Question 8

1. A study to determine whether treatment with a calcium channel block or an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor lowers the incidence of coronary heart disease when compared with a diuretic included over 33,000 patients (ALLHAT 2002). The primary outcome was fatal coronary heart disease or myocardial infarction. What type of study design is this? Give a justification for your answer in your own words. please may I have a brief explained answer

‘The IASB and the US Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) have been working together since 2002 to achieve convergence of IFRSs and US generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).’ The convergence project had not been completed until recently.
Explain why the development process of international accounting harmonization is difficult and complex. You may refer to the following website for further information.

https://www.iasplus.com/en/projects/completed/other/iasb-fasbconvergence

‘There is no settled law on the meaning and effect of letters of intent. The court must decide each case on its facts . . . I am reminded of the basic legal requirements of offer, acceptance, intention to create legal relations, and consideration.’ Twintec Limited v GSE Building and Civil Engineering Limited EWHC 605 [2002] (HHJ Kirkham) Discuss this statement and consider whether or not a contractor’s legal rights can be protected if work starts based on a letter of intent.

Use SPSS for this Application Exercise:
An educational psychologist believes that regular exercise is detrimental to academic achievement. Students are randomly selected from a local high school to participate in a semester long study. Then pairs of students with similar GPAs are randomly assigned to either a group that attends daily exercise classes or not. At the end of the study, each participant's GPA is recorded. What can be concluded with α = 0.05? Below are the data.

a) What is the appropriate test statistic?
---Select--- na z-test One-Sample t-test Independent-Samples t-test Related-Samples t-test

b)
Condition 1:
---Select--- GPA semester academic achievement control exercise
Condition 2:
---Select--- GPA semester academic achievement control exercise

c) Input the appropriate value(s) to make a decision about H₀.
(Hint: Make sure to write down the null and alternative hypotheses to help solve the problem.)
p-value =  ; Decision:  ---Select--- Reject H0 Fail to reject H0

d) Using the SPSS results, compute the corresponding effect size(s) and indicate magnitude(s).
If not appropriate, input and/or select "na" below.
d =  ;   ---Select--- na trivial effect small effect medium effect large effect
r² =  ;   ---Select--- na trivial effect small effect medium effect large effect

e) Make an interpretation based on the results.

The GPA of individuals doing regular exercise was significantly higher than those that do not.

The GPA of individuals doing regular exercise was significantly lower than those that do not.     

The GPA of individuals doing exercise did not significantly differ from those in the control group.

Research Methods and Design I – Short Assignment #7 – Crazy Correlations

This individual assignment is related to your Chapter 5 (Salkind) material.

Below is a scatterplot between two variables – “Alcohol Consumption” and “Academic Performance.” Fill in the data table (Participant #1 through #20)! I’ll give you the academic performance score, so just make sure to find the corresponding alcohol consumption score using the scores on the X-axis of the chart below.

2). Does there appear to be a correlation between these two variables? If yes, is it a direct correlation (positive) or indirect correlation (negative)?

3). Calculate the specific correlation coefficient for this data. What does r =

4). What are three possible explanations for this correlation? (Note – These can include “third variable” explanations)

5) ). Now design an experimental study to investigate these two variables. What is your hypothesis? What type of hypotheses does the experimental method allow you to test that the correlational method does not? (Note: You can disregard ethical limitations here! Just design an experimental study rather than a purely correlational study). For the study you design, what is your independent variable? What is your dependent variable? How did you operationally define your variables here?

It is the end of your final year of study as a student in the Master of Finance program and you are trying to determine what you are going to do over the remaining 35 years of your working life. You are trying to decide whether you should remain at university and do your PhD in finance or alternatively leave university and become a consultant.

You anticipate that it will take you 5 years to complete your PhD during which time you will earn a real net cash flow of $25,000 p.a. At the end of these 5 years you must decide whether to remain at the university as an academic or take up a career as a consultant.  There is a 10% chance that you will enjoy great success as an academic earning a salary of  $85,000 p.a., a 50% chance that you will have a moderately successful career earning a salary of $65,000 p.a. and a 40% chance that you will have an unsuccessful academic career earning a salary of only $45,000 p.a. If you decide to become a consultant then it will initially cost you $100,000 to set up your business and there is an 80% chance of generating $60,000 p.a. and a 20% chance of generating $120,000 p.a..

If you decide not do a PhD and instead become a consultant immediately, there is a 60% chance that you will earn $70,000 p.a. and a 40% chance that you will earn $50,000 p.a. over the remainder of your working life.

Assume that all cash flows (other than those specified otherwise) occur at year-end, are expressed in real terms (that is in terms of purchasing power today) and that the real opportunity cost of capital is 10%.

You are to assume that for personal (as opposed to financial) reasons, you have decided to do a PhD. Using the decision tree approach, estimate the value of the option associated with not having to stay in academia after you acquire your PhD.

Consider the following returns. The Correlation between Stock X's and Stock Z's returns is closest to: Year End Stock X Realized Return Stock Y Realized Return Stock Z Realized Return 2004 20.1% -14.6% 0.2% 2005 72.7% 4.3% -3.2% 2006 -25.7% -58.1% -27.0% 2007 56.9% 71.1% 27.9% 2008 6.7% 17.3% -5.1% 2009 17.9% 0.9% -11.3% 0.71 0.60 0.62 0.05

consider the following returns. The Correlation between Stock X's and Stock Z's returns is closest to: Year End Stock X Realized Return Stock Y Realized Return Stock Z Realized Return 2004 20.1% -14.6% 0.2% 2005 72.7% 4.3% -3.2% 2006 -25.7% -58.1% -27.0% 2007 56.9% 71.1% 27.9% 2008 6.7% 17.3% -5.1% 2009 17.9% 0.9% -11.3% 0.71 0.60 0.62 0.05

George, their family friend has informed the couple(Jacinda and Steven) during a family dinner that “although in Australia the individuals invest directly in the stock market, in recent years 31% of the adult population directly invest by holding shares, down from 44% in 2004”. Their question to you is:

If direct share market participation is a good or bad strategy for an investor? Discuss one reason why investors should or should not invest directly in the Australian shares.