11. Understand the structure and function of: Enzyme coupled receptors (specifically RTKs): binding of growth factors, promotion of cell division and cell growth, enzymatic intracellular domain, dimerization with binding of ligand, role of kinases and tyrosine

3. What happens to the enzyme and the substrate during a chemical reaction? What does it mean by enzymes being “specific”? Why is the active site specific for only one type of substrate?

Please type the answer. Thanks

1. Explain DNA replication. All the enzyme involved and the orientation of the strands as well.
2. What are okazaki fragments?
3. What is DNA ligase?
4. What is DNA polymerase III, DNA polymerase I, What is Primase? What is topoisomerase?

I need to calculate the turnover rate of an enzyme using a lineweaver-burk plot. Is there a specific equation that should be used to calculate Kcat? I have been unable to find a straightforward answer on how to calculate Kcat!

Hello. Question:

I have absorption data collected from 5 samples of the same enzyme at different concentration. The data is collected over the interval of 3 minutes. How can I convert this into catalytic velocity?

Propose a metabolic reaction which would illustrate a positive feedback mechanism. Be sure to address the relationship between molecules in the reaction (substrate, product, enzyme, etc) and how the reaction would be both perpetuated, and eventually terminated.

Since enzymes are essential in cellular function – it’s important to regulate their activity. There are several ways a cell can accomplish such regulation. How do cells regulate enzyme activity? (required minimum length 150 words)

Which of the following pairs are orthologs? Which are paralogs? Which are neither?

Human Trypsin and horse Trypsin

Human Trypsin and horse chymotrypsin

Human Trypsin and human elastase

Bacillus subtilis subtilisin and horse chymotrypsin

Research has uncovered how bacteria which are antibiotic resistant protect bacteria which are not. For example, in an infected wound, an antibiotic resistant Gp A Strep will secrete the bacterial enzyme beta-lactamase. This enzyme will cut apart the beta-lactam ring on penicillins and cephalosporins. It destroys those antibiotics. Any other bacterial species in the wound, even those sensitive to penicillins and cephalosporins, are protected as well.

How could you prove that the growth you saw in the mixed section of the third plate was due to a single organism with antibiotic resistance to streptomycin and ampicillin rather than Strain A secreting a protein which protected Stain S from the ampicillin, and Strain S secreting a protein which protected Strain A from streptomycin?