PLease answer the following about bias in cohort studies.

1.Prospective Cohort

     a…What is a bias that this study design avoids?   

     b…What is a bias that this study design is less likely to have?         

     c…What kind of bias this study design mostprone to?         

     d…What kind of bias this study design prone to?      

2.Retrospective Cohort

     a…What is a bias that this study design avoids?       

     b…What is a bias that this study design is less likely to have?         

     c…What kind of bias this study design mostprone to?         

            d…What kind of bias this study design prone to?

Structurally deficient highway bridges. Data on structurally deficient highway bridges is compiled by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and reported in the National Bridge Inventory (NBI). For each state, the NBI lists the number of structurally deficient bridges and the total area (thousands of square feet) of the deficient bridges. The data for the 50 states (plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico). For future planning and budgeting, the FHWA wants to estimate the total area of structurally deficient bridges in a state based on the number of deficient bridges

a) Deplaned on scatterplot, can you use linear regression to predict SDArea based onNumberSD? Explain.

b) Develop a simple linear regression equation to predict SDArea based on NumberSD.

c) Is the model you found in (a) a good fit? Why or why not?

d) Predict the SDArea when the NumberSD is 1260 bridges. Find the corresponding residuals.

e) Build a 90% CI, confidence interval, for coefficient of NumberSD ( b₁).

f) Repeat (e) with a 95% CI. What is the difference between your answer in (e) and (f)?

Describe elastic, inelastic, and completely inelastic collisions. Which type of collisions are you going to investigate in the lab?

Do you expect the linear momentum of the system to be conserved in your experiment?In which part? Explain why.

Do you expect kinetic energy of the system to be conserved in your experiment? In which part? Explain why.

In one trial for inelastic collisions in the experiment, cart 1 has mass m1 and is initially moving with velocity v ⃗_1i to the right. Cart 2 with mass m2 is initially moving with velocity v ⃗_2i also to the right. The velocity of the cart 1 is larger than the velocity of cart 2 causing a collision between both carts. After the collision, the carts stick together and move with velocity v ⃗_f to the right.

Write down the expression for the magnitude of linear momentum of the system before collision.

Write down the expression for the magnitude of linear momentum of the system after the collision.

Write down the expression for the magnitude of kinetic energy of the system before collision.

Write down the expression for the magnitude of the kinetic energy of the system after the collision.

Which demographic variables were assessed by the author for this study? (Select all that apply.)

Research Article Critique, Part One

Illness Representations, Treatment Beliefs, Medication Adherence, and 30-day Hospital Readmission Rates in Adults with Chronic Heart Failure.

(Turrise, 2016)

A.age

B. socioeconomic status

c.zip code

D.education level

E.work status

F .number of children

Introduction

Write in C++ at the Linux command line a program that is the same as the previous collection app project but now uses a class to store the items and also can save the items to a file that can be read back into the array by the user when the program is re-started.

You can use your project 1 submission as a starting point or you can do something new as long as it meets the listed requirements.

Again, try and keep it reasonably simple to do by the due date but still meets the requirements listed below. You will be graded mainly on how well you follow the listed requirements.

REQUIREMENTS

PLEASE SEE THE GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR FURTHER REQUIREMENTS NEEDED. BELOW IS NOT ALL THE REQUIREMENTS NEEDED IN YOUR CODE.

Your program should have as a minimum the following tasks:

a. Allow the user to add entries to the collection. Check for valid data and let the user re-enter if they enter invalid data. Please let the user know what is valid data. Remember that user input should NOT cause your program to malfunction or crash.

b. Allow the user to print out the entire collection. Should not print out blank entries or invalid entries.

c. Allow the user to delete an entry from the collection. Allow users to

choose which entry to delete. If the entry is not found, do print out an error message, don't just do nothing. You can ask the user to re-enter or you can just return to the main function.

d. Allow the user to read in items from a file. Ask the user for a file name, open the file and read in the items from the file into the array. f there are already items in the collection, append to the end of the array. If the file doesn't exist, print out an error message and return the main loop.

e. Allow the user to write out items to a file. Ask the user for a file name (if the file exists; just overwrite the file). The information should be written in a format that can be read back into the program when the user wants to read in the file. Basically, while grading your program I plan to create some items, write the items out to a file, exit the program, re-start the program, then read back in the items. If your program can't do this correctly, you will get points off.

Other tasks can be added but only if the above tasks are also present and working correctly. Extra tasks will be graded for completeness and correctness so make sure they work too.

The program also needs to have the following code structures:

a) An array of objects. The class needs at least 3 member variables. At least one member variable should be numeric (integer or floating point) and at least one member variable should be a string type (C-Strings or the builtin string class). Note that this class is for ONE and only ONE item in the list; don't store a list of items in this class.

b) The code for the class should be in two separate files: A header file (.h) and an implementation file (.cpp). These are in addition to the main.cpp file so in all you need to turn in at least three code files.

c) Member variables must be declared private. Only member functions can be declared public.

d) Must have a 'setter' and a 'getter' for each member variable. You can have other member functions in the class as long as they are doing something with the member variables for one item.

e) Must have at least a default constructor. You can have other parameterized constructors but at least the default one should be there. Initialize strings to an empty string and numbers to zero.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Example Output Runs
Here are 4 runs. Note that any files written out can be read back in when running the program again. Also, reading in will append to the end of the array.
----------------------
RUN 1
----------------------
*** BOOK COLLECTION ***
== Main Menu ==
1 -> read in books from a file
2 -> write out books to a file
3 -> add books to the collection
4 -> print all books
5 -> delete a book from the collection
6 -> quit the program
Please enter a choice (1 to 6)
4
no books in collection
== Main Menu ==
1 -> read in books from a file
2 -> write out books to a file
3 -> add books to the collection
4 -> print all books
5 -> delete a book from the collection
6 -> quit the program
Please enter a choice (1 to 6)
1
Enter file name? books.txt
== Main Menu ==
1 -> read in books from a file
2 -> write out books to a file
3 -> add books to the collection
4 -> print all books
5 -> delete a book from the collection
6 -> quit the program
Please enter a choice (1 to 6)
4
---- 0 ----
title: The Name Of The Wind
author: Patrick Roth
year: 2007
---- 1 ----
title: Lord Of The Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
author: J. R. R. Tolkien
year: 1954
---- 2 ----
title: Mistborn
author: Brandon Sanderson
year: 2006
---- 3 ----
title: A Game Of Thrones
author: George R. R. Martin
year: 1996
---- 4 ----
title: Harry Potter And The Sorcerer's Stone
author: J.K. Rowling
year: 1997
---- 5 ----
title: A Wizard of Earthsea
author: Ursula K. Leguin
year: 1968
== Main Menu ==
1 -> read in books from a file
2 -> write out books to a file
3 -> add books to the collection
4 -> print all books
5 -> delete a book from the collection
6 -> quit the program
Please enter a choice (1 to 6)
3
enter title?
The Way of Kings
enter author?
Brandon Sanderson
enter year? (year should be larger than 0)
2011
Do you want to continue? ('y' or 'n')
n
== Main Menu ==
1 -> read in books from a file
2 -> write out books to a file
3 -> add books to the collection
4 -> print all books
5 -> delete a book from the collection
6 -> quit the program
Please enter a choice (1 to 6)
4
---- 0 ----
title: The Name Of The Wind
author: Patrick Roth
year: 2007
---- 1 ----
title: Lord Of The Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
author: J. R. R. Tolkien
year: 1954
---- 2 ----
title: Mistborn
author: Brandon Sanderson
year: 2006
---- 3 ----
title: A Game Of Thrones
author: George R. R. Martin
year: 1996
---- 4 ----
title: Harry Potter And The Sorcerer's Stone
author: J.K. Rowling
year: 1997
---- 5 ----
title: A Wizard of Earthsea
author: Ursula K. Leguin
year: 1968
---- 6 ----
title: The Way of Kings
author: Brandon Sanderson
year: 2011
== Main Menu ==
1 -> read in books from a file
2 -> write out books to a file
3 -> add books to the collection
4 -> print all books
5 -> delete a book from the collection
6 -> quit the program
Please enter a choice (1 to 6)
2
Enter file name: books2.txt
== Main Menu ==
1 -> read in books from a file
2 -> write out books to a file
3 -> add books to the collection
4 -> print all books
5 -> delete a book from the collection
6 -> quit the program
Please enter a choice (1 to 6)
4
---- 0 ----
title: The Name Of The Wind
author: Patrick Roth
year: 2007
---- 1 ----
title: Lord Of The Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
author: J. R. R. Tolkien
year: 1954
---- 2 ----
title: Mistborn
author: Brandon Sanderson
year: 2006
---- 3 ----
title: A Game Of Thrones
author: George R. R. Martin
year: 1996
---- 4 ----
title: Harry Potter And The Sorcerer's Stone
author: J.K. Rowling
year: 1997
---- 5 ----
title: A Wizard of Earthsea
author: Ursula K. Leguin
year: 1968
---- 6 ----
title: The Way of Kings
author: Brandon Sanderson
year: 2011
== Main Menu ==
1 -> read in books from a file
2 -> write out books to a file
3 -> add books to the collection
4 -> print all books
5 -> delete a book from the collection
6 -> quit the program
Please enter a choice (1 to 6)
6
Thank you for using our program!
----------------------
RUN 2
----------------------
*** BOOK COLLECTION ***
== Main Menu ==
1 -> read in books from a file
2 -> write out books to a file
3 -> add books to the collection
4 -> print all books
5 -> delete a book from the collection
6 -> quit the program
Please enter a choice (1 to 6)
4
no books in collection
== Main Menu ==
1 -> read in books from a file
2 -> write out books to a file
3 -> add books to the collection
4 -> print all books
5 -> delete a book from the collection
6 -> quit the program
Please enter a choice (1 to 6)
1
Enter file name? books2.txt
== Main Menu ==
1 -> read in books from a file
2 -> write out books to a file
3 -> add books to the collection
4 -> print all books
5 -> delete a book from the collection
6 -> quit the program
Please enter a choice (1 to 6)
4
---- 0 ----
title: The Name Of The Wind
author: Patrick Roth
year: 2007
---- 1 ----
title: Lord Of The Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
author: J. R. R. Tolkien
year: 1954
---- 2 ----
title: Mistborn
author: Brandon Sanderson
year: 2006
---- 3 ----
title: A Game Of Thrones
author: George R. R. Martin
year: 1996
---- 4 ----
title: Harry Potter And The Sorcerer's Stone
author: J.K. Rowling
year: 1997
---- 5 ----
title: A Wizard of Earthsea
author: Ursula K. Leguin
year: 1968
---- 6 ----
title: The Way of Kings
author: Brandon Sanderson
year: 2011
== Main Menu ==
1 -> read in books from a file
2 -> write out books to a file
3 -> add books to the collection
4 -> print all books
5 -> delete a book from the collection
6 -> quit the program
Please enter a choice (1 to 6)
6
Thank you for using our program!
------------------

a) Discuss the benefits of wireless network communication with a simple example. [3 Marks]

b) Explain why wireless network communication is slower than wired network communication on most occasions. [2 Marks]

c) Wireless bridges are gaining popularity in connecting discrete campuses or business premises. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of wireless bridges. [5 Marks]

Structurally deficient highway bridges. Data on structurally deficient highway bridges is compiled by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and reported in the National Bridge Inventory (NBI). For each state, the NBI lists the number of structurally deficient bridges and the total area (thousands of square feet) of the deficient bridges. The data for the 50 states (plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico). For future planning and budgeting, the FHWA wants to estimate the total area of structurally deficient bridges in a state based on the number of deficient bridges

e) Build a 90% CI, confidence interval, for coefficient of NumberSD ( ).

f) Repeat (e) with a 95% CI. What is the difference between your answer in (e) and (f)?

A comparative balance sheet and income statement is shown for Cruz, Inc.

Required:

Use the indirect method to prepare the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows. (Amounts to be deducted should be indicated with a minus sign.)
  

Randomly sample 50% of cases from cohort study C and place them in the cells of Table 4 below. If the sample of cases (or controls) is random it will maintain the same ratio of exposed to unexposed among cases and non-cases that is present in cohort C. Next, determine how many controls will be required in table 4 in order to have 1 control for each case. There are two ways to sample the required number of controls from cohort C. First sample “controls 1” from all persons who entered the cohort (column 2 of Table 3), prior to knowledge of disease status. Then, sample “controls 2” from all persons who did not develop the disease during follow-up (Column 4 of Table 3). Although, it’s not realistic, retain two decimal places in the numbers of controls. As your samples of controls must also be random, they should also maintain the same ratio of exposed to unexposed that is present among potential controls in Cohort C.