Problem 1

On 1/1/20x1, Petwoud Company acquired 100% of the $1 par value outstanding voting common stock of Supagud, Inc. for a cash payment of $600,000. At the acquisition date, the fair value of Petwoud Company’s common stock was $20 per share. Below is the summary balance sheet information of Supagud, Inc. at acquisition (1/1/20x1):

During fiscal year-ending 12/31/20x1 and 12/31/20x2, Supagud, Inc. generated net income and paid dividends as follows:

As of 1/1/20x1, Supagud's land had a fair value of $102,000, its buildings were valued at $188,000, and its equipment was appraised at $216,000. According to Petwoud Company’s analysis, they will record any excess of consideration paid over fair value of assets and liabilities acquired as a Patent asset to be amortized over 6 years.

Required

1. Using the acquisition method and assuming that Petwoud dissolves Supagud, Inc. so it is no longer in business, prepare Petwoud Company’s journal entry to record the acquisition of Supagud, Inc. at 1/1/20x1.

For B. and C. below, assume Supagud remains in business as a separate operating company and that, for internal accounting purposes, Petwoud accounts for their investment in Supagud, Inc. using the equity method:

2. Prepare Petwoud Company’s journal entry to record the acquisition of Supagud, Inc. at 1/1/20x1.
3. Prepare Petwoud Company’s worksheet consolidation journal entries for:
   1. December 31, 20x1 and
   2. December 31, 20x2.

You are Assistant to Susan Ali, controller for POW PRODUCTS Ltd. (PP), a food distributor. It is late afternoon May 31. Susan has called you to her office to tell you that she is leaving this evening on a well-deserved vacation and that you are to complete and circulate the cash budget for June. To help , she has assembled the following budget data.

Sales. Each month 40% of sales are in cash and 60% are on credit. The collection of credit sales is 20% in the month of sale, 50% in the following month, and 30% in the next month. Inventory purchases. Inventory purchases are paid 30% in the month of purchase, and 70% the following month. Additional information: • At the end of the day on May 31st the company has a cash balance of $460,000. •

Early in May a dealer offered to sell PP a fleet of 12 new high capacity delivery vans at $900,000 for all 12 vans. PP intends to make the purchase in cash on June 15. In addition, the dealer has agreed to accept the old fleet as a trade-in for $140,000. PP will recognize a gain on disposal sale of $55,000 in this transaction.

• Other monthly cash expenses are expected to total $250,000.

• Monthly depreciation of plant and equipment is $180,000.

• Quarterly income tax instalments of $150,000 is to be paid in June.

• A dividend payment of $230,000 was declared in May for payment in June.

• All PP employees share a monthly cash bonus of 2% of the preceding month's sales.

• The company has a policy of maintaining a minimum cash balance of $10o,000 and has a line of credit with the bank to enable it to borrow when necessary. All borrowing is done at the beginning of the month, and borrowings are made to the nearest $1,000. Monthly interest is calculated at 2% per annum and must be paid at the end of each month. There is no outstanding borrowing currently. Susan is rushing to catch her flight as she hands you the budget data, and says, "We may be a bit cash short for June. If so, prepare the budget on the assumption that the cash shortfall will be made up with borrowing. You then go to Stella Ruel, the CEO, to get permission to borrow. However, she will first want to know what are the best alternatives so you should also prepare two reasonable alternatives for your meeting with her. She will also want to know which of these three courses of action you recommend and why. You know our operations, priorities and constraints well enough to do this—just be prepared.”

Required A. Prepare a cash budget for June 200x using a clear and logical format.

B. Assume that Susan is correct about June being cash short. Prepare notes to present to the CEO, outlining the three best alternative courses of action to choose from, i.e., borrowing and two others. Then make a case for the one you judge to be best.

C. Some managers who do not have any accounting training don’t understand the difference between a statement of cash flows (SCF) and a cash budget. The CEO of POW PRODUCTS , Stella Ruel, is one of these non-accountant managers and she asks you to explain, briefly, in what way are these two statements are similar and in what way to they differ. In particular, what are the key differences between them.

In your opinion is the US debt a problem for the United States or not? Given that monetary policy has an effect on interest rates, should monetary policy work with fiscal policy to reduce the impacts of debt? What are the pros and cons of monetary policy and fiscal policy working together? (Answer question based on the article below)

Article:

As Congress allocates trillions of dollars to support businesses and individuals impacted by the coronavirus pandemic, some project US debt skyrocketing to historical highs. This adds fuel to a long-running question: Does America’s growing debt load spell future trouble? In our view, focusing solely on the debt’s size doesn’t tell the whole story. By looking at the debt question differently, we think investors can defuse concerns about America’s allegedly ticking time bomb.

Even before the coronavirus dominated headlines, some worried about big deficits adding to America’s debt. In early May, US Treasury data show $25.1 trillion in total federal government debt outstanding. [i] While this figure includes intra-governmental holdings (i.e., money the government owes itself), even stripping this away leaves net public debt at a still-huge $19.1 trillion—nearly 2.5 times the amount on January 1, 2010. [ii]

In isolation, that big number doesn’t mean much. So to put this figure into perspective, many economists compare a country’s debt to its GDP. At the end of 2019, net public debt was 79.2% of US GDP—up from 52.3% a decade earlier and the biggest since the late 1940s. [iii] Moreover, coronavirus’ impact is almost assured to push the ratio far higher. Between Q1’s -4.8% annualized GDP decline (with worse likely in Q2) and rising debt as the government funds its coronavirus response, America’s debt-to-GDP ratio could exceed its post–World War II high of 106.1% in the not-so-distant future. [iv]

Large debt-to-GDP ratios inspire comparisons to countries like Greece, which defaulted multiple times in the past decade. But even these ratios alone don’t mean problems loom. What matters more: a country’s ability to meet interest payments. Governments don’t use GDP—an annual flow of economic activity—to meet those obligations. They use tax revenue. In fiscal year 2019, US interest payments accounted for about 10.8% of tax revenues. [v] This figure has been rising over the past 4 years, but it remains well below the 15%–18% range in effect during most of the 1980s–1990s. [vi] America had no trouble servicing its debt during these two decades. The economy boomed.

With Treasury yields historically low, many acknowledge financing debt today isn’t onerous—especially since the Treasury gets to refinance maturing debt at a cheaper rate. On May 5, 2010, the Treasury sold $24 billion in 10-year notes at a 3.51% interest rate. [vii] The Treasury effectively refinanced those at a mid-May 2020 auction of new 10-year notes. The interest rate? A far-lower 0.65%. [viii]

Which brings us to another point: Treasury bonds carry fixed rates, so rising rates don’t immediately threaten affordability. As of 12/31/2019, the weighted average maturity of US debt was nearly 70 months—higher than the 60-month historical average over the past 40 years. [ix] Hence, rates would need to rise significantly from here—and stay there for years as Treasury refinanced maturing bonds—to hit costs materially. That doesn’t seem likely today. Demand is strong, putting downward pressure on yields. With sovereign-debt yields low globally—Japan and Europe have lower rates than America—US debt remains more attractive in comparison.

Moreover, interest rates tend to move with inflation, and the latter looks unlikely to surge in the near future. Even after the spread widened between long and short rates since February’s end, the US yield curve is still around its flattest over the past 10 years. That weighs on bank lending and, relatedly, money supply growth—a key inflation component. When investors anticipate higher inflation to come, they will demand a higher premium to compensate for their loss in purchasing power. That isn’t likely to be the case with inflation benign. US debt could be on its way to making new records, but that doesn’t mean new problems will come with it.

Investing in stock markets involves the risk of loss and there is no guarantee that all or any capital invested will be repaid. Past performance is no guarantee of future returns. International currency fluctuations may result in a higher or lower investment return. This document constitutes the general views of Fisher Investments and should not be regarded as personalized investment or tax advice or as a representation of its performance or that of its clients. No assurances are made that Fisher Investments will continue to hold these views, which may change at any time based on new information, analysis or reconsideration. In addition, no assurances are made regarding the accuracy of any forecast made herein. Not all past forecasts have been, nor future forecasts will be, as accurate as any contained herein.

1. Assume the following accounts and amounts were   

    reported by a nation last year. Government Purchases of Goods and Services were US$5.5        

    Billion; Personal Consumption Expenditure were US$40.5 Billion; Gross Private Domestic   

    Investment amounted to US$20 Billion; Capital Consumption Allowances were US$4 Billion;

    Personal Savings were estimated at US$2 Billion; Imports of Goods and Services amounted

    US$6.5 Billion; and exports of Goods and Services were US$5 Billion.

1. Determine the nation’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
2. How would your answer change if the Dollar amounts of imports and exports were reversed?

b.Describe the MI definition of the money supply and indicate the relative significance of the MI components.

Problem 6-2AA Periodic: Alternative cost flows LO P3

[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.]

Warnerwoods Company uses a periodic inventory system. It entered into the following purchases and sales transactions for March.  

For specific identification, the March 9 sale consisted of 70 units from beginning inventory and 450 units from the March 5 purchase; the March 29 sale consisted of 140 units from the March 18 purchase and 220 units from the March 25 purchase.

Required.
Part one. Compute cost of goods available for sale and the number of units available for sale.

Part two. Compute the number of units in ending inventory.

Part three. Compute the cost assigned to ending inventory using (a) FIFO, (b) LIFO, (c) weighted average, and (d) specific identification. (Round your average cost per unit to 2 decimal places.)

Part four. Compute gross profit earned by the company for each of the four costing methods. (Round your average cost per unit to 2 decimal places and final answers to nearest whole dollar.)

Problem 6-2AA Periodic: Alternative cost flows LO P3

[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.]

Warnerwoods Company uses a periodic inventory system. It entered into the following purchases and sales transactions for March.  

For specific identification, the March 9 sale consisted of 50 units from beginning inventory and 460 units from the March 5 purchase; the March 29 sale consisted of 130 units from the March 18 purchase and 210 units from the March 25 purchase.

Required.

1. Compute cost of goods available for sale and the number of units available for sale.

2. Compute the number of units in ending inventory.

3. Compute the cost assigned to ending inventory using (a) FIFO, (b) LIFO, (c) weighted average, and (d) specific identification. (Round your average cost per unit to 2 decimal places.)

4. Compute gross profit earned by the company for each of the four costing methods. (Round your average cost per unit to 2 decimal places and final answers to nearest whole dollar.)

Lecondo Company is engaged in the manufacture and sale of fitness apparel. Several years ago it bought a health food business that has incurred losses since its acquisition. In 2018, the company sold the health food business. The results of operations and other activities for 2018 are summarized below.

                   Fitness Apparel        Health foods

Net sales               $17,400,000           $2,600,000

Cost of goods sold              8,100,000              1,700,000

Other operating expenses          4,700,000             1,200,000

Other:

The health food business was sold in September 2018 at a disposal loss of $500,000.

Treasury stock that had been acquired in 2017 for $130,000 was sold in 2018 for $195,000. The difference between cost and reissue price is not taxable.

During 2018, Lecondo sold 10,000 shares of its previously unissued $10 par value common stock to the public at a price of $27 per share.

Interest revenue of $2,000 was earned during 2018.

Cash dividends declared and paid during 2018 amounted to $700,000.

The fitness apparel division sold land at a $98,000 gain during 2018.

All of the foregoing amounts are before considering the effects of income taxes. The income tax rate is 40%.

Required: Calculate the following amounts that would appear on Lecondo’s income statement. Be alert for items that should not be included in the computation of net income.

Gross profit

Operating income

Income from continuing operations before taxes

Income from continuing operations

Net income

Check figures:

b. Operating income, $4,600,000

c. Income from continuing operations (before taxes), $4,700,000

d. Income from continuing operations (after taxes), $2,820,000

e. Net income, $2,340,000

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