Which set of conditions would favor glycolysis in the reaction of fructose 6-phosphate and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate?

1. high concentrations of ATP, Cirate and hydrogen ion

2. low concentrations of ATP, Cirate and hydrogen ion

3. high concentrations of acetyle CoA

4. low concentrations of glucose

The following substrate is completely oxidized to CO₂ by a cellular homogenate containing all necessary enzymes and coenzymes. It is assumed that glycolysis, the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation are fully active and that the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is functional. What is the net gain of ATP molecules after the complete degradation of Dihydroxyacetone phosphate?

Organisms use different sources of carbon and energy. Archaeans do NOT use glycolysis and do NOT always use the pentose phosphate pathway, but use variations on these pathways for similar purposes. What is the best classification of this type of catabolism?

Choose the best answer.

A. Chemolithotrophs

B. Chemoorganotrophs

C. Photoheterotrophs

D. Photoautotrophs

Glycogen is the body’s storage form of glucose. When glycogen is degraded, glucose 1-P is formed. Glucose 1-P can then be isomerized to glucose 6-P. Starting with glucose 1-P and ending with two molecules of pyruvate, what is the net yield of glycolysis in terms of ATP and NADH formed?

Epinephrine and glucagon bind to different receptors on cell surface, but both receptors activate the same G protein and trigger the same series of events in which cAMP is produced and activates downstream proteins to regulate the metabolism of different types of carbohydrates. In lecture, we have learnt that activation of G protein by these two hormones promotes the breakdown of glycogen through the activation of glycogen phosphorylase and inhibition of glycogen synthetase in liver and muscle. In this essay, you are going to look up other metabolic pathways of carbohydrate regulated by epinephrine and glucagon.

In this essay, describe the following topics:

1. Regulation of glucagon secretion by glucose, and

2. Action of glucagon in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis

- Discuss the pathways, enzymes and steps activated/ inactivated (including substrate and product in the enzymatic reactions)

- Explain the mode of regulation: phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, transcriptional control, etc.

- Discuss whether glucagon and epinephrine act in the same way in liver, muscle and heart cells in terms of their effects on glycolysis and gluconeogenesis

Question 6

The _______________ occurs when pyruvate is oxidized and enters the matrix of the mitochondria and releases CO2.

Question 7

How is ATP produced during glycolysis?

Question 8

If oxygen is not available to the cell, glucose is incompletely metabolized to ______________ or to _____________ and ____________.

Question 9

What is a disadvantage to fermentation?

Question 10

Fermentation produces ____________ ATP molecules per glucose.

Question 11

Cellular respiration produces ____________ ATP molecules per glucose.

1. If the C-1 carbon of glucose were labelled with 14C, which of the carbon atoms in pyruvate would be labelled after glycolysis?

a) the carboxylate carbon

b) the carbonyl carbon

c) the methyl carbon

*** the Answer is c) but I don't understand why, can u plz explain why?

2. How many "high energy" bonds are required to convert oxaloacetate to glucose?

***answer is 4 but I don't understand why, can u plz exapain

3. Which of the following statements correctly describes what happens whe acetyl CoA is abundant

a) Pyruvate carboxylase is activated

b) phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is activated

c) phosphofructokinase is activated

d) If ATP levels are high, oxaloacetate is diverted to gluconeogenesis

e) If ATP levels are low, oxaloacetate is diverted to gluconeogenesis

*** Answer is a) and d), can u plz explain why thank you!

Last question, can liver cells do glycolysis, or do they only do gluconeogenesis?

why it makes metabolic sense for adipocytes release leptin in response to short chain fatty acids

Physiological buffer is the system that controls output of acids , bases or CO2 ( carbon dioxide). true or false?