellus) for $3.3 billion. Lam anticipates annual cost savings of $100 million by the end of 2013 due to the elimination of overlapping overhead.

Under the terms of the deal, Lam agreed to acquire Novellus in a share exchange in which Novellus shareholders would receive 1.125 shares of Lam common stock for each Novellus share. The deal represented a 28% premium over the closing price of Novellus’s shares on the day prior to the deal’s public announcement. At closing, Lam shareholders owned about 51% of the combined firms, with Novellus shareholders controlling the rest.

In comparison to earlier industry buyouts, the purchase seemed like a good deal for Lam’s shareholders. At 2.3 times Novellus’s annual revenue, the purchase price was almost one-half the 4.5 multiple paid by industry leader Applied Materials for Variant in May 2011. The purchase premium paid by Lam was one-half of that paid for comparable transactions between 2006 and 2010. Yet Lam shares closed down 4%, and Novellus’ shares closed up 28% on the announcement date.

Lam and Novellus produce equipment that works at different stages of the semiconductor-manufacturing process, making their products complementary. After the merger, Lam’s product line would be considerably broader, covering more of the semiconductor-manufacturing process. Semiconductor-chip manufacturers are inclined to buy equipment from the same supplier due to the likelihood that the equipment will be compatible. Lam also is seeking access to cutting-edge technology and improved efficiency. Technology exchange between the two firms is expected to help the combined firms to develop the equipment necessary to support the next generation of advanced semiconductors.

Customers of the two firms include such chip makers as Intel and Samsung. By selling complementary products, the firms have significant cross-selling opportunities as equipment suppliers to all 10 chip makers globally. Together, Lam and Novellus are able to gain revenue faster than they could individually by packaging their equipment and by developing their technologies in combination to ensure they work together. Lam has greater penetration with Samsung and Novellus with Intel.

Lam also stated on the transaction announcement date that a $1.6 billion share repurchase program would be implemented within 12 months following closing. The buyback allows shareholders to sell some of their shares for cash such that, following completion of the buyback, the deal could resemble a half-stock, half-cash deal, depending on how many shareholders tender their shares during the buyback program. The share repurchase will be funded out of the firms’ combined cash balances and cash flow. Structuring the deal as an all-stock purchase at closing allows Novellus shareholders to have a tax-free deal.^[1]

Discussion Questions:

1. Why did Lam’s shares close down 4 percent on the news? Why did Novellus’ shares close up 28 percent?

2. Speculate why Lam used stock rather than some other form of payment?

3. Describe how market pressures on semiconductor manufacturers’ impact chip equipment manufacturers and how this merger will help Lam and Novellus better serve their customers in the future.

4. How do the high fixed costs in the highly cyclical chip equipment manufacturing industry encourage consolidation?

5. Is this deal a merger or a consolidation from a legal standpoint?

6. Is this deal a horizontal or vertical transaction? What is the significance of this distinction?

7. What are the motives for the deal? Discuss the logic underlying each motive you identify.

8. How are Lam and Novellus similar and how are they different? In what way will their similarities and differences help or hurt the long-term success of the merger?

9. Speculate as to why Lam announced a $1.6 billion share repurchase program at the same time it announced the deal.

10. Do you believe this deal would help or hurt competition among semiconductor chip equipment manufacturers?

Green and Green (2004) discuss changes in Canadian immigration policy.

1.  How did the power to set immigration policy change in 1910? Name an advantage and a disadvantage.

2.  How did immigration change in the 1930’s? Was the change based on a long-term view, or a short term view?

Patient History

History: PAD (2004); Arterial Ulcer (2020); Smoker since 1990

Complaints: Pain to left foot and difficulty walking

•Based on the history and complaints, which body system (s) is/are being compromised?*

3 Nursing Diagnoses

3 Nursing Interventions

3 Patient Intervention