While talking to your friend about your week, you mentioned that you had just learned about standard costing which plays a vital role in variance analysis. This topic interested your friend, who runs a bakery and wants to learn what he or she would need to do to set up a standard costing system for the bakery. This gives you an opportunity to share your new knowledge with your friend. What would you tell your friend about standard costing?

STAT 216 - Worksheet #12 Name: Lab Section: Many alpine skiers and snowboarders do not use helmets. Do helmets reduce the risk of head Table: injuries? A study in Norway compared skiers and snowboarders who suffered head injuries with a control group who were not injured. Of 578 subjects with a head injury 96 had worn a helmet. Of the sampled 2992 skiers and snowboarders who had not had a head injury, 656 of them wore helmets. We will compute a confidence interval for the difference in the proportion of skiers and snowboarders who wear helmets between the two groups (no head injury vs head injury). Is helmet use more or less common among skiers and snowboarders who have head injuries?

1. Give the symbols for and define the parameters of interest.

2. Find the observed sample proportions and the observed difference in proportions.

3. Check the conditions to verify the assumptions necessary for a two-proportion confidence interval. 4. Find a 2-proportion 95% confidence interval.

13. Assume on 1/1/18 that BIGDEBT has decided to refinance its debt. Assume all the

data about the bond issue (as given in Requirement #8 above).

On 1/1/18 BIGDEBT issues sufficient new bonds to call in the old bonds. The dollar amount (price) of the new bond issue is exactly the same as the dollar amount needed to call (redeem) the old bonds. The new bond issue has a 14% coupon rate, 3-year life, and the new bonds are issued at face with interest payments on each 6/30 and 12/31.

13. Assume on 1/1/18 that BIGDEBT has decided to refinance its debt. Assume all the

data about the bond issue (as given in Requirement #8 above).

On 1/1/18 BIGDEBT issues sufficient new bonds to call in the old bonds. The dollar amount (price) of the new bond issue is exactly the same as the dollar amount needed to call (redeem) the old bonds. The new bond issue has a 14% coupon rate, 3-year life, and the new bonds are issued at face with interest payments on each 6/30 and 12/31.

13. Assume on 1/1/18 that BIGDEBT has decided to refinance its debt. Assume all the

data about the bond issue (as given in Requirement #8 above).

On 1/1/18 BIGDEBT issues sufficient new bonds to call in the old bonds. The dollar amount (price) of the new bond issue is exactly the same as the dollar amount needed to call (redeem) the old bonds. The new bond issue has a 14% coupon rate, 3-year life, and the new bonds are issued at face with interest payments on each 6/30 and 12/31.

Describe the path a red blood cell would take traveling through the body. Start your RBC in the right atrium and show its path until it returns to the right atrium. Should be at least 7 steps or more

explain what a while loop is and how you can use it. Give examples based on websites on how you can use a while loop to your advantage. This assignment should be a couple paragraphs long (5-8 sentences per paragraph).

Consider learning theories you have been reading about in your course materials.

What is the evidence that TV or film portrayals of violence is linked to real world aggression?

Use at least one peer reviewed article or other empirical research to back up your conclusion.

What are alternative explanations for aggression and violence, rather than just observing violence on TV or film

4. What is the difference between the null and alternative hypotheses? What does alpha

      represent? (4 pts)

The proportion of professional baseball players who take steroids has been assumed to be twenty percent by the team owner council. The Commissioner of Baseball has instituted a new campaign to reduce the proportion of players who take steroids. The Commissioner would now like to test whether their campaign has worked. (α = 0.05)

      State the null and alternative hypotheses that the Commissioner would test. Use

      symbols in the hypotheses. State alpha and define the parameter. (7 pts)

Ho: p = 0.2 (.)       

      Ha: p < 0.2 (.)                                

Time Magazine states that the nationwide drop out rate for high school seniors is ten percent. You conduct a test to see if the drop out rate for high school seniors is actually more than ten percent. ( α = 0.01)

     State the null and alternative hypotheses for this test. Use symbols in the hypotheses.

     State alpha and define the parameter. (7 pts)

The Maryland Department of Health claims that the proportion of heroin users in Maryland that have been infected by HIV is four percent. Suppose a researcher wants to show that this claim is not true. ( α = 0.1)

     State the null and alternative hypotheses to dispute the Maryland Department of

     Health’s claim. Use symbols in the hypotheses. State alpha and define the parameter.

    (7 pts)

Ho:        

      Ha:

What happens to your body if you get stung by a bee and you are allergic? 1. Explain the science in your own words as if you are describing it to someone with no scientific knowledge (make sure you use appropriate words).