3) An academic advisor at a university was studying student class attendance and would like to know if class attendance depends on school. a) State the Hypothesis to show class attendance depends on school. b) Choose a level of significance Use a = 0.05 for this problem. c) To test the hypothesis, the advisor obtained attendance records for 23 students (6 from engineering, 9 from business, and 8 from arts and sciences) for the fall term. The advisor determines the total number of lectures missed by each student. The data appear in the Absence worksheet in the HW4 data workbook on Moodle. d) Draw a conclusion and report that in the context of the problem. e) Use Fisher’s LSD Test with a= 0.05 to determine which schools’ students have significantly differently absence rates.

data:

To get published in an academic journal, you have to prove something "interesting." As a result, most academics begin their research by investigating hypotheses that, all else equal, are unlikely to be true. Suppose each research project begins with a research claim that has a 10% chance of being correct.

They then perform a study that satisfies the following two properties:

1) The probability that they correctly *find* an important result given that their *claim* is true is 50%
2) The probability that they incorrectly *find* an important result given that their *claim* is false is 5%

If they find an important result they are published. What is the probability that their claim was true, given that they were published?

College tuition:

The mean annual tuition and fees in the 2013 - 2014 academic year for a sample of 15 private colleges in California was 32,500 with a standard deviation of $7250. A dotplot shows that it is reasonable to assume that the population that the population is approximately normal. Can you conclude that the mean tuition and fees for private institutions in California is less than 35,000? Use a = 0.05 level of significance and the critical value method.

The hypothesis is a ... test.

This question does not need to coding language, just academic writing.

For each of the following problem statement, propose an appropriate research approach to answer the questions.

1) Mixed methods research is an approach that combines quantitative and qualitative research methods in the same research inquiry. Such work can help develop rich insights into various phenomena of interest that cannot be fully understood using only a quantitative or a qualitative method. Notwithstanding the benefits and repeated calls for such work, there is a dearth of mixed methods research in information systems.

Research questions for the above problem statement are:

• How can we compare the quantitative and qualitative research methods?
• What kind of insights will be provided by quantitative research methods?How would they be helpful?
• What kind of insights will be provided by qualitative research methods?How would they be helpful?
• Will it be advantageous to use mixed methods research in information systems?

2) Non-relational databases (often termed as NoSQL) have recently emerged and have generated both interest and criticism. Interest because they address requirements that are very important in large-scale applications, criticism because of the comparison with well-known relational achievements. One of the major problems often mentioned is the heterogeneity of the languages and of the interfaces they offer to developers and users. Different platforms and languages have been proposed, and applications developed for one system require significant effort to be migrated to another one.

Research questions for the above problem statement are:

• What kind of interests are promised by Non-relational databases?
• What kind of criticism is achieved by Non-relational databases?
• What are the large-scale applications of Non-relational databases?
• What are the major problems for implementation of Non-relational databases?
• How much effort will be required for migration & what will be the cost associated with it?

3)Performance measurement and analysis is crucial for steering the organization to realize its strategic and operational goals. Relevant performance indicators and their relationships to goals and activities need to be determined and analyzed. Current organization modeling approaches do not reflect this in an adequate way.

Research questions for the above problem statement are:

• What performance measurements are required to realize strategic and operational goals of an organization?
• How do we analyze performance of an organization?
• How to identify relevant performance indicators and their relationships to goals and activities?
• How do we analyze the performance indicators?
• How can the current organization modeling approaches be compared?

4) Because digital games are fun, engaging, and popular, organizations are attempting to integrate them within organizational activities as serious components, with the anticipation that they can improve employees’ motivation and performance. But in order to do so and to obtain the intended outcomes, it is necessary to first obtain an understanding of how different digital game designs impact players’ behaviors and emotional responses.

Research questions for the above problem statement are:

• What are the advantages of integrating digital games within organizational activities?
• What are the disadvantages of integrating digital games within organizational activities?
• How will the employees’ motivation and performance be measured?
• What could be the possible outcomes of integrating digital games within organizational activities?
• To what extent will the employees’ motivation and performance be improved?
• What is the impact of the game design on players’ behaviors and emotional responses?

5) Deep web or hidden web refers to the hidden part of the Web (usually residing in structured databases) that remains unavailable for standard Web crawlers. Obtaining content of the deep web is challenging and has been acknowledged as a significant gap in the coverage of search engines.

Research questions for the above problem statement are:

• What are the disadvantages of standard Web crawlers?
• To what extent the deep web remains unavailable for standard Web crawlers?
• What are the challenges in obtaining content of the deep web?
• What type of content can be obtained from the deep web?
• What type of content cannot be obtained from the deep web?why?

Scenario: Six months into an academic development project, the client reviews the progress and issues a stop-work order. The main issues identified during their review were: 1. There were different expectations about the complexity of graphics in course development and course materials. 2. There were different opinions about the level of marketing required (marketing a course versus marketing the whole academy, no post-course promotions, etc.) 3. There were issues with instructors. These were instances where instructors had rescheduled on multiple occasions or cancelled. 4. There were concerns about the subject matter experts. Subject matter experts had been hired outside of the budgeted amount. 5. There were concerns about the subject matter experts not providing the level of technical writing expertise required, which resulted in having to hire additional technical writers. MRG HPI addressed some of these concerns by removing the videotaping requirement during the analysis phase and removing the repeat courses that were going to be offered during the final contract year. By eliminating videotaping and repeat courses, the remaining courses to be developed and presented were stretched over the rest of the contract of 2.5 years. This mean that instead of developing and offering the 15 courses using two teams in a staggered fashion over two years, MRG HPI must reduce staff. Currently, there are three senior instructional designers, six graphic artists, three document specialists, six technical writers, three subject matter experts, and two editors assigned to the teams. MRG HPI has subject matter experts as consultants under contract. They don’t want to lose their staff, but they may have no choice but to let some go.

Questions: 1. What re the challenges faced by the Human Resource department in this scenario?

2. What can be done to retain the employees?

3. What communication strategy should be adopted to implement employee retention strategies?

10. In a study conducted to determine whether the role that sleep disorders play in academic performance, researcher conducted a survey of 1800 college students to determine if they had a sleep disorder. Of the 500 students with a sleep disorder, the mean GPA was 2.51 with a standard deviation of 0.85. Of the 1300 students without a sleep disorder, the mean GPA is 2.85 with a standard deviation of 0.78. Test the claim that sleep disorder adversely affects one’s GPA at the 0.05 level of significance?

11. In one experiment, the participant must press a key on seeming a blue screen and reaction time (in seconds) to press the key is measured. The same person is then asked to press a key on seeing a red screen, again with reaction time measured. The results for six randomly sampled study participants are as follows:

Participant

1

2

3

4

5

6

Blue

0.582

0.481

0.841

0.267

0.685

0.450

Red

0.408

0.407

0.542

0.402

0.456

0.522

Construct a 99% confidence interval about the population mean difference. Assume the differences are approximately normally distributed.

discuss the academic applications of memory models and try to apply the principles to yourself.
Using Baddeley’s working memory model, give an example of two tasks that could successfully be performed simultaneously (For example, can you listen to music while studying at the same time?). Discuss two other tasks that probably would interfere with each other. Make sure to discuss your answers in terms of the visuospatial scratchpad, the phonological loop, and the central executive.

Ben is living in Kuala Lumpur with his 10 years old son. His wife has passed away a few years ago. His loss has alerted him on the importance of obtaining a risk management plan, especially for those dependent caused by premature death. Taking care of his son’s financial well-being has become his top priority.

When his wife passed away, Ben has to face all the financial pressure especially medical treatment spent. The insurance claim of RM30,000 from his wife is barely enough to cover the medical expenses and funeral expenses.

Ben is a senior software engineer for a public listed company in Ipoh, Perak. His current annual income inclusive of bonuses and fixed allowances is RM120,000. The employer provides a general group life insurance from ABC Insurance Bhd. The sum insured amount will be triple of his annual income.

Besides his contribution to the Employees Provident Fund (EPF) and Private Retirement Scheme (PRS), he also has allocated some money in the education funds through SSPN for his son upon enrolment to further study.

Ben’s has the following financial needs and objectives if he were to face premature death:

• Estimated funeral costs RM30,000
• Medical bills RM30,000
• Lawyer’s fees RM5,000
• Income support for his son. RM1,300 monthly for 8 years
• Housing loan outstanding RM280,000
• Car loan and credit card debts RM50,000
• Education funds (Engineer – Local) RM180,000
• Amanah Saham Malaysia RM10,000

• Fixed Deposit RM50,000
• SSPN RM10,000
• Private Retirement Scheme RM30,000
• EPF Balance RM185,000
• Individual life insurance (sum insured) RM50,000
• Group life insurance (sum insured) RM240,000

1. Based on the information above, you are required to estimate the additional insurance need by using the human life value approach at the discount rate of 5 percent, if Ben allocates 60 percent of his earnings for his son until he reaches 18 years old.

2. Measure the amount of insurance need by using the needs approach.

3. If the estimated Life Insurance survivor benefits from existing group life insurance are paying RM650 monthly to Ben’s son until he is 18 years old, Calculate the additional life insurance needs.               

Shauna Coleman is single. She is employed as an architectural designer for Streamline Design (SD). Shauna wanted to determine her taxable income for this year. She correctly calculated her AGI. However, she wasn’t sure how to compute the rest of her taxable income. She provided the following information with hopes that you could use it to determine her taxable income.

1. Shauna paid $4,680 for medical expenses for care related to a broken ankle. Also, Shauna’s boyfriend, Blake, drove Shauna (in her car) a total of 115 miles to the doctor’s office so she could receive care for her broken ankle.
2. Shauna paid a total of $3,400 in health insurance premiums during the year (not through an exchange). SD did not reimburse any of this expense. Besides the health insurance premiums and the medical expenses for her broken ankle, Shauna had Lasik eye surgery last year and paid $3,000 for the surgery (she received no insurance reimbursement). She also incurred $450 of other medical expenses for the year.
3. SD withheld $1,800 of state income tax, $7,495 of Social Security tax, and $14,500 of federal income tax from Shauna’s paychecks throughout the year.
4. In 2019, Shauna was due a refund of $250 for overpaying her 2018 state taxes. On her 2018 state tax return that she filed in April of 2019, she applied the overpayment toward her 2019 state tax liability. She estimated that her state tax liability for 2019 will be $2,300.
5. Shauna paid $3,200 of property taxes on her personal residence. She also paid $500 to the developer of her subdivision, because he had to replace the sidewalk in certain areas of the subdivision.
6. Shauna paid a $200 property tax based on the state’s estimate of the value of her car.
7. Shauna has a home mortgage loan in the amount of $220,000 that she secured when she purchased her home. The home is worth about $400,000. Shauna paid interest of $12,300 on the loan this year.
8. Shauna made several charitable contributions throughout the year. She contributed stock in ZYX Corp. to the Red Cross. On the date of the contribution, the fair market value of the donated shares was $1,000 and her basis in the shares was $400. Shauna originally bought the ZYX Corp. stock in 2009. Shauna also contributed $300 cash to State University and religious artifacts she has held for several years to her church. The artifacts were valued at $500 and Shauna’s basis in the items was $300. Shauna had every reason to believe the church would keep them on display indefinitely. Shauna also drove 200 miles doing church-related errands for her minister. Finally, Shauna contributed $1,200 of services to her church last year.
9. Shauna paid $250 in investment advisory fees and another $150 to have her tax return prepared (that is, she paid $150 in 2019 to have her 2018 tax return prepared).
10. Shauna is involved in horse racing as a hobby. During the year, she won $2,500 in prize money and incurred $10,000 in expenses. She has never had a profitable year with her horse-racing activities, so she acknowledges that this is a hobby for federal income tax purposes.
11. Shauna sustained $2,000 in gambling losses over the year (mostly horse-racing bets) and had only $200 in winnings.

b. Assume Shauna’s AGI is $207,000. Determine Shauna’s taxable income.