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case study apple iPhone. There are risks and rewards for all in a global economy. The...

case study apple iPhone.

There are risks and rewards for all in a global economy. The globalization of human capital results in a range of winners and losers around the world: companies and their stockholders, consumers, contractors, firms up and down the supply chain, employed people, and unemployed people, as well as their economies. In February 2011, President Obama asked Apple's Steve Jobs why Apple could not bring back all the jobs it used to provide in the United States. The jobs related to most high-tech products made by companies such as Dell, HP, and Apple have now migrated overseas, including those for Apple's 70 million iPhones, 30 million iPads, and 59 million other products sold in 2011. Breaking down the retail price of $500 for Apple's iPhone, for example, Time magazine estimates that $61 worth of value comes from Japan, with its high-end technology manufacturing; $30 of value is added from Germany; $23 from South Korea; $7 from Chinese assembly lines; $48 from “unspecified”; and $11 from the U.S. Those inputs total $179 for parts and assembly abroad, leaving Apple, the inventor in the U.S., a profit of $321.3. For the first quarter of 2012, Apple made $13 billion in profit.
Although Apple directly employs 43,000 in the U.S. and 20,000 overseas, an additional 700,000 people engineer, build, and assemble iPads, iPhones, and Apple's other products in Asia and Europe. Sophisticated component parts outsourced in various countries are assembled in China. Some of those are contracted to Foxconn's Longhua factory campus in Shenzhen, for example, where over 300,000 employees live in dorms, eat on site, and chum out iPhones, Sony PlayStations, and Dell computers. Foxconn Technology, with 1.2 million employees in plants throughout the country, is China's largest exporter and assembles an estimated 40 percent of the world’s consumer electronics, including for customers such as Amazon, Dell, Hewlett-Packard, Nintendo, Nokia, and Samsung. No other factories in the world have the manufacturing scale of Foxconn.
The answer to the President’s question is not as simple as the ability to acquire cheaper labor overseas; Apple’s executives and those at other high-tech firms claim that “Made in the U-S-A” is not a competitive strategy for them because America does not compare favorably with the industrial skills, hard work, and flexibility that can be found in companies such as Foxconn. Questions as to what corporate America owes to Americans are met with the example of thousands of Chinese workers being roused in the night to accommodate a redesigned iPhone screen, and within a few days being able to produce 10000 iPhones a day—a feat not possible in U.S.factories. While the cost of labor is a small percentage of an iPhone’s cost, the major advantage and cost saving in China is in the management of supply chains and rapid access to component parts and manufacturing supplies from various factories in close proximity. In addition, Apple maintains that the large number of engineers and other skilled workers who could be accessed on short notice in China simply are not readily available in the United States; nor are the factories with the scale, speed, and flexibility that such a high-tech company needs. Apple executives give the example of visiting a factory to consider whether it could do the necessary work to cut the glass for the iPhone’s touchscreen. Upon their arrival, a new wing of the plant was already being built “in case you give us the contract.” Fareed Zakaria, in Times,maintains that this competitive edge is gained largely through Chinese government subsidies and streamlined regulations in order to boost domestic manufacturing. In the end, however, Apple maintains that:
We don’t have an obligation to solve America's problems. Our only obligation is making the best product possible.
However, after a number of suicides at Foxconn in 2010, reportedly attributable to the poor working conditions and excessive hours for very low pay, Apple was under some pressure from negative publicity; subsequently Foxconn raised wages, retained counselors, and literally strung nets from its highest buildings (to catch people). Apple does have a supplier code of conduct. In January 2012, Apple joined the Fair Labor Association (FLA), the first technology company to do so, and asked the group to do an independent assessment of conditions at its major factories. This move followed the company’s own report that documented numerous labor violations, including employees doing 60 hour workweeks and not getting paid proper overtime. A few days after the FLA started its investigation, Foxconn said that they would increase salaries for some workers by 16% to 20%—to about $400 a month before overtime—and that they would reduce overtime. While this is encouraging news for workers' rights, it should be noted that Apple and other contractors are known to only allow the slimmest of profits to its suppliers, which results in the suppliers trying anything to reduce their costs, such as using cheaper and more toxic chemicals or making their employees work faster and longer.
“The only way you make money working for Apple is figuring out how to do things more efficiently or cheaper,” said an executive at one company that helped bring the iPad to market.” And then they’ll come back the next year, and force a 10 percent price cut.”
China is being forced to take notice of such problems and labor is gaining some ground; the issue then is that firms have already started to move jobs to other countries with lower wages.
1. What is meant by the globalization of human capital? Is this inevitable as firms increase their global operations?
2. How does this case illustrate the threats and opportunities facing global companies in developing their strategies?
3. To what extent do you think the negative media coverage has affected Apple’s recent decision to ask the FLA to do an independent assessment and the subsequent decision by Foxconn to raise some salaries? What do you think will happen now?

In: Economics

2. Often a sharp fall in stock market causes a fall in bond rate, even though...

2. Often a sharp fall in stock market causes a fall in bond rate, even though macroeconomic factors affecting bond rates have not changed (e.g. October 1987). How would the loanable funds theory explain this phenomenon?

In: Finance

3) On July 15th, 2013, $800 was invested in an account paying 10% compounded semiannually. Then...

3) On July 15th, 2013, $800 was invested in an account paying 10% compounded semiannually. Then on July 15, 2017 the money was reinvested in an account paying 8% compounded daily. Determine the balance on October 20, 2017 using the Banker's Rule.

In: Finance

*NOTE: I don't really know what subject this would be considered. It's from my business law...

*NOTE: I don't really know what subject this would be considered. It's from my business law class.

Outsourcing specialized operational tasks has become a common practice. When outsourcing involves the transfer of personal information, issues of security and privacy are raised. Customers may consent to the collection of personal data without realizing that their information could be shared with another company located halfway around the world and subject to different disclosure and protection rules. In recognition of international privacy concerns, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) created guidelines to enhance privacy protection during trans-border data exchanges. Guideline 10 suggests that personal data should not be used or disclosed without the consent of the owner or authority of law.

Canadian outsourcing to the United States has become even more controversial since the enactment of the USA PATRIOT Act.15 This legislation allows US law-enforcement officials to obtain personal records or information from any source in the country without the data owner knowing. As a result, there have been several Canadian challenges of personal data outsourcing to the United States. In B.C.G.E.U. v. British Columbia (Minister of Health), union members argued that the Ministry of Health was violating patients’ rights to privacy under section 7 of the Charter by outsourcing physician billing data that contained personal patient information to a private U.S. company.16 The BC Supreme Court disagreed, holding that as long as the contractual arrangement authorized under the Canada Health Act ensured that a reasonable expectation of privacy was protected, the practice was acceptable. Since then BC., Nova Scotia, and Alberta passed legislation that restricts public (not private) sector trans-border outsourcing.17

The Privacy Commissioner rejected a similar complaint against the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce. The bank outsourced the processing of credit card transactions to an American company. The specific confidentiality and security contained in the outsourcing agreement were approved by the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions, and this satisfied the Commissioner. Both decisions turned on the specific terms of the outsourcing agreement and prior regulatory approval of the terms.

When considering sending sensitive information across the border and outsourcing to American firms, businesses should:

• Undertake a security analysis of the American company prior to contracting;

• Inform the affected customer data owner;

• Include specific confidentiality, security, and reporting provisions in the outsourcing agreement;

• Seek regulatory approval of the agreement, if available; and

• Regularly audit the privacy practices of the outsourcing company.

Increased privacy concerns can be anticipated as the transnational public cloud computing industry replaces user owned software, desks, and laptops as the primary custodians of personal information. “By 2017, enterprise spending on cloud computing will amount to a projected $235.1 billion, triple the $78.2 billion spent in 2011. ….(in 2014) global business spending for infrastructure and services related to

the cloud will reach an estimated $174.2 billion, up 20 percent from the amount spent in 2013.”

Question (1): Are there certain types of information that should remain within Canadian borders? If Canadian data is at greater risk of disclosure when transferred to the United States, why not ban all public and private outsourcing to the United States? Discuss.

Question (2): How can personal information be protected when stored on a transnational cloud server?

In: Operations Management

Your friend Scott Adams has hired you to do a fraud prevention analysis for him. Scott...

Your friend Scott Adams has hired you to do a fraud prevention analysis for him. Scott is a successful home-based custom furniture builder. He feels like he is ready to expand his business, Woodcraft By Scott. He doesn’t want to incur the expense and effort of creating a retail store, etc. He would rather grow through internet sales and as his business expands, he’ll look for a workshop and hire help. For now, Scott’s wife Lisa handles phone and email ordering and the business end of the operation. Scott hired a web page designer who has created a website and on-line ordering process for the business. The current plan is to roll out the website and the on-line business on October 1st. Lisa recently saw a segment on the television show “American Greed”1 about a credit card fraudster. This frightened her. She convinced Scott to give you a call. You have been contracted by Woodcraft By Scott to reassure Lisa and to protect this budding small business from fraud.

Scott has asked you for a memo addressing the following:

1) What types of fraud should this type of business be concerned with? Identify at least three fraud risks and explain them.

2) What prevention and control steps should the business take to counter these fraud risks? Note: he trusts Lisa and believes that she would be insulted if you identified as a risk her control of the business.

3) Scott is a bit concerned about the costs of these potential controls. He says that his approach to business decisions mirrors his furniture building method – one step at a time. So, he would prefer that you give him options, in priority order based on level of risk, so that he can take it one step at a time if he chooses.

In: Accounting

Financial institutions are subject to regulations to ensure that they do not take excessive risk and...

Financial institutions are subject to regulations to ensure that they do not take excessive risk and they can safely facilitate the flow of funds through financial markets. Nevertheless, during the credit crisis, individuals were concerned about using financial institutions to facilitate their financial transactions. Why do you think the existing regulations were ineffective at ensuring a safe financial system? brief in approximately 350-400 words

In: Finance

Automobile Insurance Program: Writes a program that prints the insurance fee to pay for a Vehicle...

Automobile Insurance Program:

Writes a program that prints the insurance fee to pay for a Vehicle according to the following rules:

  • A Honda that is All Wheel Drive costs $450.
  • A Honda that is two wheels drive costs $350.
  • A Toyota that is All Wheel Drive costs $300.
  • A Toyota that is Two Wheel Drive costs $250.

  • A Nissan that is All Wheel Drive costs $200.
  • A Nissan that is Two Wheel Drive costs $280.

In: Computer Science

Automobile Insurance Program: Writes a program that prints the insurance fee to pay for aVehicle...

Automobile Insurance Program:

Writes a program that prints the insurance fee to pay for a Vehicle according to the following rules:

  • A Honda that is All Wheel Drive costs $450.

  • A Honda that is two wheels drive costs $350.

  • A Toyota that is All Wheel Drive costs $300.

  • A Toyota that is Two Wheel Drive costs $250.

  • A Nissan that is All Wheel Drive costs $200.

  • A Nissan that is Two Wheel Drive costs $280.

In: Computer Science

Air is contained in a piston-cylinder. Initially, the 0.35 kg of air is at 2 MPa...

Air is contained in a piston-cylinder. Initially, the 0.35 kg of air is at 2 MPa and 350°C. The air is first expanded isothermally to 500 kPa, then compressed polytropically with a polytropic exponent of 1.25 to the initial pressure, and finally compressed at the constant pressure to the initial state. Calculate the net heat transfer during the polytropic process in kJ assuming constant specific heats at 300 K (with 3 significant figures).

In: Other

In the Social Cognitive Theory, the factors of reciprocal determinism have many constructs including self-efficacy, expectations,...

In the Social Cognitive Theory, the factors of reciprocal determinism have many constructs including self-efficacy, expectations, observational learning (modeling), expectancies, emotional arousal, behavioral capability, reinforcement, and locus of control.

For this week’s Discussion, describe each construct as it relates to the Social Cognitive Theory and give one example for each construct as it relates to you personally in your goals of health and wellness, and use 350 words or more.

In: Nursing