A diet with ample carbohydrate ensures an adequate supply of oxaloacetate because glucose produces (glycerol, pyruvate, or acetyl CoA)    during glycolysis.

In the electron transport chain, the coenzyme,( B vitamin niacin, B vitamin thiamine, or B vitamin biotin) , passes hydrogen and electrons to oxygen to form water, which is essential to life.

In the Cori cycle or anaerobic glycolysis, (acetyl CoA, ADP, or ATP) is released to convert lactate to glucose, which is returned to the muscles for energy.

451 438 430 471 434 449 460 470 449 452 448 445 454 452 442 436 457 446 462 454 414 453 457 442 442 447 446 447 456 447 431 452 437 446 466 454 443 439 443 433 Assuming that the population standard deviation for the 40 arrival times above is 12. And you are performing a 1-sample t test… A) How many data points would be needed if you wanted to detect a difference of 5 minutes. Assume that alpha is 0.05. Beta is 0.10 (Power is .9). B) Given that you have already collected 40 data points, what was the Power of the test? Assume alpha is 0.05 and the difference is 5 again. C) Suppose you would like to look at several possibilities at once…Find the sample size needed if the difference is 3, 4 and 5 minutes while the power is 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9.

1. (7pt) The Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) contains three sections: critical reading, mathematics and writing. Each part is scored on a 500-point scale. Information on test scores for the 2018 version of SAT is available at the College Board website. A sample of SAT scores for 5 students follow:

                                                                                                                       ANOVA Table

                 SAT scores - 2017

1. (5pt) Conduct a Fisher’s LSD test allowing for 5% error.

2. (2pt) The level of difficulty for all the three sections of the SAT, measured by the score, are supposed to be the same. Do you agree with this after the results of the LSD test? WHY?

Any change in the amino acid sequence of TAS2R38 has the potential to interfere with this signal diagrammed above. the amino acid difference at position 49, which alters a proline to an alanine, is in the part of GPCR protein that is located on the intracellular side of the membrane. what step in cell signaling could changing the amino aside at position 49 interrupt?

1. Joshua used gel filtration chromatography to purify protein Z from crude homogenate prepared from Arabidopsis plants. He noticed that protein Z appeared to have eluted from the column in two separate peaks. Using a standard curve, he calculated the MW of protein Z eluted in the first peak to be 156 KDa, and the protein Z eluted in the second peak had the apparent MW of 78 KDa. Which one do you think is the correct MW? What does this tell you about the structure of the protein?

2. Read the following paragraph and correct all errors (4.15 points).

An unemployed high school student, Summer, has isolated a protein from a juniper tree with an overall negative charge. He performs ion exchange chromatography using a cationic resin with blue dextran to aid the proteins association with the column. As the proteins come off the column, the spec shows 4 peaks, only the first peak (wash peak) shows activity in an enzyme assay. Since all fractions associated with this peak had activity, they were pooled and total protein assayed. Total protein analysis was assayed using Bicine reagent which interacts with proteins to cause a change in absorption when measured with a spectrophotometer. The results of the total protein calculation showed that there was a modest decrease in total protein which means that there was a large amount of pure protein of his interest present in the sample.

3.You have accidentally mixed a bunch of amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine, alanine, selenocysteine, proline, arginine) together and once your boss finds out, you will be fired on the spot. Your only hope of saving your job is to separate them before anyone finds out. You decide that the only viable option is to use ion exchange chromatography. Explain, in detail, how you would do this? (4.15 points)

4. Why should you not lose any LDH in your 20k x g spin? How does this explain an increase the fold purification of LDH in your 20k x g sample compared to your crude homogenate? (2 points)

Strong acids and bases completely dissociate in water. classify the following chemical compounds as strong acids, weak acids, strong bases, and weak bases.

1. H2SO4

2. KOH

3. HI

4. HCN

5. H2S

6. KF

7. Be(OH)2

8. NH3

1. What is an enzyme?

2. How does an enzyme work? how does an enzyme, such as amylase, break down polysaccharides?

3. how does this compare to your mechanism by which saccharides break down in the stomach? Explain.

4. Do all sugars produce glucose when they break down?

5. Why is mother's milk lactose instead of maltose? What might be the difference between the two?

-A typed answer would be best, if not, please neat handwriting, thanks! :)

Silver ions are known to react with the sulfhydryl groups of proteins and therefore and inhibit the action of certain enzymes. In one reaction, 0.0075 g of AgNO3 is needed to completely inactivate a 5-mL enzyme solution. Estimate the molar mass of the enzyme. Explain why the molar mass obtained represents the minimum value. The concentration of the enzyme solution is such that 1 mL of the solution contains 75 mg of the enzyme. Assume there is a 1:1 binding between silver ions and the protein.

For the simple enzyme model E + A<---> EA<---> E + P (with rate constants k1, k2, k3) Derive the expressions for the fraction of the total enzyme present as the free enzyme and for the fraction of the total enzyme present as the EA complex (simply the expressions to ensure they only contain A and Km as terms). Plot (E)/Et and (EA)/Et as a function of (A)/Km. Vary (A)/Km = 0.1 to 10 over about 10 concentrations. Say in a few words what this plot tells you