Use the provided excel format to formulate an answer

The Salem Board of Education wants to evaluate the efficiency of the town’s four elementary schools. The three outputs of the schools are

■   output 1 = average reading score
■   output 2 = average mathematics score

■   output 3 = average self-esteem score

The three inputs to the schools are

■   input 1 = average educational level of mothers
(defined by highest grade completed: 12 = high
school graduate; 16 = college graduate, and so on)

■   input 2 = number of parent visits to school (per child)

■   input 3 = teacher-to-student ratio

The relevant information for the four schools is given in the file P04_42.xlsx. Determine which (if any) schools are inefficient.

Use the provided excel format to explain answer

In each of the following cases, use a diagram to show which curve, supply or demand, shifts, and explain how the market transitions to a new equilibrium price and quantity. Be sure to include both supply and demand in your diagrams.

•Tina Turner is a legend of R&B and soul music. Given her advanced age, she will probably die soon. What does this do to the market for Tina Turner collectibles and memorabilia?

•In November, 2015, a series of coordinated terrorist attacks occurred in Paris, France; 130 people were killed. How would this have affected the market for hotels in France?

•Steel workers unionize and negotiate for higher wages and safer working conditions.

•Overnight, half of the population of St. Catharines become millionaires. How does this affect Niagara’s fine dining industry?

•A government-funded public information campaign warns of the dangers of STIs.How will this impact the market for prostitution?

•In 1976, Pablo Escobar founded the Medellin Cartel, which ruthlessly murdered competitors, and ended up controlling 80% of the United States’ cocaine market.

A school district undertakes an experiment to estimate the effect of class size on test scores in second-grade classes.The district assigns 20% of its previous year’s first graders to small second-grade classes and 80% to regular-size classes. Students new to the district are handled the same way : 20% are randomly assigned to small classes and 80% to regular-size classes. At the end of the second-grade school year,each student is given a standardized test. Let Y denote the test score,X denote a binary variable that equals 1 if a student is assigned to a small class, and W denote a binary variable that equals 1 if a student is newly enrolled. Let β1 denote the causal effect on test scores of reducing class size from regular to small.

1) Are X and W correlated?

2) If a researcher estimates B1 by regressing Y on X only. Do you expect her estimate to be biased/inconsistent as a result of not including W in the regression?

In New York City, a study was conducted to evaluate whether any information that is available at the time of birth can be used to identify children with special educational needs. In a random sample of 45 third-graders enrolled in the special education program of the public school system, 4 have mothers who have had more than 12 years of schooling.

A) Construct a 90% CI for the population proportion of children with special educational needs whose mothers have had more than 12 years of schooling.

B) In 1980, 22% of all third-graders enrolled in the NYC public school system had mothers who had more than 12 years of schooling. Suppose you wish to know whether this proportion is the same for children in the special education program. What are the null and alternative hypotheses of the appropriate test?

C) Conduct the test at the 0.05 level of significance

Should use exact confidence interval and exact test in parts a and c. Please include your R commands for these parts.

1. Use the following information for the next four problems. A researcher is interested in estimating the mean salary of public school teachers in a particular region. A random sample of 9 teachers is selected and the salary of each one is recorded. The researcher calculates a sample mean of $45,000 and a sample standard deviation of $1,600. Assume that the salaries in the population vary according to a normal distribution.

   The mean salary of all public school teachers in the region is a __________ while the sample mean $45,000 is a __________.

   	a.	parameter, statistic
   	b.	statistic, parameter
   	c.	parameter, parameter
   	d.	statistic, statistic

2. Calculate a 95% confidence interval to estimate the mean salary.

   	a.	$45,000  $348.44
   	b.	$45,000  $1,206.40
   	c.	$45,000  $1,229.87
   	d.	$45,000  $1,045.33

1. Suppose, instead, that a larger sample of teachers had been selected while still using the 95% confidence level. The new confidence interval, based on the larger sample, would be __________ the interval in the previous problem.

   	a.	shorter than
   	b.	the same length as
   	c.	longer than

If you win $100 for rolling a 12, win $10 for rolling a number less than 6, and lose $4 for rolling anything else, what are your expected winnings per play?

a. $1.94         b. $4.72         c. $2.78         d. -$.68

A committee of 7 is be selected from a group of 22 people. How many such committees are possible?

a. 22,254      b. 319,770      c, 170,544     d. 101,458

A woman plans on having four children. What is the probability she will have at most 2 boys?

a. 11/16         b. 1/2         c. 9/16        d. 6/16

Thirty-nine percent of the houses in a certain neighborhood read the New Yorker, 43 percent read the Philadelphia Inquirer, and 9 percent read both. What percent read at least one of these publications?

a. 64%        b. 79%         c. 82%            d. 73%

What is the probability of getting at least one 10 in twenty rolls of a pair of dice?

a. (33/36)²⁰         b. 1-(3/36)²⁰        c. 1- (33/36)²⁰       d. 1-20(33/36)          

Suppose the demand for pizza in a small isolated town is p = 10 - Q. There are only two firms, A and B, and each has a cost function TC = 2 + Q. Compare the firms' profits if they behave as Cournot duopolists with their profits if they form a cartel and share the market.

Complete parts​ (a) and​ (b) below. The number of dogs per household in a small town

Dogs 0 1 2 3 4 5

Probability 0.649 0.220 0.087 0.024 0.013 0.008 ​

(a) Find the​ mean, variance, and standard deviation of the probability distribution.

Describe related models to explain why cities exist. Give an example for each model. ( 50 marks)

i. Model 1: Backyard production – a region without cities

ii. Model 2: Trading city

iii. Model 3: Factory town

Which curve shifts, and in what direction, when the following events occur in the local burrito shop market?

a. College students arrive back into town for the fall semester

b. Two more Chipotle restaurants open

c. Several pizza shops open