The standard free energy change of phosphate hydrolysis is shown below for several molecules in the glycolytic pathway.

Which statement explains why glucose phosphorylation could not occur without ATP investment?
A.   Without ATP investment in stage I of glycolysis, the concentration of ATP would become too high and would inhibit phosphofructokinase, leading to inhibition of the entire glycolytic pathway.

B.   Without ATP investment, glucose would not become "trapped" in the cell and could easily be transported out as blood glucose levels decrease. This transport would reduce the amount of glucose available for some organs.

C.   Without ATP investment it would be impossible to regulate the entry of glucose into glycolysis.

D.   Without ATP investment, one or both of the substrates would need to exceed the solvent capacity of the cell for glucose phosphorylation to occur.

An enzyme catalyzed reaction has a Km of 3.76 mM and a Vmax of 6.72 nM/s. What is the reaction velocity in nM/s, when the substrate concentrations are:

A. 0.500 mM

B. 15.6 mM

C. 252 mM

D. Now assume you have added a competitive inhibitor that has a concentration of 15.6 µM with a K_I of 7.30 µM to the enzyme in question 9. Calculate the velocity at the same substrate concentrations as above:

E. 0.500 mM

F. 15.6 mM

G. 252 mM

17. What are the SD sequences?

1. Found in the promoters of RNA polymerase I
2. Found in the promoters of RNA polymerase II
3. Found in the promoters of RNA polymerase III
4. Ribosome binding sites in prokaryotic mRNA
5. Ribosome binding sites in eukaryotic mRNA

17. In a linear fragment of DNA, the ends can not be replicated by DNA polymerases.      Eukaryotes use telomerase enzyme to replicate chromosome tips. This enzyme has

1. DNA polymerase activity
2. RNA polymerase activity
3. Reverse transcriptase activity
4. DNA ligase activity
5. DNA helicase activity

The bacterial enzyme streptokinase is used to digest fibrin in patients with atherosclerosis. Why doesn't the injection of streptokinase cause a streptococcal infection?

2- How do we know that streptokinase will break down fibrin and not functional tissue?

3- bromouracil is used as an anti cancer drug it is mistaken for thymine by cellular enzymes during DNA replication, name the enzyme site the nucleoside analog is probably binding.

4- Is glucose completely broken down in respiration or fermentation?

5- How does aerobic and anaerobic respiration differ?

Why is a V vs S plot often inadequate for determining enzyme kinetic constants, and how do various alternate plotting methods allow these values to be determined more adequately? Give examples of alternate methods of kinetic analysis and their utility.

The V vs S plot is inadequate because it makes the assumption that it’s only for a single subunit and substrate. The line on the graph usually represents a line that best fits the data and are not completely accurate. This only measures free enzymes or unstable enzyme substrate complex. An alternate method

Compare and contrast the properties of any two different amino acid side chains and explain how their chemical properties contribute to the structure of a protein.

For the following sequence read that comes from an internal exon within a gene, what is the amino acid sequence that is encoded?

5’ TTAAGTAGCCGCTAG 3’

It is important to understand what an amino acid bond is, where at is located within a protein. Why is this such as table bond and what the products if it's hydrolysis?

Red Canyon T-shirt Company operates a chain of T-shirt shops in the southwestern United States. The sales manager has provided a sales forecast for the coming year, along with the following information: Quarter 1-49000, Quarter 2-78000, Quarter 3- 39000 Quarter 478000 Budgeted Unit Sales. Each T-shirt is expected to sell for $24. The purchasing manager buys the T-shirts for $10 each. The company needs to have enough T-shirts on hand at the end of each quarter to fill 34 percent of the next quarter’s sales demand. Selling and administrative expenses are budgeted at $98,000 per quarter plus 14 percent of total sales revenue. Required: 1. Determine budgeted sales revenue for each quarter. 2. Determine budgeted cost of merchandise purchased for each quarter. 3. Determine budgeted cost of good sold for each quarter. 4. Determine selling and administrative expenses for each quarter. 5. Complete the budgeted income statement for each quarter.

1. Amy tosses 12 biased coins. Each coin comes up heads with probability 0.2. What is the probability that fewer than 3 of the coins come up heads?

Answer: 0.5583

2. Amy shoots 27000 arrows at a target. Each arrow hits the target (independently) with probability 0.2. What is the probability that at most 2 of the first 15 arrows hit the target?

Answer: 0.398

3. Amy tosses 19 biased coins. Each coin comes up heads with probability 0.1. What is the probability that more than 1 of the coins come up heads?

Answer: 0.5797

4. Amy shoots 49000 arrows at a target. Each arrow hits the target (independently) with probability 0.2. What is the probability that fewer than 3 of the first 12 arrows hit the target?

Answer: 0.5583

5. Amy rolls 16 8-sided dice. What is the probability that fewer than 1 of the rolls are 1s?

Answer: 0.1181