1. These items are taken from the financial statements of Grouper Corporation for 2022.

Prepare a classified balance sheet as of December 31, 2022. (List Current Assets in order of liquidity.)

2. You are provided with the following information for Ayayai Enterprises, effective as of its April 30, 2022, year-end.

Prepare a classified balance sheet for Ayayai Enterprises as of April 30, 2022. (List Current Assets in order of liquidity.)

3. These financial statement items are for Pharoah Corporation at year-end, July 31, 2022.

Prepare a classified balance sheet at July 31. (List Current Assets in order of liquidity.)

Two firms, 1 and 2, are engaged in Bertrand price competition. There are10possible buyers, each of whom is willing to pay up to $4, and no more, for an item the firms sell .Firms 1 and 2 have identical unit costs of $2. However, each firm has a capacity of 8units, so that it cannot satisfy the whole market by itself (it can only satisfy 8 possible buyers, at most).The firms simultaneously announce prices, p1 and p2 respectively and the prices are publicly known. If p1=p2<=4; the first five buyers buy from firm 1 and the remaining 5from firm 2. Then firm 1's profit becomes (p1-2)*5 and similarly for firm 2.If p1< p2<=4; the first eight buyers buy from firm 1 and the remaining 2 from firm 2.If p2< p1<=4; then only the first two buyers buy from firm 1 and the remaining 8 from firm 2. If a firm charges a price above $4, it does not get any buyers. The prices p1;,p2 are restricted to be $0,$1, $2, $3, $4..

Find all the Nash equilibria in pure strategies for this game.

Plant Evolution. As far as we know, land plants evolved only once, and therefore all land plants alive today share a common ancestor from which the various plant lineages have evolved.

(A) From which taxonomic group of organisms (please be specific) did all land plants evolve, and approximately when did this occur? In what sort of habitat did these organisms live and how might this have helped facilitate their transition to land? What adaptations did the first land plants have that set them apart from their ancestors and allow them to move out of aquatic environments and into terrestrial environments? Which extant (still living) group of plants is probably most similar to those first land plants?
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(B) Now consider the five major taxonomic groups of plants we discussed in class (bryophytes, lycophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms). For the last three groups (pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms), give the approximate time when each group first evolved and briefly describe the key adaptations that set each of them apart from other plant taxa. Describe how these adaptations helped individuals be successful, given the environmental conditions in which they evolved.
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Problem LIFO TO FIFO:

Most inventories owned by Deere & Company and its United States equipment subsidiaries are valued at cost, on the “last-in, first-out” (LIFO) basis. Remaining inventories are generally valued at the lower of cost, on the “first-in, first-out” (FIFO) basis, or market. The value of gross inventories on the LIFO basis represented 58 percent and 60 percent of worldwide gross inventories at FIFO value on October 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. If all inventories had been valued on a FIFO basis, estimated inventories by major classification at October 31 in millions of dollars would have been as follows:

2007   2006

Raw materials and supplies ...........................................               $ 882    $ 712

Work-in-process ...........................................................                   425       372

Finished machines and parts .........................................               2,263 2,013

Total FIFO value ........................................................ 3,570 3,097

Less adjustment to LIFO value .......................................              1,233    1,140

Inventories .................................................................                 $2,337 $1,957

Other Key information from Deere & Company

                                                     2007                2006      

Sales                                        $ 21,489.1        $ 19,884.0

COGS                                         16,252.8           15,362.0

Current Assets                             25,503.0           23,387.0

Current Liabilities                       15,738.1           12,787.5       

What adjustments to the financial statements (balance sheet and income statement) are necessary to convert from LIFO to FIFO for 2007: Assume 31% tax rate.

Problem 1 LIFO TO FIFO:

Most inventories owned by Deere & Company and its United States equipment subsidiaries are valued at cost, on the “last-in, first-out” (LIFO) basis. Remaining inventories are generally valued at the lower of cost, on the “first-in, first-out” (FIFO) basis, or market. The value of gross inventories on the LIFO basis represented 58 percent and 60 percent of worldwide gross inventories at FIFO value on October 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. If all inventories had been valued on a FIFO basis, estimated inventories by major classification at October 31 in millions of dollars would have been as follows:

2007   2006

Raw materials and supplies ...........................................                $ 882 $ 712

Work-in-process ...........................................................                      425    372

Finished machines and parts .........................................               2,263 2,013

Total FIFO value ........................................................                       3,570 3,097

Less adjustment to LIFO value .......................................               1,233    1,140

Inventories .................................................................                      $2,337 $1,957

Other Key information from Deere & Company

                                                     2007               2006      

Sales                                       $ 21,489.1       $ 19,884.0

COGS                                        16,252.8          15,362.0

Current Assets                          25,503.0          23,387.0

Current Liabilities                     15,738.1          12,787.5      

What adjustments to the financial statements (balance sheet and income statement) are necessary to convert from LIFO to FIFO for 2007: Assume 31% tax rate.

Programming in C (not C++)

## Requirements

Only need to edit the challenge.c

You have one function to implement: void fork_exec(char** argv):
This takes in an array of strings representing arguments.
The first argument is the filename of an executable (which will be given as a relative filepath, such as "./a")
The remaining terms would be arguments for said executable.
The array is null terminated
You need to fork your process.
The child needs to call exec (rather, a variant thereof) to execute the specified file with the specified arguments.

challenge.c

#include "challenge.h"

// goal: fork the process and have the child execute a process
// param argv: the argument vector for the process to be executed
// assumptions:
//   the first argument of argv is the file name of the executable
//   argv is null terminated
//
// TODO: complete the function
//   fork
//   exec (child), probably most convenient to use execvp
//   have the parent wait on the child
void fork_exec(char** argv)
{

}

challenge.h

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>

#ifndef CH_HEAD
#define CH_HEAD

// goal: fork the process and have the child execute a process
// param argv: the argument vector for the process to be executed
// assumptions:
//   the first argument of argv is the file name of the executable
//   argv is null terminated
void fork_exec(char** argv);

#endif

In the game of craps, a pass line bet proceeds as follows: Two six-sided dice are rolled; the first roll of the dice in a craps round is called the “come out roll.” A come out roll of 7 or 11 automatically wins, and a come out roll of 2, 3, or 12 automatically loses. If 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 10 is rolled on the come out roll, that number becomes “the point.” The player keeps rolling the dice until either 7 or the point is rolled. If the point is rolled first, then the player wins the bet. If a 7 is rolled first, then the player loses. Write a program that simulates a game of craps using these rules without human input. Instead of asking for a wager, the program should calculate whether the player would win or lose. The program should simulate rolling the two dice and calculate the sum. Add a loop so that the program plays 10,000 games. Add counters that count how many times the player wins and how many times the player loses. At the end of the 10,000 games, compute the probability of winning [i.e., Wins / (Wins + Losses)] and output this value. Over the long run, who is going to win the most games, you or the house?

The condensed income statement for the Blossom and Paul partnership for 2020 is as follows. Blossom and Paul Company Income Statement For the Year Ended December 31, 2020 Sales (270,000 units) $1,350,000 Cost of goods sold 864,000 Gross profit 486,000 Operating expenses Selling $315,000 Administrative 175,500 490,500 Net loss $(4,500 ) A cost behavior analysis indicates that 75% of the cost of goods sold are variable, 42% of the selling expenses are variable, and 40% of the administrative expenses are variable.

1.Compute the break-even point in total sales dollars for 2020. (Round intermediate calculations to 2 decimal places, e.g. 15.25 and final answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 2,520.)

2.Blossom has proposed a plan to get the partnership “out of the red” and improve its profitability. She feels that the quality of the product could be substantially improved by spending $0.25 more per unit on better raw materials. The selling price per unit could be increased to only $5.25 because of competitive pressures. Blossom estimates that sales volume will increase by 25%. Compute the net income under Blossom's proposal and the break-even point in dollars. (Round intermediate calculations to 4 decimal places, e.g. 15.2515 and final answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 2,520.)

3. Paul was a marketing major in college. He believes that sales volume can be increased only by intensive advertising and promotional campaigns. He therefore proposed the following plan as an alternative to Blossom’s: (1) increase variable selling expenses to $0.59 per unit, (2) lower the selling price per unit by $0.25, and (3) increase fixed selling expenses by $40,000. Paul quoted an old marketing research report that said that sales volume would increase by 60% if these changes were made. Compute the net income under Paul’s proposal and the break-even point in dollars. (Round intermediate calculations to 4 decimal places, e.g. 15.2515 and final answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 2,520.)

4. Which plan should be accepted?

Paul's Plan or Blossom's plan?

The condensed income statement for the Peri and Paul partnership for 2017 is as follows.

PERI AND PAUL COMPANY

Income Statement

For the Year Ended December 31, 2017

Sales (240,000 units)                                                      $1,200,000          

Cost of goods sold                                                            800,000                

Gross profit                                                        400,000                

Operating expenses                                                                      

Selling                   $280,000                                             

Administrative                  150,000                                                

430,000                

Net loss                                                $(30,000               )

A cost behavior analysis indicates that 70% of the cost of goods sold are variable, 43% of the selling expenses are variable, and 39% of the administrative expenses are variable.

(Round to nearest unit, dollar, and percentage, where necessary. Use the CVP income statement format in computing profits.)

Part (A)

Compute the break-even point in total sales dollars and in units for 2017. (Round intermediate calculations to 2 decimal places, e.g. 0.25 and final answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 2,520.)

Break-even point in dollars                           $

Break-even point in units                              units

Part (B)

Peri has proposed a plan to get the partnership “out of the red” and improve its profitability. She feels that the quality of the product could be substantially improved by spending $0.25 more per unit on better raw materials. The selling price per unit could be increased to only $5.25 because of competitive pressures. Peri estimates that sales volume will increase by 30%. What effect would Peri’s plan have on the profits and the break-even point in dollars of the partnership?

Amount                               Effect

Profit                     $

Break-even point                             $

(c)

Paul was a marketing major in college. He believes that sales volume can be increased only by intensive advertising and promotional campaigns. He therefore proposed the following plan as an alternative to Peri’s: (1) increase variable selling expenses to $0.59 per unit, (2) lower the selling price per unit by $0.25, and (3) increase fixed selling expenses by $40,000. Paul quoted an old marketing research report that said that sales volume would increase by 61% if these changes were made. What effect would Paul’s plan have on the profits and the break-even point in dollars of the partnership?

Amount                               Effect

Profit                     $

Break-even point                             $