Income inequality has grown dramatically in the US over the past 4 decades.   Is that a bad thing? Why/why not? What percentage of the US work force has enjoyed improved standards of living over the past 4 decades?   Who has received the productivity and income gains generated by the US economy over that period of time?   Should public policy be changed to encourage greater or lesser income inequality?   What changes would you advocate?

In this problem, assume that the distribution of differences is approximately normal. Note: For degrees of freedom d.f. not in the Student's t table, use the closest d.f. that is smaller. In some situations, this choice of d.f. may increase the P-value by a small amount and therefore produce a slightly more "conservative" answer.

In environmental studies, sex ratios are of great importance. Wolf society, packs, and ecology have been studied extensively at different locations in the U.S. and foreign countries. Sex ratios for eight study sites in northern Europe are shown below.

It is hypothesized that in winter, "loner" males (not present in summer packs) join the pack to increase survival rate. Use a 5% level of significance to test the claim that the average percentage of males in a wolf pack is higher in winter. (Let d = winter − summer.)

(a) What is the level of significance?


State the null and alternate hypotheses. Will you use a left-tailed, right-tailed, or two-tailed test?

H₀: μ_d = 0; H₁: μ_d > 0; right-tailed H₀: μ_d = 0; H₁: μ_d ≠ 0; two-tailed     H₀: μ_d > 0; H₁: μ_d = 0; right-tailed H₀: μ_d = 0; H₁: μ_d < 0; left-tailed

(b) What sampling distribution will you use? What assumptions are you making?

The Student's t. We assume that d has an approximately normal distribution. The standard normal. We assume that d has an approximately uniform distribution.     The Student's t. We assume that d has an approximately uniform distribution. The standard normal. We assume that d has an approximately normal distribution.

What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Round your answer to three decimal places.)


(c) Find (or estimate) the P-value.

P-value > 0.250 0.125 < P-value < 0.250     0.050 < P-value < 0.125 0.025 < P-value < 0.050 0.005 < P-value < 0.025 P-value < 0.005

ASK YOUR TEACHER

In this problem, assume that the distribution of differences is approximately normal. Note: For degrees of freedom d.f. not in the Student's t table, use the closest d.f. that is smaller. In some situations, this choice of d.f. may increase the P-value by a small amount and therefore produce a slightly more "conservative" answer.

In environmental studies, sex ratios are of great importance. Wolf society, packs, and ecology have been studied extensively at different locations in the U.S. and foreign countries. Sex ratios for eight study sites in northern Europe are shown below.

It is hypothesized that in winter, "loner" males (not present in summer packs) join the pack to increase survival rate. Use a 5% level of significance to test the claim that the average percentage of males in a wolf pack is higher in winter. (Let d = winter − summer.)
What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Round your answer to three decimal places.)

In this problem, assume that the distribution of differences is approximately normal. Note: For degrees of freedom d.f. not in the Student's t table, use the closest d.f. that is smaller. In some situations, this choice of d.f. may increase the P-value by a small amount and therefore produce a slightly more "conservative" answer.

In the following data pairs, A represents birth rate and B represents death rate per 1000 resident population. The data are paired by counties in the Midwest. A random sample of 16 counties gave the following information.

Do the data indicate a difference (either way) between population average birth rate and death rate in this region? Use α = 0.01. (Let d = A − B.)

What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Round your answer to three decimal places.)

Trevor is a single individual who is a cash-method, calendar-year taxpayer. For each of the next two years (year 1 and year 2), Trevor expects to report AGI of $80,000, contribute $8,000 to charity, and pay $2,800 in state income taxes.

A. Assume that Trevor combines his anticipated charitable contributions for the next two years and makes the combined contribution in December of year 1. Estimate Trevor’s taxable income for each of the next two years using the 2018 amounts for the standard deduction.

B. Trevor plans to purchase a residence next year, and he estimates that additional property taxes and residential interest will cost $2,000 and $10,000, respectively, each year. Assume that Trevor makes the charitable contribution for year 2 and pays the real estate taxes for year 2 in December of year 1. Estimate Trevor’s taxable income for year 1 and year 2 using the 2018 amounts for the standard deduction

Consider an individual who lives for two periods t = 1, 2. Suppose she is in debt and, given an interest rate r, she optimally decides to consume (C1;C2). Now, imagine that the interest rate r falls. What do you expect to happen to her optimal consumption in the two periods? Explain your answer referring to income and substitution e§ects, to the budget constraints, and the Euler equation.

Trevor is a single individual who is a cash-method, calendar-year taxpayer. For each of the next two years (year 1 and year 2), Trevor expects to report AGI of $104,000, contribute $8,450 to charity, and pay $3,400 in state income taxes.

Required:

1. Estimate Trevor’s taxable income for year 1 and year 2 using the 2019 amounts for the standard deduction for both years.
2. Now assume that Trevor combines his anticipated charitable contributions for the next two years and makes the combined contribution in December of year 1. Estimate Trevor’s taxable income for each of the next two years using the 2019 amounts for the standard deduction.
3. Trevor plans to purchase a residence next year, and he estimates that additional property taxes and residential interest will cost $3,200 and $28,000, respectively, each year. Estimate Trevor’s taxable income for each of the next two years (year 1 and year 2) using the 2019 amounts for the standard deduction and also assuming Trevor makes the charitable contribution of $8,450 and state tax payments of $3,400 in each year.
4. Trevor plans to purchase a residence next year, and he estimates that additional property taxes and residential interest will cost $3,200 and $28,000, respectively, each year. Assume that Trevor makes the charitable contribution for year 2 and pays the real estate taxes for year 2 in December of year 1. Estimate Trevor’s taxable income for year 1 and year 2 using the 2019 amounts for the standard deduction.

For an individual who finishes dinner around 7 p.m. Which of the following metabolic processes is NOT active around midnight?

Gluconeogenesis in the liver

Liver releases glucose to the blood.

Glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle

Glycogen breakdown in the liver

Identify an individual currently on an intermittent fasting diet, another who is on a gluten-free diet, and someone else on the Paleo diet. Critically analyze their dieting experience(s) and compare/contrast them with your own. Evaluate each in light of the most recently known science and practical experience. Would you recommend any of these diets or any other structured diet to a future client? If so, list the diet and describe how would you determine its appropriateness for a client. If you would not recommend any of these or other structured diets, detail why.

Simpson, age 45, is a single individual who is employed full time by Duff Corporation. This year Simpson reports AGI of $40,000 and has incurred the following medical expenses:

a. Calculate the amount of medical expenses that will be included with Simpson’s itemized deductions after any applicable limitations.

b. Suppose that Simpson was reimbursed for $245 of the physician's charges and $1,690 for the hospital costs. Calculate the amount of medical expenses that will be included with Simpson’s itemized deductions after any applicable limitations.

This is a 3-part question:

(1) Analyze the financial statements below as an individual who would invest in this company. Would you invest? Why or why not? Support your answer using what you have learned and type an essay supporting your answer. (6 points)

(2) Sales increase by 10 percent. What are the Additional Funds Needed (AFN)? (2.5 points)

(3) Assume you need $100,000 in financing for Additional Funds Needed. You go to the bank and they will loan you $100,000 at 5 percent interest. What is your annual payment to pay off this loan? (2.5 points)

The balance sheet and income statement shown below are for Pettijohn Inc.