1, Describe the mutation in the DNA molecule that leads to sickle cell disease. (What change is there in the DNA?)
2. How did this mutation affect the amino acid sequence in the hemoglobin protein? (Which amino acid was different?)
3. What was the effect on the actual hemoglobin protein caused by this amino acid change?
4. How do the changes in the red blood cells relate to the symptoms

Which of these is NOT a true statement? (Why is the answer B?)

a. All Lewis bases are also Brønsted-Lowry bases.

b. All Lewis acids contain hydrogen.

c. All Brønsted-Lowry acids contain hydrogen.

e. All Lewis acids are electron deficient.

f. According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, water is both an acid and a base.

Every biochemistry student knows that most naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids are "cis" fatty acids. Why then do so many fat-containing foods come with the notation "contains no trans fats"?

A) Vegetable oils contain polyunsaturated fatty acids prone to oxidation, which then convert them to trans fats.

B) Olive oils, normally healthy oils, are converted to trans fat when cooked at high temperatures. Thus, olive oils are used only at low temperatures.

C) Vegetable oils are often hydrogenated to form trans unsaturated fatty acids to preserve shelf life.

D) Oils that contain an odd number of carbon atoms are particularly susceptible to reduction to trans fats. Thus, no odd number carbon fatty acids are used in these foods.

List the fruit peels other than orange having esterase enzyme and compare them based on the quantity of the enzyme.

What do you think your 93rd amino acid is for this protein?

the amino acid sequence of the protein coded for by the wild-type TYRP1 is just below.

In simple M-M kinetics, the units of kcat are s–1. Discuss how the units are consistent with the name “turnover number.” If kcat is large, what does that imply about the enzyme? Discuss the term catalytic efficiency; what does it mean for an enzyme to be efficient? How is it consistent with the term for catalytic efficiency (kcat /Km)? Discuss the contribution of the terms kcat and KM to the overall term of catalytic efficiency.

Discuss the meaning of enzyme reaction mechanism in the context of catalysis. How does the study of enzyme kinetics relate to reaction mechanism?

6. Glucose is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide with the concomitant production of several reduced electron carrier molecules. Oxidative phosphorylation ensures the regeneration of these electron carrier molecules.

A. Cell Y is able to carry out glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. However, a certain mutation in ATP synthase allows the passage of H+ ions but does not produce ATP. When grown in aerobic conditions, would you expect Cell Y to generate a little less OR a little more OR the same amount of ATP as a cell that was fermenting. Explain your choice. (2.5 points)

B. Cell Z is able to carry out glycolysis, citric acid cycle and the first few steps of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. An experiment showed that addition of Inhibitor X prevented the transfer of electrons to the last protein in the electron transfer chain and glycolysis stopped immediately, even before all the ATP was depleted. Explain this observation. (2.5 points)

1 The Krebs Cycle occurs in/on the

A matrix of the mitochondria.

B cristae (inner membrane) of the mitochondria.

C stroma of the chloroplast.

D cytoplasm of the cell.

E thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast.

At the end of glycolysis,

A a net of 2 ATP have been produced.

B one NADH has been produced.

C oxygen is released.

D two FADH2 have been produced.

E one glucose has been produced.

The majority of ATP produced by aerobic respiration is made in

A glycolysis.

B the Krebs Cycle.

C the electron transport chain.

D fermentation.

Glycolysis occurs in/on the

A matrix of the mitochondria.

B cristae (inner membrane) of the mitochondria.

C stroma of the chloroplast.

D cytoplasm of the cell.

E thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast.

_______________________ are stripped from the intermediate organic molecules of the Krebs Cycle.

A carbon and hydrogen atoms

B oxygen and electrons

C H+ and electrons

D ATP and NAD