The term “Marketing Myopia” was coined by the late Harvard Business School marketing professor, Theodore Levitt, in a 1960 HBR article (republished in 2004). The “heart of the article,” according to Deighton, a distinguished Harvard Professor, is Levitt’s argument that companies are too focused on producing goods or services and don’t spend enough time understanding what customers want or need. Therefore, he “encouraged executives to switch from a production orientation to a consumer orientation.” As Levitt used to tell his students, “People don’t want a quarter-inch drill. They want a quarter-inch hole!”

“The genius of the original article is that it is so easy to be myopic when it comes to marketing,” says Deighton. “Any marketer is obligated to be concerned with programs, tactics, campaigns, etc. Unfortunately, the clock never stops long enough to answer the question, ‘Why are you doing what you are doing?’ So it’s far too easy to lose sight of the big picture.” The other thing that made the article so significant at the time of its publication is that it reminded CEOs that marketing is part of their job: “[Levitt] tells the leader of the organization: you are in business because you have a customer. Therefore you have to think about marketing,” Deighton explains.

In 2010, Craig Smith at INSEAD, Minette Drumwright at UT Austin, and Mary Gentile at Babson, published a paper criticizing Marketing Myopia. They posited that marketers have taken Levitt’s advice to an extreme, creating a new kind of short sightedness, marked by a single-minded focus on the customer, a narrow definition of the customer, and a failure to address the multiple stakeholders who have arisen out of the “changed societal context of business”. There is no doubt that Levitt believed the entire corporation must be viewed as a customer-creating and customer-satisfying organism, and Deighton admits that this is one of the potential pitfalls of Levitt’s original idea: it “puts great trust in the consumer.” In his original article, Levitt acknowledged how difficult it can be to listen to customers; he wrote: “Consumers are unpredictable, varied, fickle, stupid, shortsighted, stubborn, and generally bothersome.” But Smith, Drumwright, and Gentile go even further, arguing that it’s not just about listening to consumers but about hearing all of the stakeholders who contribute to your company’s success.

1. Do you agree or disagree with Smith, Drumwright and Gentile’s assessment of the concept of Marketing Myopia? Why or why not? What stakeholder(s) might be important to listen to in formulating a new take on marketing Myopia and why?

Write a Python program that performs the following list operations.

Part A

1. Define a list called numList with elements.

84, 94, 27, 74, 19, 90, 16, 21, 56, 50, 77, 59, 41, 63, 18, 26, 80, 74, 57, 30, 40, 93, 70, 28, 14, 11, 43,65, 91, 83, 22, 53, 74, 44, 73, 55, 47, 74, 81

2. Display the followings:
   • All the numbers in numList
   • The number of elements in numList
   • The smallest number in numList
   • The largest number in numList
   • The sum of all the numbers in numList
   • The number of times 74 appears in numList

Part B

1. Define an empty list called dogNames and display it.

2. Add the following names to dogNames and display all the names in the dogNames list.

Max, Lola, Buddy, Coco, Teddy

3. Display all the names in the dogNames list after each of the following updates.

   • Add the name ‘Benji’ at the end of the dogNames list.
   • Add the name ‘Chico’ at the beginning of the dogNames list (as the first element).
   • Add the name ‘Nala’ after the name ‘Coco’.
   • Add the name ‘Mimi’ before the name ‘Buddy’.

4. Define another list called catNames with elements and display all the names in catNames list.

Kitty, Simba, Shadow, Coco, Pepper, Tiger

5. Create a new list called petNames by joining the dogNames and catName list. Note that in petNames list, all the dog names come before the cat names. Display all the names in petNames list.

6. Display the followings using petNames list.

   • The total number of names in petNames.
   • The number of times the name ‘Coco’ appears in petNames.
   • The index of the pet name ‘Coco’ in petNames.
   • The first pet name that appears in chronological order based on Unicode. Hint:Use min function.
   • The last pet name that appears in chronological order based on Unicode. Hint: Use max function.

7. Delete the last name in petNames list and display both the deleted name and the updated petName list.

8. Delete the first name in petNames list and display both the deleted name and the updated petName list.

9. Delete the first occurrence of the pet name ‘Coco’ using the remove() method and the deleted name and the updated petName list.

10. In a comment, explain the reason to get None as the deleted name in your output for part 9.

. A department has net retail sales of $75,000.00. They have taken reductions of $15,000.00 over the course of the season. The cost of the merchandise was $35,000.00

a) What is the total retail value of this department? ________

b) What was the original IMU% ____________________

c) What is the MMU of this department?________________

5. Name the three major areas that contribute to reductions at retail, and therefore affect the MMU%

Charlotte Computer Services is considering purchasing equipment at $100 000. It is anticipated the equipment will have a useful life of five years. It will be depreciated on a straight-line basis. Operating revenue is expected to be $74 000 per annum and operating expenses $25 000 per annum. The equipment is subject to an investment allowance of 10 per cent and the tax rate is 30 per cent. The after-tax hurdle rate is 12 per cent.
a) The reduction in tax due to the investment allowance is?
b) What is the tax effect of the depreciation?
c) What is the Net Present Value of the investment?

A pension fund manager is considering three mutual funds. The first is a stock fund, the second is a long-term government and corporate bond fund, and the third is a T-bill money market fund that yields a sure rate of 4.3%. The probability distributions of the risky funds are:

The correlation between the fund returns is .0630.

What is the reward-to-volatility ratio of the best feasible CAL? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)

Reward-to-volatility ratio ???????

How do nerves contribute to the regulation of osmoregulation?

How do muscles contribute to the regulation of osmoregulation?

How does cell signalling contribute to the regulation of Osmoregulation?