• Write the definition of a class, swimmingPool, to implement the properties of a swimming pool.

1. Your class should have the instance variables to store the length (in feet), width (in feet), depth (in feet), the rate (in gallons per minute) at which the water is filling the pool, and the rate (in gallons per minute) at which the water is draining from the pool.
2. Add appropriate constructors to initialize the instance variables.
3. Also, add member functions to do the following: determine the amount of water needed to fill an empty or partially filled pool, determine the time needed to completely or partially fill or empty the pool, and add or drain water for a specific amount of time.
4. This program must have a main program that utilizes a header file that defines the class and an implementation file containing the constructions and functions used in the class definitions.
   • The main program will prompt the user for information using a the pool’s parameter constructor or default constructor with setters and getters.
   • The main program should use the pool class to determine how much and how long it will take fill an empty pool.
   • The main program should use the pool class to determine how much and how long it will take to fill an partially filled pool.
   • The main program should use the pool class to determine how much and how long it will take to empty a full pool.
   • The main program should use the pool class to determine how much and how long it will take to empty a partial filled pool.

• Test the Results: The objective of testing your program is to make sure you are producing a quality product and that it is operating the way you expect it to work. "It complied, it should work" is not a sufficient test methodology.

1. Include both normal and abnormal input.
   A normal test is entering data that is expected. Please test your code with a set of input data that will verify that your program work under normal parameters.
   An abnormal test is a test that is expected, but will provide errors back to the user, identifying the error and what was expected. This is usually a boundary test.
2. Try to cover all paths through your program.
   Code coverage is identifying all possible paths that could be completed in your program.

a. The 2014 Annual Report for Rolls-Royce Holdings plc:

"

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT

to the members of Rolls-Royce Holdings plc only

OPINIONS AND CONCLUSIONS ARISING FROM OUR AUDIT

1 OUR OPINION ON THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS IS UNMODIFIED We have audited the Financial Statements of Rolls-Royce Holdings plc for the year ended 31 December 2014 set out
on pages 95 to 151. In our opinion:

the Financial Statements give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s and of the parent company’s affairs as at 31 December 2014 and of the Group’s profit for the year then ended;

the Group Financial Statements have been properly prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the European Union (Adopted IFRS);

the parent company Financial Statements have been properly prepared in accordance with UK Accounting Standards; and

the Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and, as regards the Group Financial Statements, Article 4 of the IAS Regulation.

2 OUR ASSESSMENT OF RISKS OF MATERIAL MISSTATEMENT
We summarise below the risks of material misstatement that had the greatest effect on our audit, our key audit procedures to address those risks and our findings from those procedures in order that the Company’s members as a body may better understand the process by which we arrived at our audit opinion. Our findings are the result of procedures undertaken in the context of and solely for the purpose of our statutory audit opinion on the Financial Statements as a whole and consequently are incidental to that opinion, and
we do not express discrete opinions on separate elements of the Financial Statements.

Given the long-term nature of the Group’s business, it is inevitable that the risks that had the greatest effect on our audit change little from year to year. Nevertheless, there have been a number of changes from 2013, the most significant being:

for the 2014 audit, due to a number of revisions to the Group’s published guidance on revenue and profit, we significantly increased our focus and work on the risk relating to The pressure on and incentives for management to meet revised revenue and profit guidance;

the audit work in connection with the risk relating to Accounting for risk and revenue sharing arrangements was substantially less than that required in the 2013 audit as the Financial Reporting Council’s enquiry was concluded during the 2013 audit, there have been no changes to relevant accounting standards and only a small number of new agreements have been entered into this year; and

the risks relating to Accounting for the consolidation of Rolls-Royce Power Systems Holding GmbH and the valuation of Daimler AG’s put option required substantially less audit effort than in earlier years when the transactions took place, in part due to the exercise of the put option by Daimler AG during 2014.

The pressure on and incentives for management to meet revised revenue and profit guidance
Refer to pages 32 to 41 (Business reviews) and pages 69 to 71 (Audit Committee report – Financial reporting)

The risk – The Group published a number of revisions to its revenue and profit guidance during the year with a generally decreasing trend in profit and revenue and there have been significant associated decreases in the Group’s share price. The Chief Executive clearly instructed the Executive Leadership Team and the senior finance executives on more than one occasion not to take any account of the pressure to meet forecasts in preparing the financial results and to be alert to how this might affect personnel across the wider Group. Nevertheless, the heightened pressure on and incentives for management to meet the latest guidance increased the inherent risk of manipulation of the Financial Statements.

The financial results are sensitive to significant estimates and judgements, particularly in respect of revenues and costs associated with long-term contracts, and there is a broad range
of acceptable outcomes of these that could lead to different profit and revenue reported in the Financial Statements. Relatively small changes in the basis of those judgements and estimates could result in the Group meeting, exceeding or falling short of guidance.

Our response – We have: (i) extended our enquiries designed
to assess whether management had applied unconscious bias
or had taken systematic actions to manipulate the reported results; (ii) compared the results to forecasts and challenged variances at
a much more granular level than we would otherwise have done based on our understanding of factors affecting business performance with corroboration using external data where possible; (iii) applied an increased level of scepticism throughout the audit by increasing the involvement of the senior audit team personnel, with particular focus on audit procedures designed
to assess whether revenues and costs have been recognised
in the correct accounting period and whether central adjustments were appropriate; and (iv) challenged our entire audit approach based on an independent review by personnel with no other involvement in the audit.

In particular:

• when considering the risk relating to The measurement of revenue and profit in the Civil aerospace business, we challenged the basis for changes in the estimated revenues and costs in long-term contracts with a heightened awareness of the possibility of unconscious or systematic bias; and

• when considering the risk relating to The presentation of underlying profit, we sought to identify items that affected profit (and/or the trend in profit) unevenly in frequency or amount
at a much lower level than we would otherwise have done and
to assess the transparency of disclosure of these items.

Our findings – Aside from one transaction which had a very small impact on the Group’s profit and which was subsequently corrected by management, our testing did not identify any indication of manipulation of results. We found the degree of caution/optimism adopted in estimates to be broadly consistent with that adopted in the previous year with no indication of conscious or unconscious bias.

154 Rolls-Royce Holdings plc

Annual Report 2014

The basis of accounting for revenue and profit in the Civil aerospace business
Refer to page 101 and 102 (Key areas of judgement – Introduction, Contractual aftermarket rights, Linkage of original and long-term aftermarket contracts), pages 104 and 105 (Significant accounting policies – Revenue recognition) and pages 69 to 71 (Audit Committee report – Financial reporting)

The risk – The amount of revenue and profit recognised in a year on the sale of engines and aftermarket services is dependent, inter alia, on the appropriate assessment of whether or not each long-term aftermarket contract for services is linked to or separate from

the contract for sale of the related engines as this drives the accounting basis to be applied. As the commercial arrangements can be complex, significant judgement is applied in selecting the accounting basis in each case. The most significant risk is that the Group might inappropriately account for sales of engines and long-term service agreements as a single arrangement for accounting purposes as this would usually lead to revenue and profit being recognised too early because the margin in the long-term service agreement is usually higher than the margin
in the engine sale agreement.

Our response – We re-evaluated the appropriateness of the accounting bases the Group applies in the Civil aerospace
business by reference to accounting standards, including examining correspondence and attending meetings between
the Group and the Financial Reporting Council and re-examining historical long-term aftermarket contracts. We considered whether the enhanced disclosure included in the Financial Statements following this dialogue enables shareholders to understand how the accounting policies represent the commercial substance

of the Group’s contracts with its customers. We made our own independent assessment, with reference to the relevant accounting standards, of the accounting basis that should be applied to each long-term aftermarket contract entered into during the year and compared this to the accounting basis applied by the Group.

Our findings – We found that the Group has developed
a framework for selecting the accounting bases which is consistent with a balanced interpretation of accounting standards(2013 audit finding: balanced) and has applied this consistently. We found that the enhanced disclosure was ample. For the agreements entered into during this year, it was clear which accounting basis should apply.

The measurement of revenue and profit in the Civil aerospace business
Refer to pages 101 and 102 (Key areas of judgement – Measurement of performance on long-term aftermarket contracts), pages 104 and 105 (Significant accounting policies – Revenue recognition

and TotalCare arrangements) and pages 69 to 71 (Audit Committee report – Financial reporting)

The risk – The amount of revenue and profit recognised in a year
on the sale of engines and aftermarket services is dependent,
inter alia, on the assessment of the percentage of completion of long-term aftermarket contracts and the forecast cost profile of each arrangement. As long-term aftermarket contracts can extend over significant periods and the profitability of these arrangements typically assumes significant life-cycle cost improvement over the term of the contracts, the estimated outturn requires significant judgement to be applied in assessing engine flying hours, time on wing and other operating parameters, the pattern of future maintenance activity and the costs to be incurred. The inherent nature of these estimates means that their continual refinement can have an impact on the profits of the Civil aerospace business that can be significant in an individual financial year. The assessment of the estimated outturn for each arrangement involves detailed calculations using large and complex databases with

a significant level of manual intervention.

Our response – We tested the controls designed and applied by
the Group to provide assurance that the estimates used in assessing revenue and cost profiles are appropriate and that the resulting estimated cumulative profit on such contracts is accurately reflected in the Financial Statements; these controls operated over both the inputs and the outputs of the calculations. We challenged the appropriateness of these estimates for each programme and assessed whether or not the estimates showed any evidence of conscious or unconscious management bias in the context of the heightened pressure on and incentives for management to meet
the latest guidance discussed above. Our challenge was based on our assessment of the historical accuracy of the Group’s estimates
in previous periods, identification and analysis of changes in assumptions from prior periods and an assessment of the consistency of assumptions across programmes, detailed assessments of the achievability of the Group’s plans to reduce life-cycle costs and an analysis of the impact of these plans on forecast cost profiles taking account of contingencies and analysis of the impact of known technical issues on cost forecasts. Our analysis considered each significant airframe that is powered by the Group’s engines and was based on our own experience supplemented by discussions with an aircraft valuation specialist engaged by the Group. We assessed whether the valuer was objective and suitably qualified. We also checked the mathematical accuracy of the revenue and profit for each arrangement and considered the implications of identified errors and changes in estimates.

Our findings – In 2013, our testing identified weaknesses in the design and operation of controls and we assessed the effectiveness of the Group’s plans for addressing these weaknesses. In planning the 2014 audit, we anticipated that the control weaknesses identified in 2013 audit would be remediated. However, our testing identified continuing, albeit reduced, control weaknesses in some areas and so, as in 2013, we increased the scope and depth of our detailed testing and analysis from that originally planned. Overall, our assessment is that the assumptions and resulting estimates

Other Information

155

Other Information

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT

CONTINUED

(including appropriate contingencies) resulted in mildly cautious(2013 audit finding: mildly cautious) profit recognition and we found no indication of conscious or unconscious bias.

Recoverability of intangible assets (certification costs and participation fees, development expenditure and contractual aftermarket rights) and amounts recoverable on contracts primarily in the Civil aerospace business
Refer to page 103 (Key sources of estimation uncertainty – Forecasts and discount rates), pages 107 and 108 (Significant accounting policies – Certification costs and participation fees, Research and development, Contractual aftermarket rights and Impairment of non-current assets), page 122 (Note 9 to the Financial Statements
– Intangible assets) and pages 69 to 71 (Audit Committee report – Financial reporting)

The risk – The recovery of these assets depends on a combination of achieving sufficiently profitable business in the future as well as the ability of customers to pay amounts due under contracts often over a long period of time. Assets relating to a particular engine programme are more prone to the risk of impairment

in the early years of a programme as the engine’s market position is established. In addition, the pricing of business with launch customers makes assets relating to these engines more prone
to the risk of impairment.

Our response – We tested the controls designed and applied by the Group to provide assurance that the assumptions used in preparing the impairment calculations are regularly updated, that changes are monitored, scrutinised and approved by appropriate personnel and that the final assumptions used in impairment testing have been appropriately approved. We challenged the appropriateness of the key assumptions in the impairment test (including market size, market share, pricing, engine and aftermarket unit costs, individual programme assumptions, price and cost escalation, discount rate and exchange rates) focusing particularly on those assets with

a higher risk of impairment (those relating to the Trent 900 programme and launch customers on the Trent 900 and Trent 1000 programmes). Our challenge was based on our assessment of the historical accuracy of the Group’s estimates in previous periods, our understanding of the commercial prospects of key engine programmes, identification and analysis of changes in assumptions from prior periods and an assessment of the consistency of assumptions across programmes and customers and comparison of assumptions with publicly available data where this was available. We tested the mathematical accuracy of the impairment calculations. We considered whether the disclosures in note 9 to the Financial Statements describe the inherent degree of subjectivity in the estimates and the potential impact on future periods of revisions to these estimates.

Our findings – Our testing did not identify weaknesses in the design and operation of controls that would have required us
to expand the nature or scope of our planned detailed test work. We found that the assumptions and resulting estimates were balanced (2013 audit finding: balanced) and that the disclosures were proportionate (2013 audit finding: proportionate). We found no errors in calculations (2013 audit finding: none).

Liabilities arising from sales financing arrangements

Refer to page 103 (Key areas of judgement – Customer financing contingent liabilities), page 109 (Significant accounting policies – Sales financing support), pages 137 and 138 (Note 18
to the Financial Statements – Provisions for liabilities and charges) and pages 69 to 71 (Audit Committee report – Financial reporting)

The risk – The Group has contingent liabilities in respect of financing and asset value support provided to customers. This support typically takes the form of a guarantee with respect to
the value of an aircraft at a future date, a commitment to buy used aircraft or a guarantee of a customer’s future payments under an aircraft financing arrangement. Judgement is required to assess the likelihood of these liabilities crystallising, in order to assess whether a provision should be recognised and, if so, the amount of that provision. The total potential liability is significant and can be affected by the assessment of the residual value of the aircraft

and the creditworthiness of the customers.

Our response – We analysed the terms of guarantees on aircraft delivered during the year in detail and obtained aircraft values from and held discussions with aircraft valuation specialists engaged
by the Group. We assessed whether the valuer was objective and suitably qualified, had been appropriately instructed and had been provided with complete, accurate data on which to base its evaluation. For all contracts on delivered aircraft, we assessed the commercial factors relevant to the likelihood of the guarantees being called, including the credit ratings and recent financial performance of the relevant customers and their fleet plans, and critically assessed the Group’s estimate of the required provisions for those liabilities. We considered movements in aircraft values and potential changes in the assessed probability of a liability crystallising since the previous year end and considered whether the evidence supported the Group’s assessment as to whether or not a liability needs to be recognised and the amount of the liability recognised or contingent liability disclosed. We considered whether the related disclosure in note 18 to the Financial Statements appropriately explains the potential liability in excess of the amount provided for in the Financial Statements for delivered aircraft and highlights the significant but unquantifiable contingent liability

in respect of aircraft which will be delivered in the future.

Our findings – We found that the assumptions and estimates were balanced (2013 audit finding: balanced) and that the disclosures were proportionate (2013 audit finding: proportionate).

156 Rolls-Royce Holdings plc Annual Report 2014

Bribery and corruption

Refer to page 147 (Note 23 to the Financial Statements – Contingent liabilities) and pages 69 to 71 (Audit Committee report – Financial reporting)

The risk – A large part of the Group’s business is characterised by competition for individually significant contracts with customers, which are often directly or indirectly associated with governments, and the award of individually significant contracts to suppliers. The procurement processes associated with these activities are highly susceptible to the risk of corruption. In addition the Group operates in a number of territories where the use of commercial intermediaries is either required by the government or is normal practice. In December 2013, the Group announced that it had been informed by the Serious Fraud Office in the UK that it had commenced a formal investigation into bribery and corruption in overseas markets. The Group is cooperating with the Serious Fraud Office and other agencies, including the US Department of Justice. Breaches of laws and regulations in this area can lead to fines, penalties, criminal prosecution, commercial litigation and restrictions on future business.

Our response – We evaluated and tested the Group’s policies, procedures and controls over the selection and renewal of intermediaries, contracting arrangements, ongoing management, payments and responses to suspected breaches of policy. We sought to identify and tested payments made to intermediaries during

the year, made enquiries of appropriate personnel and evaluated the tone set by the Board and the Executive Leadership Team and the Group’s approach to managing this risk. Having enquired of management, the Audit Committee and the Board as to whether the Group is in compliance with laws and regulations relating to bribery and corruption, we made written enquiries of the Group’s legal advisers to corroborate the results of those enquiries and maintained a high level of vigilance to possible indications of significant non-compliance with laws and regulations relating

to bribery and corruption whilst carrying out our other audit procedures. We discussed the areas of potential or suspected breaches of law, including the ongoing investigation, with the
Audit Committee and the Board as well as the Group’s legal advisers and assessed related documentation. We assessed whether the disclosure in note 23 to the Financial Statements of the Group’s exposure to the financial effects of potential or suspected breaches of law or regulation complies with accounting standards and in particular whether it is the case that the investigation remains

at too early a stage to assess the consequences (if any), including in particular the size of any possible fines.

Our findings – We found that disclosure to be proportionate(2013 audit finding: proportionate).

Presentation and explanation of results

Refer to pages 32 to 41 (Business reviews), pages 28 to 31 (Financial Review), pages 112 and 113 (Note 2 to the Financial Statements – Segmental analysis) and pages 69 to 71 (Audit Committee report – Financial reporting)

The presentation of ‘underlying profit’

The risk – In addition to its Adopted IFRS Financial Statements,
the Group presents an alternative income statement on an ‘underlying’ basis. The directors believe the ‘underlying’ income statement reflects better the Group’s trading performance during the year. The basis of adjusting between the Adopted IFRS and ‘underlying’ income statements and a full reconciliation between them is set out in note 2 to the Financial Statements on pages 110 and 113. A significant recurring adjustment between the Adopted IFRS income statement and the ‘underlying’ income statement relates to the foreign exchange rates used to translate foreign currency transactions. The Group uses forward foreign exchange contracts to manage the cash flow exposures of forecast transactions denominated in foreign currencies but does not generally apply hedge accounting in its Adopted IFRS income statement. The ‘underlying’ income statement translates these amounts at the achieved foreign exchange rate on forward foreign exchange contracts settled in the period, retranslates assets and liabilities at exchange rates forecast to be achieved from future settlement of such contracts and excludes unrealised gains and losses on such contracts which are included in the Adopted IFRS income statement. The Group has discretion over which forward foreign exchange contracts are settled in each financial year, which could impact the achieved rate both for the period and in the future. In addition, adjustments are made to exclude one-off past-service costs on post-retirement schemes, restructuring activities that significantly change the shape of the Group’s operations and the effect of acquisition accounting and a number of other items. Alternative performance measures can provide shareholders with appropriate additional information if properly used and presented. In such cases, measures such as these can assist shareholders in gaining a better understanding of a company’s financial performance and strategy. However, when improperly used and presented, these kinds of measures might prevent the Annual Report being fair, balanced and understandable by hiding the real financial position and results or by making the profitability of the reporting entity seem more attractive.

Our response – We assessed the appropriateness of the basis for the adjustments between the Adopted IFRS income statement and the ‘underlying’ income statement and recalculated the adjustments with a particular focus on the impact of the foreign exchange rates used to translate foreign currency amounts in the ‘underlying’ income statement. We assessed whether or not the selection of forward foreign exchange contracts settled in the year showed any evidence of management bias. We also assessed: (i) the extent to which the prominence given to the ‘underlying’ financial information and related commentary in the Annual Report compared to the Adopted IFRS financial information and related commentary could be misleading; (ii) whether the Adopted IFRS

and ‘underlying’ financial information are reconciled with sufficient prominence given to that reconciliation; (iii) whether the basis of the ‘underlying’ financial information is clearly and accurately described and consistently applied; and (iv) whether the ‘underlying’ financial information is not otherwise misleading in the form and context in which it appears in the Annual Report.

Other Information

157

Other Information

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT

CONTINUED

Our findings – We found no concerns regarding the basis
of the ‘underlying’ financial information or its calculation and
no indication of management bias in the settlement of forward foreign exchange contracts. We consider that there is proportionate disclosure of the nature and amounts of the adjustments to
allow shareholders to understand the implications of the two
bases on the financial measures being presented (2013 audit finding: proportionate). We found the overall presentation
of the ‘underlying’ financial information to be balanced
(2013 audit finding: balanced).

Disclosure of the effect on the trend in profit of items which are uneven in frequency or amount
The risk – The Group’s profits are significantly impacted by items such as cumulative adjustments to profit recognised on long-term contracts, sale and leasebacks of spare engines to joint ventures, research and development charges, reorganisation costs and foreign exchange translation which can be uneven in frequency and/or amount. If significant either to the profit for the year or to the trend in profit, appropriate disclosure of the effect of these items is necessary in the Annual Report and Financial Statements to provide the information necessary to enable shareholders to assess the Group’s performance.

Our response – We sought to identify items that affect profit
(and the trend in profit) which are uneven in frequency or amount at a much lower level than we would otherwise have done and to assess the transparency of disclosure of these items.

Our findings – We identified a number of significant items that had affected profit for the year or the prior year that required appropriate disclosure in the Annual Report to enable shareholders to assess the Group’s performance. We found that proportionate disclosure of these items had been provided in the Annual Report and Financial Statements taken as a whole.

In reaching our audit opinion on the Financial Statements we
took into account the findings that we describe above and those
for other, lower risk areas. Overall the findings from across the whole audit are that the Financial Statements have been prepared on the basis of appropriate accounting policies, use mildly cautious estimates, which are consistent when comparing this year to last, and provide proportionate disclosure. Having assessed these findings and evaluated uncorrected misstatements in the context of materiality and considered the qualitative aspects of the Financial Statements as a whole we have not modified our opinion on the Financial Statements.

3 OUR APPLICATION OF MATERIALITY AND AN OVERVIEW
OF THE SCOPE OF OUR AUDIT
The materiality for the Group Financial Statements as a whole
was set at £70 million (2013: £86 million), determined with reference to a benchmark of Group profit before taxation, normalised to exclude the volatility in reported profit due to gains and losses
on revaluation of foreign currency and other derivative financial instruments which could otherwise result in an inappropriate materiality level being calculated. This materiality measure represents 4.6% of this benchmark and 34.3% of total reported profit before tax. We carry out full audit procedures to assess
the accuracy of the gains and losses on these derivative financial instruments (which this year amounted to a £1.3 billion loss) as
part of our audit of the Group’s treasury operations.

We report to the Audit Committee: (i) all material corrected identified misstatements; (ii) uncorrected identified misstatements exceeding £4 million for income statement items; and (iii) other identified misstatements that warranted reporting on qualitative grounds.

We subjected 33 of the Group’s reporting components to audits
for group reporting purposes and 14 to specified risk-focused audit procedures. The latter were not individually financially significant enough to require an audit for group reporting purposes, but did present specific individual risks that needed to be addressed. This work also provided further audit coverage. The remaining reporting units were subject to analytical procedures by the Group audit team.

The Group operates shared service centres in Derby (UK) and Indianapolis (US), the outputs of which are included in the financial information of the reporting components they service
and therefore they are not separate reporting components. Each
of the service centres is subject to specified risk-focused audit procedures, predominantly the testing of transaction processing and review controls. Additional audit procedures are performed at certain reporting components to address the audit risks not covered by the work performed over the shared service centres.

Summary audit scope

UNDERLYING PROFIT BEFORE TAX

91% 9%

TOTAL ASSETS

83% 12% 5%

Audits for group reporting purposes

Specified risk-focused audit procedures

Group-level procedures only

158 Rolls-Royce Holdings plc Annual Report 2014

REVENUE

90% 7% 3%

The Group audit team instructed component auditors, and the auditors of the shared service centres, as to the significant areas to be covered, including the relevant risks detailed above and the information
to be reported back. The Group audit team approved the component materialities, which ranged from £0.3 million to £60 million, having regard to the mix of size and risk profile of the Group across the components. The work on 29 of the 47 components was performed

by component auditors and the rest by the Group audit team.
The Group audit team visited 25 component locations in the UK,
the US, Germany and Norway, the purpose of which included an assessment of the audit risk and strategy. Telephone conference meetings were also held with these component auditors and with those of the higher risk components that were not physically visited. At these visits and meetings, the findings reported to the Group audit team were discussed in more detail, and any further work required by the Group audit team was then performed by the component auditor.

4 OUR OPINION ON OTHER MATTERS PRESCRIBED BY THE COMPANIES ACT 2006 IS UNMODIFIED
In our opinion:

the part of the Directors’ Remuneration Report to be audited has been properly prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 2006; and

the information given in the Strategic Report and Directors’ Report for the financial year for which the Financial Statements are prepared is consistent with the Financial Statements.

5 WE HAVE NOTHING TO REPORT IN RESPECT OF THE MATTERS
ON WHICH WE ARE REQUIRED TO REPORT BY EXCEPTION
Under ISA (UK and Ireland) we are required to report to you if, based on the knowledge we acquired during our audit, we have identified other information in the Annual Report that contains a material inconsistency with either that knowledge or the Financial Statements, a material misstatement of fact, or that is otherwise misleading. In particular, we are required to report to you if:

we have identified material inconsistencies between the knowledge we acquired during our audit and the directors’ statement that they consider that the Annual Report and Financial Statements taken as a whole is fair, balanced and understandable and provides the information necessary for shareholders to assess the Group’s performance, business model and strategy; or

the Audit Committee report does not appropriately address matters communicated by us to the Audit Committee.

Under the Companies Act 2006 we are required to report to you if, in our opinion:

adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or

the parent company Financial Statements and the part of the Directors’ Remuneration Report to be audited are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or

certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or

we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

Under the Listing Rules we are required to review:

the directors’ statement, set out on page 164, in relation to going concern; and

the part of the corporate governance report on page 59 relating to the Company’s compliance with the ten provisions of the UK Corporate Governance Code 2012 specified for our review.

We have nothing to report in respect of the above responsibilities.

Scope of report and responsibilities

As explained more fully in the directors’ responsibilities statement set out on page 93, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the Financial Statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view. A description of the scope of an audit of Financial Statements is provided on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at www.frc.org.uk/auditscopeukprivate. This report is made solely to the Company’s members as a body and is subject to important explanations and disclaimers regarding our responsibilities, published on our website at www.kpmg.com/uk/ auditscopeukco2014b, which are incorporated into this report

as if set out in full and should be read to provide an understanding of the purpose of this report, the work we have undertaken and the basis of our opinions.

JIMMY DABOO (SENIOR STATUTORY AUDITOR)

for and on behalf of KPMG LLP, Statutory Auditor

Chartered Accountants 15 Canada Square London E14 5GL
12 February 2015"

a. Describe several pieces of information included in this audit report that are not provided in the audit report for U.S. public companies.

b. If you are an investor in Rolls-Royce Holdings plc, then do you feel more or less comfort with the underlying financial statements after reading the auditor’s opinion? Why?

Results for the fourth quarter of 2019 are provided below. CVI's management is concerned as to why the operating income was lower than budgeted. 2019 fourth-quarter operating statement

Actual Budget Revenues: High-speed Internet service $1,822,800 $1,890,000 Regular-speed Internet service 2.856.000 2.646.000 4,678,800 4,536,000 Expenses Billing and collection (55 per customer per quarter) 226,800 210.000 Variable costs of high-speed service ($15 per customer per quarter) 176,400 189.000 Variable costs of regular-speed service ($5 per customer per quarter) 168,000 147.000 Fixed costs 2.650.000 2.300.000 3221 2002 846 000 Operating income $1.457 600 $1.690.000 The budget was based on CVi holding a 35% market share assuming a total budgeted market size of 120.000 customers.

The actual market size for the fourth quarter of 2019 turned out to be 125.000 customers, due to new apartment buildings in the area. The budget also assumed that 30% of CVI's customers would select the high-speed package and the remaining 70% of CVI's customers would select the regular-speed package CVI's high-speed package was budgeted with a selling price of $150 per customer per quarter. The regular-speed package had a budgeted selling price of $90 per customer per quarter. The actual prices in the fourth quarter were $155 and $85 per customer for the high-speed and regular-speed packages respectively.

[PLEASE PROVIDE TYPE-WRITTEN ANSWER -> Not hand-written, hard to understand handwriting]

Calculate each of the following variances:

a) Sales price variance

b) sales volume variance

c) Sales quantity variance

d) Sales mix variance

e) Market size variance

f) Market share variance

The Cost of Producing Wine at Only a Small Fraction of the Price

Based on Dana Nigro, “What’s Behind the Bottle Price?” Wine Spectator, December 15, 2002:50–56.

Most consumer goods are not sold by the manufacturer. Instead, they are produced by the manufacturer, who sells to a wholesaler, who in turn sells to a retailer, who sells to the public. Such is the case with most wine.

There has been an outcry in recent years over increases wine in prices. Although prices have risen sharply, the multilevel market structure and the markup that occurs at the wholesale and retail levels have a much larger role in the price increases than the production of the wine itself. Total production costs for a typical $24 bottle of wine are just $4.92, or about 20.4% of the final price, whereas wholesale and retail markups together make up 40% of the final price. Not surprisingly, raw materials (grapes) are the single biggest cost. The cost of the grapes may be as much as 60% of total production costs but varies greatly from lower-quality inexpensive wines to the highest quality wines. The second-highest cost for many vintners is the barrels used to ferment the wine. French oak barrels cost as much as $700 apiece and last only a few years. The other major production cost, other than the actual physical plant where the winemaking occurs, is time. Quality wines spend 2–2 ½ years aging in barrels and then an additional 8 months in bottles before being ready for sale.

1. How much substitutability do you suppose exists between inputs in winemaking? How might this factor affect efforts to cut costs?
2. If a firm were to find a new technology that cut the required aging time in half, how would it affect the demand for other inputs?

Revise the following passage, correcting any grammatical and punctuation errors present. Indicate the
corrected parts in your answer by writing them in bold red text.
In the 1970s, market researchers discovered that the most young children were unable to tell the difference
between the television shows they watched and advertisements for products. Because of this discovery, it was
an attempt in 1978 to put legal restrictions on television advertisements aimed at too young children, but
advertisers objected. The industry of marketing to children has being growing steadily since then. Between
1978 and 1998, the amount of money directly spent by children age four to twelve increased from less than
three billion dollars a year to almost twenty-five billion dollars, and is not end in sight. Researchers believe that
children in that age group also convince their families to spend another two hundred billion dollars a year—
such as when a young boy, for example, convinces her mother to purchase a more expensive computer than
she might otherwise have bought. Marketers are easy to decide to target this young market—there is their job
to aim at consumers who can be convinced and who will spend most money.
However, few other groups have also helped marketers figure out the best way to target a too young
audience. Many child psychologists are now been asked to join market-research firms to provide information
about how to reach children more effectively. Some members of the American Psychological Association
lobbied their organization in 2002 to discipline APA members who have helped advertisers target children, but
the APA has no taken action yet. The most psychologists feel that the marketers and their advisers have being
allowed very much freedom to appeal to children who cannot make informed decisions about products, but
the situation does no seem likely to change.

The balance sheet at December 31, 2021, for Nevada Harvester Corporation includes the liabilities listed below:

1. 11% bonds with a face amount of $38 million were issued for $38 million on October 31, 2012. The bonds mature on October 31, 2032. Bondholders have the option of calling (demanding payment on) the bonds on October 31, 2022, at a redemption price of $38 million. Market conditions are such that the call is not expected to be exercised.
2. Management intended to refinance $10.5 million of its 9% notes that mature in May 2022. In early March, prior to the actual issuance of the 2021 financial statements, Nevada Harvester negotiated a line of credit with a commercial bank for up to $4.5 million any time during 2022. Any borrowings will mature two years from the date of borrowing.
3. Noncallable 12% bonds with a face amount of $15.5 million were issued for $15.5 million on September 30, 2002. The bonds mature on September 30, 2022. Sufficient cash is expected to be available to retire the bonds at maturity.
4. A $26 million 7% bank loan is payable on October 31, 2027. The bank has the right to demand payment after any fiscal year-end in which Nevada Harvester’s ratio of current assets to current liabilities falls below a contractual minimum of 1.7 to 1 and remains so for six months. That ratio was 1.45 on December 31, 2021, due primarily to an intentional temporary decline in inventory levels. Normal inventory levels will be reestablished during the first quarter of 2022.

Required:
1. For each liability listed above, what amount will be reported as a current liability and as a noncurrent liability on the December 31, 2021 balance sheet?
2. Prepare the liability section of a classified balance sheet for Nevada Harvester at December 31, 2021. Accounts payable and accruals are $19 million.
  

Abstract 2. Mann JR and McDermott S. Are maternal genitourinary infection and pre-eclampsia associated with ADHD in school-aged children? J Atten Disord 2011;15(8):667-73.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hypothesis that maternal genitourinary infection (GU) infection is associated with increased risk of ADHD. METHOD: The authors obtained linked Medicaid billing data for pregnant women and their children in South Carolina, with births from 1996 through 2002 and follow-up data through 2008. Maternal GU infections and pre-eclampsia were identified on the basis of diagnoses made during pregnancy, and cases of ADHD were identified on the basis of diagnoses made in the child's Medicaid file. RESULTS: There were 84,721 children in the data set used for analyses. Maternal genitourinary infection was associated with significantly increased odds of ADHD (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.23-1.35). Pre-eclampsia was also associated with increased risk (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.07-1.32). Children whose mothers had both GU infection and pre-eclampsia were 53% more likely to have ADHD, compared to those with neither exposure. When we examined specific infection diagnoses, chlamydia/nongonococcal urethritis, trichomoniasis, urinary tract infection, and candidiasis were associated with increased risk of ADHD, whereas gonorrhea was not. DISCUSSION: Maternal GU infection appeared to be associated with increased risk of ADHD, and based on the findings it was concluded that further research is needed to describe the mechanism(s) underlying the association.

The authors report “pre-eclampsia was also associated with increased risk (OR=1.19, 95% CI=1.07-1.32” of ADHD. Based only on this statement, which of the following is most likely NOT responsible for this observed result?

***IN C++***

Create student structure with the following fields:



Name (cstring or null-terminated character array)



Student ID (int – unique random value between 1000 and 9999)



grade (char – Values A thru F)



birthday (myDate – random value: range 1/1/2000 to 12/31/2005)



Home Town (string)

Create an array of pointers to students of size 10.

Example: Student *stuPtr[10];

Write a function that populates the array with 10 students.

Example: populate(stuPtr);

Write a display function that displays the contents of the array on the screen as shown below –

nicely formatted and left justified.

The displayed list should be nicely formatted with column names like this: All columns should

be left-justified.

Name

Student ID

Grade

Birthday

Home Town

Tom Thumb

1002

C

January 1, 2002

Small Ville

Fred Flintstone

1995

D

February 3, 2003

Bedrock

Sponge Bob

2987

B

June 3, 2001

Bikini Bottom

Create a menu that shows the following options:

1)

Display list sorted by Name

2)

Display list sorted by Student ID

3)

Display list sorted by Grade

4)

Display list sorted by Birthday

5)

Display list sorted by Home Town

6)

Exit

You need to write a sorting function for each of the menu items – 5 options needs 5 functions.

Note:

You must create a function that returns a date between a range of 2 dates.

You will use the myDate class in this program – you will not create any other class. The Student

structure is NOT a class.

Take advantage of your myDate class that you just wrote. Also, it might be helpful to create a

new function that returns a string for the date format:

string myDate::toString( );

C++ Only

Create a function named PrintStudents, which takes a string input filename and an integer minimum score value and a string output file name as a parameters. The function will read the student scores and names from the file and output the names of the students with scores greater than or equal to the value given. This function returns the integer number of entries read from the file. If the input file cannot be opened, return -1 and do not print anything to the file.

Read each line from the given filename, parse the data, process the data, and write the required information to the file.

Each line of the file contains <FIRST-NAME LAST-NAME>, <SCORE>, <SUBJECT> . Read and parse the data, then write to the output file the names and classes for scores matching the criteria.

Example: With the following data and value of 80:

Constance Shelton, 67, APPM 2002
Charlotte Edwards, 85, CSCI 1300
Alyssa Hill, 78, MATH 1000
Pat Owens, 75, HUMN 1342
Shannon Jimenez, 96, LING 2000
Kristen Swanson, 80, PSYC 1001
Jim Schwartz, 60, CVEN 3241

Your function should return 7 and output to the file should contain:

Charlotte Edwards, CSCI 1300
Shannon Jimenez, LING 200
Kristen Swanson, PSYC 1001

You only need to write the function code for PrintStudents. The split() function is provided, and functions as it does in the homework assignments, to make parsing the output easier. Recall that split takes a string s and splits it at the input delimiter sep, to fill the array words[] up to a capacity of max_words. The return value of split is the number of actual words the string is split into.

int split(string s, char sep, string words[], int max_words);

Case Study – Psychology and Motivation

Read the following case study and answer the questions that follow:-

Jennifer was diagnosed with dyslexia at the end of her first year of studying for a psychology degree. It has an impact on her ability to read journal articles and other text, do statistics, read, and take down numbers from slides. Despite these difficulties she’s just started a PhD in psychology, having obtained an excellent undergraduate degree through extremely hard work and determination: “Little did they know that I worked up until 3-4 in the morning on many occasions, as it would sometimes take me ages to read through some of the journals I was using”. However, additional understanding and support from academic and support staff could have made the process much less stressful.

She found that, while some lecturers wanted to do everything for her when she revealed that she had dyslexia, others thought it meant she was unable to do statistics or needed a great deal of extra support. However, in many cases all that was required was something relatively minor – for example, to have information on a handout so that she wouldn’t be required to take down material from a slide. Unfortunately, with some academic staff this requirement just didn’t seem to sink in, meaning that Jennifer would have to keep repeating her request, which was quite embarrassing in front of the rest of the class.

Although she passed the statistics module, Jennifer had great difficulty with the subject area. “The only way I got through it was by going back to basics in terms of having to work out equations by hand – it was the only way I was going to grasp the concepts, and I had to pay for extra tuition as the amount of time allotted for statistics wasn’t enough,” she explains. Whilst her department made some attempt to assist all students with statistical difficulties, putting on extra statistics classes for students with dyslexia, the person who took these was not very approachable and appeared to just run through the same notes used in lectures, thereby undercutting what potentially could have been a useful support mechanism.

Alternative examination arrangements have been made for Jennifer, such as extra time, and a separate room. However, recently the disability unit has not been so helpful, with one staff member commenting that she couldn’t see why Jennifer would want a top-up assessment, given that she had managed to get a first in her undergraduate degree.

There was also a breakdown of communication between the disability unit and lecturing staff, with one lecturer not knowing that alternative examination arrangements had been made for Jennifer and other disabled students in her class. Rather than waiting for the students to return to the lecture hall after their in-class assessment, he started the second part of the lecture and publicly reprimanded Jennifer for being late, which caused her much embarrassment.

Jennifer states: “It did surprise me that there were a few psychology lecturers who didn’t seem to have any understanding of dyslexia. Thankfully the majority of the department had an understanding, but those few who are not can make things very difficult for someone like myself”.

Questions

1.      Utilizing the model of motivation explain the process that Jennifer went through in the case study.

2.      What category of motives drove Jennifer in the case study?

3.      Explain Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs and state what need(s) Jennifer sought to meet in accordance with the basic needs pyramid.

4.      Was Jennifer extrinsically or extrinsically motivated based on the case study? Give three reasons based on the case study.

5.      What challenges did Jennifer face, that sought to challenge her motivation?