Compute the northing and easting coordinates for each point on the traverse, assume A=1500.00 northing and 1500.00 easting.

Compute the area of the traverse in square feet and acres.

AB    N31°22’E     261.27’

BC    N79°11’E     322.78’

CD    S19°59’W    517.66’

DA    N53°42’W   342.16’

Consider a spacecraft that is far away from planets or other massive objects. The mass of the spacecraft is M = 1.5×105 kg. The rocket engines are shut off and the spacecraft coasts with a velocity vector v = (0, 20, 0) km/s. The space craft passes the position x = (12, 15, 0) km at which time the spacecraft fires its thruster rockets giving it a net force of F = (6 × 104 , 0, 0) N which is exerted for 3.4 s. The ejected gases have total mass that is small compared to the mass of the spacecraft. a) Where is the space craft 1 hour afterwards? b) What approximations have you made in your analysis?

Kepler’s second law is this statement: A line segment joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time. We are going to prove this statement. Consider the wedge in the figure with area dA = 1 2 R 2 dθ The rate that area is swept per unit time is dA dt = 1 2 R 2 dθ dt = 1 2 R 2 ˙θ and this is true even if radius R is varying. We take the origin to be the center of the Sun and radius R is the distance between planet and Sun. The angle θ gives the position of the planet in the ecliptic plane. Kepler’s second law is equivalent to dA dt = constant or d 2A dt = 0. In class we showed that acceleration in polar coordinates can be written a = (R¨ − R ˙θ 2 )ˆr + (2R˙ ˙θ + R¨θ)θˆ Because the gravitational force is in the radial direction, the tangential component of acceleration is zero. This means that 2R˙ ˙θ + R¨θ = 0 Show that this relation is equivalent to dA/dt = constant and Kepler’s second law.

A spherical hollow is made in a sphere of radius R = 11.3 cm such that its surface touches the outside surface of the sphere and passes through its center (see Figure). The mass of the sphere before hollowing was M = 57.0 kg. What is the magnitude of the gravitational force between the hollowed-out lead sphere and a small sphere of mass m = 4.2 kg, located a distance d = 0.55 m from the center of the lead sphere?

Q.The cells lining the proximal convoluted tubule have numerous microvilli and mitochondria.  What is the implication of the presence of such structures and organelles?

a. Rapid osmosis occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule.

b. Energy-dependent active transport occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule.

c. The proximal convoluted tubule is the site of water conservation.

d. The proximal convoluted tubule is important in the storage of salts.

e. The production of urea requires a large amount of ATP.

Q. Which part of the kidney is the major site of glucose, amino acids, and vitamins resorption?

a. Bowman’s capsule.

b. The vasa recta.

c. The distal convoluted tubule.

d. The loop of Henle.

e. The proximal convoluted tubule.

Q. Two brine-filled compartments are separated by a water-permeable membrane (similar to the dialysis tubing we used in the laboratory).  The solution in compartment A has a higher osmotic pressure than compartment B.  This means that:

a. water will move from compartment B to compartment A.

b. water will move from compartment A to compartment B.

c. compartment A has a higher volume than compartment B.

d. the molecules in compartment A are larger than those in compartment B.

• If a circular plasmid is cut one with a restriction enzyme what is the result?

• how do we determine how many times a restriction enzyme cut.

define the following terms: biotechnology, plasmid, selectalbe marker, multiple cloning site, restriction enzyme, restriction enzyme site, DNA transformation, annealing

Explain how an organic solvent like hexane could inhibit enzyme action. . Explain how addition of base could inhibit enzyme action.

18. A transition-state analog:
a. is less stable when binding to an enzyme than the normal substrate.
b. resembles the active site of general acid-base enzymes.
c. resembles the transition-state structure of the normal enzyme-substrate complex
d. stabilizes the transition state for the normal enzyme-substrate complex.
e. typically reacts more rapidly with an enzyme than the normal substrate.

12. Antibodies are used for the following purposes (circle all that apply):
a. to specifically labeling proteins in electrophoresis assays
b. as catalysts
c. as FDA-approved drugs
d. as a dessert topping
e. for protein purification

An enzyme catalyzes the reaction S → P. The table shows how the reaction rate (v) of the enzyme varies with the substrate concentration [S].

a) Create a Lineweaver-Burk plot of the data given in the table above.
b) Calculate Km, Vm, and Vm / Kmfor the enzyme.
c) Also calculate kcat and kcat / Km (the specificity constant) when given that
  [E] = 10 nM.d) How saturated will an enzyme be if the activity is measured at a substrate concentration 2x greater than Km? Give the answer as a percentage of Vm.