The Supreme Court ruled that Eastman Kodak Company must stand trial in an antitrust suit that has important implications for the ability of manufacturers to control the markets for the parts and servicing of the products they make. Independent servicing companies that sell replacement parts and service for Kodak's line of sophisticated business machines contend that Kodak was trying to force them out of business by restricting their access to replacement parts and by trying to insure that customers for its business machines either service the machines themselves or buy service directly from Kodak. The service companies' lawsuit accused Kodak of two violations of the Sherman Antitrust Act: unlawfully tying the sales of service for Kodak machines to the sale of parts, and unlawfully trying to monopolize the market for service. Kodak controls nearly the entire market for its replacement parts -- which are not interchangeable with the parts for other manufacturers' machines -- and between 80 and 95-percent of the service market. But it has only about a 20-percent share of the overall market for the machines at issue in the case: high volume copiers and equipment used for microfilm and microfiche. There is significant competition in that market with Kodak having a smaller market share than IBM and Xerox. Kodak contended that it could not be found to be exercising monopoly power in the parts and service market in the absence of market power in sales and basic equipment. It asked the Court to adopt a rule that a parts and service business cannot be considered a monopoly as long as there is competition in the sales and manufacture of the machines. Kodak also asked the Court to rule that the market for a single brand of a product or service -- such as its own replacement parts -- can never be a "market" for assessing monopoly behavior under the Sherman Act. The company said its power in the parts market should be judged not by the fact that it controlled nearly 100-percent of the market for its own parts, but by the much smaller portion it controlled of the market for parts of all the competing machines. (New York Times, June 9, 1992, p. C1)

(a) Carefully explain in what "market" Kodak has a monopoly given that it does not have a significant share of the primary market in which it sells its basic equipment. If Kodak required purchasers of its equipment to agree to purchase Kodak servicing at the time the equipment was purchased, how would your monopoly argument be affected? Note that Kodak charges more for servicing than the independent servicing companies.

(b) Assuming that the basic equipment market is competitive, explain under what conditions Kodak's restrictive policy with respect to exclusive servicing would not be a monopolizing restraint. That is, would competition in the servicing of a durable producer good imply a jointly nonoptimal outcome for the buyer and manufacturer of the durable good?

[Research Problem 1]

Facts:

Jason is a promising left-handed pitcher for the KIU baseball team. he has been drafted by the Chicago Cups. In 2018, he is offered two separate contracts by the Cubs. The first contract provides that he will be paid $1,000,000 as a bonus in 2018. The second provides that the Cubs will transfer $1,000,000 into a bank account in his name for withdrawal no earlier than 2020. He will also be paid the market rate of interest upon payment of the $1,000,000 in 2020. Laser accepts the second contract.

Tax Issues:

Is the $1,000,000 payable to Laser in 2020 taxable to Loser and, if so, in what year?

Tax Sources:

Memo (Analysis & Conclusion):

Explanation:

[Research Problem 2]

Facts:

Emily has been charged with failure to file her 2017 federal Form 1040. As such, she has come to your office to seek your assistance. She wants to file her 2017 Form 1040 but believes the "reasonable cause" exception should apply. She was under a great deal of stress at work and her in personal life during the 2018 filing season. As a result, Emily developed a sleep disorder which was treated with a combination of pills and counseling.

You prepare Emily 2017 Form 1040. She agrees to pay the tax and related interest but insists the failure-to-pay penalty does not apply as she will ill. She feels she should not be expected to meet the usual deadline for filing since she was ill.

Tax Issues:

Please write letter to Emily explaining whether she will be required to pay the failure-to pay penalties or whether she meets the criteria to be exempted from the penalty. Write memo to the tax files supporting your conclusion.

Tax Sources:

Letter to Emily:

Memo:

[Research Problem 3]

Facts:

Your client, Jackie, has been accused of criminal tax fraud. Jackie dropped out of high school during her freshman year. Over the past several years she received hundreds of thousands of dollars from Sam, an elderly gentleman, in exchange for love and companionship. When Sam died and she was left out of the will, Jackie sued the estate for compensatory payments earned throughout her years of tending to Sam.

Tax Issues:

The government now accuses Jackie of fraud for failing to file income and self-employment tax returns for the open tax years. Please provide any defense Jackie may have against the fraud charges.

Tax Sources:

Tax Analysis and Conclusion:

Rules of Evidence

1. Under the rules of evidence, a judge may exclude relevant evidence for a variety of reasons. Which of the following is a situation where a judge can refuse to admit relevant evidence?
   1. The evidence is unduly prejudicial
   2. The evidence is hypothetical
   3. The evidence might be offensive
   4. The evidence is narrative
2. ________________ is defined as anything perceptible by the fives senses and any proof legally presented at trial to prove a contested issue and induce a belief in the mind of the jury.
   1. Testimony
   2. Point of law
   3. Evidence
   4. Hearsay
3. Evidence that proves or disproves facts in issue indirectly, by inference, is called:
   1. Circumstantial evidence
   2. Direct evidence
   3. Relevant evidence
   4. Demonstrative evidence
4. An attorney may impeach an opposing party’s witness by showing/proving that the witness:
   1. Has been convicted of a misdemeanor
   2. Made prior consistence statements
   3. Has a reputation for truthfulness
   4. Is influenced by bias or self-interest
5. ________________ refers to a document or process that memorializes who has had possession of an object and what they have done with it.
   1. Authenticity
   2. Chain of custody
   3. Forensic examination form
   4. Litigation hold
6. Harris is retained by legal counsel to provide an opinion involving specialized knowledge in the accounting field for a jury trial. Which of the following best describes his role.
   1. A fact witness
   2. A counseling expert
   3. A non-adversarial witness
   4. An expert witness
7. Evidence that tends to make some fact in issue more or less likely than it would be without the evidence is called:
   1. Relevant evidence
   2. Authenticated evidence
   3. Direct evidence
   4. Real evidence
8. The exclusionary rule:
   1. Prohibits a party from testifying about the contents of a document without producing the document itself
   2. Refers to the warnings advising suspects that they have the right not to answer questions and the right to legal counsel during interrogations
   3. Provides that, if the government violates an individual’s constitutional rights during a criminal investigation, it cannot prosecute the person whose rights were violated.
   4. Provides that, if the evidence is unconstitutionally seized, that evidence cannot be used in a criminal prosecution against the person whose rights were violate

Evaluating Deception

1. Black, a Certified Fraud Examiner, is interviewing a person whose honesty and truthfulness is unknown. Which of the following responses to a question by Black does NOT indicate a deceptive answer?
   1. “Please repeat the question.”
   2. “Let me see, now.”
   3. Why would I do that?”
   4. “I didn’t do it.”
2. Which of the following is likely to produce the most reliable behavioral symptoms?
   1. Mentally unstable subjects
   2. Juvenile subjects
   3. Highly intelligent subjects
   4. Subjects under the influence of drugs
3. Which is the most likely to be the answer of an honest person when accused of a wrongdoing?
   1. “I’m sorry, sir, but I didn’t do it.”
   2. “No!”
   3. “I didn’t take the $400,000 on March 15
   4. “But I couldn’t have don’t it. I don’t have necessary access.”

This lab is designed to design an event driven animation application which JavaFX application implementing a racing car image. The car moves from left to right. When it hits the right end, it restarts from the left and continues the same process. Let the user pause/resume the animation with a button press/release and increase/decrease the car speed by pressing the up and down arrow keys.

The car used for this application has the following attributes.

Task(s)
Task 1: Create a JavaFX application called ‘CarRacing’.

Task 2A: Create a class called ‘CarPane’ which extends ‘Pane’, which defines the attributes of the car. The class will have multiple instance variables, which will be tied to width and height of the pane. If the window
private double paneWidth = 200; // Width of the pane
private double paneHeight = 200; // Height of the pane
private double baseX = 0; // Initial X placement of Car
private double baseY = paneHeight; // Initial y placement of Car
private Circle c1 = new Circle(baseX+15, baseY-5, 5); // Placement of first wheel
private Circle c2 = new Circle(baseX+35, baseY-5, 5); // Placement of second wheel
private Rectangle carBody = new Rectangle( baseX, baseY-20, 50, 10); // Car body
private Polygon carTop = new Polygon( baseX+10, baseY-20, // Car top
baseX+20, baseY-30, baseX+30, baseY-30,
baseX+40, baseY-20);   

Task 2B: Define a constructor which sets the color and places the tires, the body and the top on the pane
public CarPane()
{
carBody.setFill( Color.CYAN );
carTop.setFill( Color.BLUE );
this.getChildren().addAll( c1, c2, carBody, carTop );
}

Task 2C: Define a CarPane method called setValues(), which clears the previous painting of the car and re-paints the car with the newest position.
public void setValues()
{
c1.setCenterX( baseX+15 );
c1.setCenterY( baseY-5 );
c2.setCenterX( baseX+35 );
c2.setCenterY( baseY-5 );
  
carBody.setX( baseX );
carBody.setY( baseY-20 );
  
carTop.getPoints().clear();
carTop.getPoints().addAll( baseX+10, baseY-20,
baseX+20, baseY-30, baseX+30, baseY-30,
baseX+40, baseY-20);   
}

Task 3: Create a new Pane, along with a scene. Run the application which should paint the pane with the automobile in the lower left hand position. Try resizing the window, the car should maintain its position.
// Create a new CarPane
CarPane car = new CarPane();
  
// Create a scene and place it in the stage
Scene scene = new Scene(car, 200, 200);
primaryStage.setTitle("Racing Car"); // Set the stage title
primaryStage.setScene(scene); // Place the scene in the stage
primaryStage.show(); // Display the stage

Task 4: Create an animation, which initializes the animation, sets the timeline cycle and starts the animation.
Timeline animation = new Timeline( new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(100), e->car.move()));
animation.setCycleCount( Timeline.INDEFINITE );
animation.play(); // Start animation
The animation properties calls a method called move, which must be defined in your car class. The move method should compare the current baseX position against the paneWidth. If baseX gets to the end of the current window, it should reset the baseX position to the beginning of the window.
public void move()
{
if ( baseX > paneWidth )
{
baseX = -20;
}
else
{
baseX += 1;
}
setValues();
}
Rerun the application, the car will now start moving. If you make the window wider, the car will still restart after it reaches the initial pane width.

Task 5: To properly update the paneHeight and paneWidth when the window is resized, you must provide addListener methods for both the height and width.
scene.widthProperty().addListener( e->car.setW( car.getWidth()));
scene.heightProperty().addListener( e->car.setH( car.getHeight()));

The setW and setH methods need to be defined in the car class, which will reset the paneWidth and paneHeight.
public void setW( double newWidth )
{
this.paneWidth = newWidth;
setValues();
}
  
public void setH( double newHeight )
{
this.paneHeight = newHeight;
setValues();
}
Rerun the application. Resize the window, the car will now go to the end of the window before starting over.

Task 6: To pause the animation, we need to monitor the mouse press. Add the following commands to the Start method.
  
car.setOnMousePressed( e->animation.pause());
car.setOnMouseReleased( e->animation.play());
Rerun the application. Press the mouse key, the animation should stop. Release the mouse key, the animation should resume.

Task 7: Implement a keyboard handler to determine if the user presses the UP or DOWN keys. If the UP key is pressed, the animation rate will be increased. If the DOWN key is pressed, the animation rate will be decreased.
car.requestFocus();
car.setOnKeyPressed(e ->
{
switch( e.getCode())
{
case UP:
animation.setRate( animation.getRate()+1 );
break;
case DOWN:
animation.setRate( animation.getRate()-1 );
break;
}};

Task 8: Implement new key handlers for LEFT and RIGHT keys. The LEFT key should decrease the baseY coordinates of the car so it gets higher on the screen. The RIGHT key should increase the baseY coordinates of the car so it gets lower on the screen. Create a setCarH() parameter that increases or decreases the baseY parameter by 10. Ensure that the car does not go out of bounds of the window.

Task 9: Implement a new key hander for the HOME key. The HOME key will reset the baseX parameter to 0 so the car starts over at the initial position. Create a resetCarW() method in the car class.

This lab is worth 20 points
To receive credit for this module’s lab, you must provide:
⦁   Final RacingCar application source code from Task 9 [RacingCar.java]

I did the complete programming in python , just want to use tkinter for GUI. please look at the 2nd part . i did some part of this program using tkinter but could not finis it. Thank you.

import random

image = 'w'
# modified functions which accepts two numbers each and returns the respective
# output
def add(a, b):
    return a + b

def subtract(a, b):
    return a - b

def multiply(a, b):
    return a * b



def kidCalc():
    a = random.randint(0, 9)
    b = random.randint(0, 9)

    print("0. Exit")
    print("1. Add")
    print("2. Subtract")
    print("3. Multiply")
    choice = int(input("Enter choice: "))
    cnt = 0  # To hold number of tries
    if choice == 1:
        while True:
            print(" what do you think the sum of these two numbers are? ", a, " + ", b)
            print("This is how it looks viually", a * image, "+ ", b * image)

            sum = input()
            answer = int(sum)
            if answer == add(a, b):
                print("Perfect, the answer is correct...")
                cont = input("\nIf you want to solve another question then press 1. If not then any other key ")
                if cont == "1":
                    a = random.randint(0, 9)
                    b = random.randint(0, 9)
                    cnt = 0
                    continue
                else:
                    break

            elif answer != add(a, b):
                print("I am sorry, your answer is wrong Sean,Please Try again:")
                # Incrementing count
                cnt = cnt + 1
                # Checking count
                if cnt == 3:
                    # Prompting for next try
                    ans = input("\nMax number of tries reached. Do you want to try another question or quit? (T/Q): ")
                    # Checking answer
                    if ans.upper() == "T":
                        a = random.randint(0, 9)
                        b = random.randint(0, 9)
                        continue
                    else:
                        print('Bye!')
                        break

                else:
                    continue

    if choice == 2:
        while True:
            print(" what do you think the sum of these two numbers are? ", a, " - ", b)
            print("This is how it looks viually", a * image, "- ", b * image)

            sub = input()
            answer = int(sub)
            if answer == subtract(a, b):
                print("Perfect, the answer is correct...")
                cont = input("\nIf you want to solve another question then press 1. If not then any other key ")
                if cont == "1":
                    a = random.randint(0, 9)
                    b = random.randint(0, 9)
                    cnt = 0
                    continue
                else:
                    break

            elif answer != subtract(a, b):
                print("I am sorry, your answer is wrong Sean,Please Try again:")
                # Incrementing count
                cnt = cnt + 1
                # Checking count
                if cnt == 3:
                    # Prompting for next try
                    ans = input("\nMax number of tries reached. Do you want to try another question or quit? (T/Q): ")
                    # Checking answer
                    if ans.upper() == "T":
                        a = random.randint(0, 9)
                        b = random.randint(0, 9)
                        continue
                    else:
                        print('Bye!')
                        break

                else:
                    continue
    if choice == 3:
        while True:
            print(" what do you think the sum of these two numbers are? ", a, " - ", b)
            print("This is how it looks viually", a * image, "- ", b * image)

            mult = input()
            answer = int(mult)
            if answer == multiply(a, b):
                print("Perfect, the answer is correct...")
                cont = input("\nIf you want to solve another question then press 1. If not then any other key ")
                if cont == "1":
                    a = random.randint(0, 9)
                    b = random.randint(0, 9)
                    cnt = 0
                    continue
                else:
                    break

            elif answer != multiply(a, b):
                print("I am sorry, your answer is wrong Sean,Please Try again:")
                # Incrementing count
                cnt = cnt + 1
                # Checking count
                if cnt == 3:
                    # Prompting for next try
                    ans = input("\nMax number of tries reached. Do you want to try another question or quit? (T/Q): ")
                    # Checking answer
                    if ans.upper() == "T":
                        a = random.randint(0, 9)
                        b = random.randint(0, 9)
                        continue
                    else:
                        print('Bye!')
                        break

                else:
                    continue

kidCalc()

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

from tkinter import *
import random

# FUNCTION
def calc_For_Kids():
    # create the tk
    var1 = Tk()
    var1.title("Kitty Calculator")
    var1.geometry('450x450')
    # generate the two numbers
    numb1 = random.randint(0, 9)
    numb2 = random.randint(0, 9)

    # ask usr for sum
    temp = ("what do you think the sum of these two number is : " + str(numb1) + "+" + str(numb2))

    # label
    qLabel = Label(var1, text=temp)
    qLabel.grid(row=0, column=0)

    qLabel1 = Label(var1, text="")
    qLabel1.grid(row=1, column=0)

    userEntry = Entry(var1)
    userEntry.grid(row=2, column=0)

    qLabel4 = Label(var1, text="")

    # function for checking the result
    def func():
        textEntered = int(userEntry.get())
        if ((numb1 + numb2) == textEntered):
            qLabel4.configure(text="Perfect, the answer is correct:")

        else:
            qLabel4.configure(text="i am so sorry , your answer is wrong kitto: Try again : ")

    # label for spacing
    qLabel2 = Label(var1, text="")
    qLabel2.grid(row=3, column=0)

    ok_Button = Button(var1, text="OK", command=func)
    ok_Button.grid(row=4, column=0, columnspan=2)

    qLabel3 = Label(var1, text="")
    qLabel3.grid(row=5, column=0)

    # label for result
    qLabel4.grid(row=6, column=0)

    qLabel5 = Label(var1, text="")
    qLabel5.grid(row=7, column=0)

    var1.mainloop()


# PROGRAM EXECUTION STARTS HERE
calc_For_Kids()

Case Study #1 -- Discharge For Whistleblower Activity

Janet Broom and Darla Miller were employed as certified medication aide and cook, respectively, at the employer's residential care facility located in Norman, Oklahoma. Both employees suspected another employee of stealing and using drugs, intended for use by residents of the faculty, from the facility’s medication room. Broom and Miller decided to report the suspected employee based on their observation that she had falsified medical drug log books to conceal her theft from facility managers.

The facility’s Employee Handbook clearly outlined a procedure employees were to follow when making complaints involving other employees. The Employee Handbook called for the initial complaint to be filed with the accused employee’s immediate supervisor. Because the two employees making the complaint believed that the immediate supervisor in this case, Sarah Dutton, was a close personal friend of the accused, Broom and Miller chose to make their complaint to another manage, who was the medication consultant at the faculty.

Upon learning of the complaint from medication consultant, supervisor Dutton discharged Broom and Miller for “not following the proper chain of command in raising an issue about another employee”. Both Broom and Miller are nonunion employees unrepresented by a union. After being discharged, Broom and Miller’s only recourse was to file a wrongful discharge state court claim, arguing that they were engaged in internal whistle blowing activity and thus protected from discharge as a matter of Oklahoma public policy.

The employer argued that Broom and Miller were subject to the Oklahoma common law employment-at-will doctrine, which permits an employer to discharge an at-will employee at any time for any or no stated reason. The employer sought and received a summary judgment in the state district court declaring Broom and Miller’s discharge to be lawful under the state’s common law, employment-at-will doctrine.

Broom and Miller appealed the state district court’s decision to federal Court of Appeals, seeking to reverse the district court’s decision.

In Groce v. Foster, 880 P.2d902 (Okla. 1994), the Oklahoma Supreme Court recognized five types of public policy exceptions to the common law, employment-at-will doctrine. Under Oklahoma law, an at-will employee may not be lawfully discharged for (1) refusing to participate in an illegal activity, (2) performing an important public service (e.g. jury duty), (3) exercising a legal right or interest of the employee, (4) exposing some wrongdoing by his or her employer, and (5) performing an act that public policy wou7ld discourage, when the discharge action is coupled with showing of bad faith, malice, or retaliation.

Broom and Miller argued that their discharge fell under the fifth public policy exception to the employment-at-will doctrine. By reporting to management a co-worker who they honestly believed was engaged in stealing drugs intended for administration to residents of the facility, Broom and Miller believed they were engaging in conduct that Oklahoma public policy encourages.

The Oklahoma Supreme Court mandates that to be recognized and enforced, public policy exceptions must be clearly stated in state constitutional, regulatory, or case decision law. To that end, Broom and Miller cited three statutory laws that they believed provided a clear statement of public policy supporting their action.

The first law is the Nursing Home Care Act, which governs safeguards and procedures for the storage, safekeeping, monitoring, dispensing, and, when necessary, destruction of patient prescription drugs. The employer argued that the act specifically applies only to licensed nursing homes operating within the state. The employer’s facility is licensed as a residential care facility and thus is excluded from coverage under Nursing Home Care Act. The state of Oklahoma grants operating licenses for several different types of eldercare facilities, including nursing homes, assisted living homes, and residential care facilities.

The second law is the Residential Care Act, which the employers admitted does apply to the facility in this case. Broom and Miller noted that the law authorizes the Oklahoma State Department of Health to “develop and enforce rules and regulations…to implement the provisions shall include but not be limited to governing temperature limits, lighting, ventilation, and other physical conditions which shall protect the health, safety, and welfare of the residents in the home.” The employer argued that Broom and Miller did not raise the issue of the Residential Care Act’s applicability to their case when the case was before the district court and therefore could not legally raise it as a supporting argument on appeal. It not clearly presented and considered at a prior legal proceeding cannot be subsequently raised as a legal basis for argument on appeal. The employer also noted that the language referred to Broom and Miller in the Residential Care Act is very general and not specific enough to rise to the level of a clear statement of public policy supporting intent to make an exception to the prevailing Oklahoma employment-at-will doctrine.

The third law cited by Broom and Miller as a basis for their appeal is the Uniform Controlled Dangerous Substances Act. Although this law does make it criminal offense to steal a controlled dangerous substance, Broom and Miller made no specific argument as to how this law established a clear mandate of public policy applicable to their discharge case. The employer argued that Broom and Miller again failed to meet the required showing of a clear and compelling public policy in favor of restricting an employer’s right to discharge an at-will employee for failing to follow the established procedure for bringing a serious complaint against a co-worker.

1. Should the federal appeals court deny Broom and Miller’s appeal and enforce the decision of the state district court finding upholding the discharge of the two whistleblowers? Explain your reasoning.

2. How might this case have been handled differently if Broom and Miller had been members of a bargaining unit represented by a union for purposes of collective bargaining?

500 words

QUESTION 14

1. If the price received by a producer is less than average variable cost in the short run, then the firm

   	A.	is earning zero economic profits
   	B.	is earning positive economic profits
   	C.	should continue to produce in the short run
   	D.	should shut down immediately

5 points   

QUESTION 15

1. The short-run price elasticity of demand for gasoline in the US is roughly equal to -0.25, which tells us that

   	A.	the short-run demand for gasoline is elastic
   	B.	gasoline consumers are completely unresponsive to price changes
   	C.	the short-run demand for gasoline is inelastic
   	D.	gasoline is an inferior good in the US

5 points   

QUESTION 16

1. Firms that manufacture graphic chips for televisions and computers have downward sloping average cost curves at all quantity levels.  What does this imply about the scale economies in this industry?

   	A.	Business has neither economies of scale or diseconomies of scale
   	B.	Business has economies of scope but not economies of scale
   	C.	Business has economies of scale
   	D.	Business has diseconomies of scale

5 points   

QUESTION 17

1. Which of the following will decrease the break-even quantity?

   	A.	an increase in the price level
   	B.	a decrease in the price level
   	C.	an increase in fixed costs
   	D.	an increase in marginal costs

5 points   

QUESTION 18

1. Suppose you invest $100 today in bonds that have an annual discount rate equal to -2% per year.  At this time next year, your investment will be worth:

   	A.	$98
   	B.	$100
   	C.	$102
   	D.	$104

5 points   

QUESTION 19

1. Suppose you are enrolled in an MBA program and your parents ask you how much the education will cost. Your reply includes the tuition charges and book expenses, but you do not include the opportunity cost of your time. Have you fallen into a logical trap?

   	A.	No, I always tell my parents the complete truth
   	B.	Yes, you have violated the Law of Demand
   	C.	Yes, the hidden-cost fallacy
   	D.	Yes, the sunk-cost fallacy

5 points   

QUESTION 20

1. Your restaurant sells 300 pizzas in the typical day, and the total costs are $3,000 per day. If your fixed costs are $1,200 per day, what is average variable cost?

   	A.	$6
   	B.	$4
   	C.	$10
   	D.	$8

In 2016, a panel of judges from PBS Nightly Business Report and Forbes’ Wharton College was commissioned to make a list of top 30 technological inventions that have shaped the world and dramatically impacted the 21st century. After reviewing 1200 submissions, and developing a strict definition of the innovation, the list was created, with surprisingly enough, genome mapping taking only the fifth place, the first four belonging to the digital technology.

The list is as follows, in order of importance:

1. Internet, broadband, www (browser and html)

2. PC/laptop computers

3. Mobile phones

4. E-mail

5. DNA testing and sequencing/human genome mapping

6. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

7. Microprocessors

8. Fiber optics

9. Office software (spreadsheets, word processors)

10. Non-invasive laser/robotic surgery (laparoscopy)

11. Open-source software and services (e.g., Linux, Wikipedia)

12. Light-emitting diodes

13. Liquid crystal display (LCD)

14. GPS systems

15. Online shopping/e-commerce/auctions (e.g., eBay)

16. Media file compression (jpeg, mpeg, mp3)

17. Microfinance

18. Photovoltaic solar energy

19. Large- scale wind turbines

20. Social networking via the Internet

21. Graphic user interface (GUI)

22. Digital photography/videography

23. RFID and applications (e.g., EZ Pass)

24. Genetically modified plants

25. Bio fuels

26. Bar codes and scanners

27. ATMs

28. Stents

29. SRAM flash memory

30. Anti-retroviral treatment for AIDS https://www.forbes.com/2009/02/19/innovation-internet-health-entrepreneurs-technology_wharton.html Unit 3 Discussion Board (Due by Wednesday)

Select 3 technological advances from the list and explain the impact that each has had on both individual and collective reality. For each of the technological advances, address both potential positive and negative impacts. Provide one resource in APA format that you think might be applicable in regards to the use of each technology that you discuss. Explain why this site/resource is valuable. This topic is valued at 40 points. Please review post and response expectations. Please review the rubric to ensure that your response meets criteria. Estimated time to complete: Research, Writing, Posting- 3 hours

Discussion: Is This What We Should Spend Our Money On?

No unread replies.No replies.

The Federal budget is made up of three parts for planning purposes: Mandatory spending, which is enabled by ongoing appropriations, and so does not require new spending authorization; Discretionary spending, which has to be re-authorized each year; and the Interest on the Federal debt. For our purposes, because we are not looking at the legislative process, it is one single large spending pool. Below is overall Federal spending in the USA in 2018

2018 Federal Spending.  (Links to an external site.)View the document or the Interactive Graphic.

So you can see that in 2018 Federal spending added up to $4.1 trillion, or 20% of then US GDP of $20.5 trillion. Obviously this was more than revenues, which at $3.3 trillion left a deficit of (a bit less than) 800 billion dollars, or 3.9% of GDP. We spent 24% of Federal money on Social Security + 14% on Medicare, which = 38% and growing of all US Federal expenditure on retired people. Another 15% of the entire budget in 2018 was spent on the US military. In addition we spent 9.5% on Medicaid, which is medical assistance for poor people. And we spent 15.6% on natural resources and the environment, general science, space & technology, general government, community & regional development, agriculture, administrative costs of Medicare & Social Security, energy & commerce, and housing credit programs. Another 7.9% and growing was spent on servicing the national debt. About four-fifths is spent on retired people, the poor, the military and the Federal debt.

On the Federal level, education spending is allocated to Pell grants, work-study, guarantees of student debt, and Head Start, a program for poor pre-school children. The great majority of spending on education in the US is on the state and local levels, although the Federal government plays a regulatory role.

Similarly, with respect to the environment, the Federal government plays primarily a regulatory role -- in this case, most spending in terms of mitigation is by private industry. The largest exception is the national park system; there are also state and local parks and reserves.

Do you think these are the best priorities for US Federal government spending? Do you propose some other set of priorities? If so, what? Write about three paragraphs. Please use outside academic-level sources to support your position.

link: https://www.cbo.gov/publication/55342 ( 2018 Federal Spending)

Have you ever been a gig worker? A recent study found that 37 percent of U.S. workers participate in the gig economy, and government and other estimates say 40 percent will be working outside traditional full-time jobs by 2020. Clearly the gig economy is not a fad. The issue is often whether it benefits only the company or also the worker. Do people actually like being gig workers, or has the economy forced them into it, sometimes by taking second and third jobs?

A national survey by the Freelancers Union found that two in three of the 55 million U.S. workers who
freelanced in 2016 did so because they wanted to, not because they were forced to; the other one-third did it out of necessity.70 Although motivations for gig work may vary, it is clear that employers are benefitting. Of course, part-time contract workers are not new. What is new is the way gig work has spread to many white-collar professions. Here are two examples.

Joseph creates websites for a marketing company and a digital content studio. He also creates and edits motion graphics. “It’s been a fun ride, tiring but fun,” he says. “Finding time is always the struggle. I’m working on a freelance project every weekend.” Joseph thinks gig work has helped him improve his graphic skills faster than he might have done in a traditional job. “I get to move around to different companies, and if one thing falls out, I still have other things I can fall back on—and it keeps me sharp.”

Nicole, a mother of three, is a full-time clerk at a law firm, but she decided she needed extra money and signed up with a work-at-home call center. Her husband has joined too. Nicole says her gig job is one she could continue when she retires, and she likes that possibility.

“This is the future of work,” says Diane Mulcahy, a private equities investor whose clients often benefit
financially from the use of gig workers. “The full-time employee is getting to be the worker of last
resort.”

• Aside from the lack of benefits, what are the potentially negative effects for society of the gig
economy?
• What happens to the concept of loyalty between worker and employer if we move to a mostly gig
economy? Will that result be negative or positive? For whom, and why?