Scientific Proof that ‘Metabo-Herb’ causes your tomatoes to grow faster than ‘Super-Grow.’ Decades of scientific research has resulted in the development of a new plant fertilizer that promotes plant growth better than any other product on the market—including ‘Super Grow.’ ‘Metabo-Herb’ is a clinically formulated fertilizer that is scientifically proven to outperform all other products. We don’t just say that our product is better, we prove it! The following experiment provides definitive, scientific proof of the superiority of ‘Metabo-Herb’ over ‘Super-Grow. Two side by side one-acre fields were planted with the same variety of tomatoes. One of the fields was fertilized with ‘Metabo-Herb,’ the other was not. At the end of the season, plants were randomly sampled from each field and compared with respect to growth (plant height). The differences in growth between the plants are amazing and scientifically proven! A statistically significant difference in plant height between the groups proves the superiority of ‘Metabo-Herb” over our competitors. Growth (height in inches) ‘Metabo-Herb’ Without 48 39 52 31 43 36 49 29 50 37 37 39 51 36 47 34 48 37 42 38 53 33 50 43 29 32 48 29 47 26 Mean 46 35 Plants fertilized with Metabo-Herb grew on average 11 inches taller than those without. These data scientifically prove the superiority of Metabo-Herb over Super Grow. But don’t take our word for it—Listen to what gardeners around the country have to say about our product: I’ve never had such tall plants—Metabo-Herb made my garden the envy of the town. -Billy J. (Winchester, TN) My tomatoes have never grown so fast! -Nancy C. (Harrell, SD) After using Metabo-Herb, I’ll never use anything else. -Andrew S. (Southampton, MD) My tomato plants are the biggest I’ve ever had...just look at them! -Johnny V. (Yucca, AZ) In addition to be scientifically proven to be more effective than our competitors, Metabo-Herb is less expensive! For $49.98 you can order a 40 pound bag of Metabo-Herb—just put it on your garden and watch your plants grow like never before. Don’t Delay, Send only $49.98 to: Fleece-You Enterprises Swindler Lane Deceit, RI 70725 Metabo-Herb Activity—Critical Question Sets What specific claims do the manufactures make about their product? Explain why it is important that all individuals—not just scientists—have a clear understanding of science as a method of inquiry. Identify the following components of the study: Control Group: Experimental Group: Dependent Variable: Independent Variable: Controlled Variable(s): What comments/questions do you think scientists who review the work might have for the researchers who conducted this study? Also describe one universal rule (e.g., gravity,diffusion, energy conversions, etc.) that you believe a human body obeys, explain how it accomplishes that feat, and describe how you know it to be true.

True or False

1.  Chromosomecan be thought of as the more highly condensed form of DNAthat is seen in the cell during the mitotic phase portion of the cell cycle.

2. The sporophytecells of a plant are cells that should have the diploidamount of “chromosomes” present and some those cells can perform meiosisto produce spores.

3.  The centromere associated with each monad is a large cluster of numerous proteins, and these proteins are attached to the DNA region of the monad called a kinetochore.

4.__ During the S portion of interphase the DNA making up each monad is duplicated and the two sister chromatids remain together in the region of the dyad called the centromere.

5.__ Cytokinesis is the term used to identify the separation of the cytoplasm of an animal cell into two complete, separate cells through the action of microtubules, intermediate filaments and kinesin motor proteins.

6.__ Cells of both plants and animals have spindle fibers present during cellular division and these fibers are short microfilaments composed of the protein actin with associated myosin motor proteins.

7.__ Cytokinesis in animal cells undergoing mitosis might not occur and this results in the production of a cell with a two nuclei, each with the diploid amount of monads present.

8.__ The process of cytokinesis in plant cells requires the correct function of myosin motor proteins and actin microfilaments.

9.__ Most fungi, animals and protists have a sexual life cycle that involves a clear representation of the alternation of generations.

10.__ Aneuploidies are usually the result of the nondisjunction of homologs during meiosis I or the nondisjunction of monads during meiosis II.

11.__ Most types (kingdoms) of eukaryotic organisms produce gametes as a result of meiosis of diploid mother cells.

12.__ Segregation of gene alleles occurs exclusively during the second meiotic division of plants and exclusively during the first meiotic division in animals.

13.__ When asexual reproduction occurs, the offspring produced have DNA from a single parental source and the offspring have less genetic variability than sexual reproduction.

14.__ The 23rd pair of chromosomes in humans are the sex chromosomes and females are heterogametic (2 types of sex chromosomes) while males are homogametic (1 type of sex chromosomes).

15.__ All members of the Plantae have both a multicellular haploid (gametophyte) and multicellular diploid (sporophyte) component of their sexual life cycle.

16.__The reduction division stage of meiosis is the second meiotic division (meiosis II) and this is when human cells go from a diploid state of 46 dyads to a haploid state of 23 monads.

17.__ A tetrad is composed of a homologous pair of dyad chromosomes that are involved in synapsis and crossing over may occur between homologous chromatids when the dyads are in this state.

18.__ A key function suggested for why organisms perform meiosis is as a mechanism of purifying selection and the removal of deleterious (mutated) genes.

19.__ The key event(s) in the transformation of organisms from the haploid component of their life cycle to the diploid component are the meiotic division of cells and production of gametes..

20.__ In female chickens you would find somatic cells with fully homologous pairs of chromosomes (monads) but in males there would be only mostly fully homologous pairs (monads) and one partially homologous pair the sex chromosomes.

The wage-schooling locus is

QUESTION 45

1. Which of the following statement regarding operons is FALSE?

   		A negative regulator of transcription is called a repressor.
   		The cistron region of an operon in the region of DNA that codes for a polypeptide chain.
   		The promoter is a region in the DNA upstream of an operon and the site of transcription initiation.
   		In the lac operon, LacY is a membrane protein that transports lactose into the cell. Once inside the cell, LacZ breaks down the lactose into allolactose.
   		Allolactose serves as an inducer of the lac operon by binding to the LacI repressor and preventing it from associating with the operator region of the lac operon.
   		An operon is a unit of transcription.
   		All of the statements are true.
   		All of the genes in an operon are transcribed simultaneously into a single mRNA molecule.

3 points   

QUESTION 46

1. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

   		Methanogens generate methane as a biproduct of their metabolism.
   		Bubbles that rise from a pond come from methane production by methanogens in the organically rich anaerobic mud at the of the pond.
   		Extreme halophiles avoid the loss of intracellular water (plasmolysis) by concentrating KCl inside of the cell.
   		Cyanobacteria contain precursors to the modern chloroplast giving them photosynthetic capabilities.
   		Since oxygen has a low solubility in high salt concentrations, halophiles synthesize special regions in their cytoplasmic membrane that house bacteriorhodopsin, a light-driven proton pump (works through ATP synthase) that generates sufficient ATP when oxygen is limiting.
   		Halophiles are said to have purple membranes due to the presence of  chloroplasts.
   		Firmicutes bacteria are the first colonizers of the intestines of human newborns.
   		All of the statements are true.

3 points   

QUESTION 47

1. True or False: Environmental factors (such as sunlight, chemicals, nutrient level, etc.) can trigger a lysogenic virus to enter a lytic cycle.

   True

   False

3 points   

QUESTION 48

1. Which of the following are ways that viruses are classified?

   		All are ways in which viruses can be classified.
   		host (plants, animals, bacteria, etc.)
   		presence of absence of an envelope
   		type of nucleic acid (DNA vs RNA)
   		amount of nucleic acid present (single stranded, double stranded, etc)

3 points   

QUESTION 49

1. Which of the following describes the innate immune system?

   		-part of the immune system we develop over time as we are exposed to our environment -includes mechanical components (like the skin), inflammation, compliment system and phagocytosis -involves cells like B cells and T cells
   		-part of the immune system we are born with -includes mechanical components (like the skin), inflammation, compliment system and phagocytosis -involves cells like neutrophils and monocytes
   		-part of the immune system we are born with -includes antibodies and cell-mediated immunity -involves cells like neutrophils and monocytes
   		-part of the immune system we develop over time as we are exposed to our environment -includes mechanical components (like the skin), inflammation, compliment system and phagocytosis -involves cells like neutrophils and monocytes

3 points   

QUESTION 50

1. True or False: During endospore formation, the forespore layers up and gets tough in STAGES IV, V, and VI). A thick murein layer (called the cortex) is laid down between the two membranes, spore coat forms on the very outside +/- a membranous layer called the exosporium.

   True

   False

One for the Road—Anyone?
“Florence Yozefu is a brilliant scientist who heads a robotics research laboratory at one of the top
ten research universities. Florence has been developing wearable robotics gear that can take over
the driving functions of a vehicle from a human operator when it is worn by the driver. In
laboratory tests, the robot, nicknamed Catchmenot, has performed successfully whenever Florence
and her assistants have worn the robot. However, no real-life experiment has ever been conducted
outside the lab. Florence has been planning to try it out in her project plan but has not yet had a
chance to do so. For New Year’s Eve, Florence has plans to visit her mother and sister, about 100
miles away. This was a good opportunity to show her mother and her sister what she has been
working on in the last few months. So, she decides to take Catchmenot with her. She packs her car
the evening before and on the morning of the trip, she passes by the lab to get her robot and put it
in the car. She drives the 100 miles in a little under her usual time and arrives at her mother’s house
earlier than usual”.
“In the evening, Florence bids her mother good-bye and passes by her sister’s apartment as
promised. At her sister’s apartment, she finds a few of her teen friends and they get right into a
party mode. Florence drinks and dances and forgets about the time. There are many stories to tell
and to listen to. About 1:00 a.m., after the midnight champagne toast, she decides to leave and
drive back to her apartment. She had promised to accompany her friends to a pre-planned
engagement. Although she is very drunk, and against her friend’s advice and insistence that she
should not drive, Florence puts on Catchmenot and in a few minutes she is off. Thirty minutes later,
she is cruising at 70 mph and she is also sound asleep. She is awakened by a squirrel running all
over her car at about 5:00 a.m. She is parked by the roadside in front of her apartment complex.
She has made it home safely. She has no idea when and where she passed out and what happened
along the way. She will never know. Although she is surprised, confused, and feels guilty, she is
happy how well Catchmenot has worked. She decides to market it. How much should she charge
for it, she wonders”.
[Source: Kizza J.M. History of Computing. In: Ethical and Social Issues in the Information Age, 2010,
Texts in Computer Science. Springer, London]
Please answer the following questions:
1. As AI applications increase, such as in the use of robotics, will the wider use of these
“manlike” machines compromise our moral values system? Why or why not? [2 Marks]
2. Discus the future of computer ethics in the integrated environment of Artificial Intelligence
(A I), Virtual Reality (VR), and cyberspace. [3 Marks]
3. If anything went wrong during the ride home, would Florence be responsible? Who should
be? What are the consequences? [3 Marks]
4. Discuss the ethical implications of Artificial Intelligence. [2 Marks]\

a) HKL is a manufacturer and distributor of printed stationery products that are sold in a wide variety of retail stores around the country. There are two divisions: Manufacturing and Distribution. A very large inventory is held in the distribution warehouse to cope with orders from retailers who expect delivery within 24 hours of placing an order.

HKL’s management accountant for the Manufacturing division charges the Distribution division for all goods transferred at the standard cost of manufacture which is agreed by each division during the annual budget cycle. The Manufacturing division makes a 10% profit on the cost of production but absorbs all production variances. The goods transferred to Distribution are therefore at a known cost and physically checked by both the Manufacturing and the Distribution division staff at the time of transfer.

The customer order process for HKL’s Distribution division is as follows:

i) HKL’s customer service center receives orders by telephone, post, fax, email and through an online Internet ordering facility. The customer service center checks the creditworthiness of customers and bundles up orders several times each day to go to the Distribution division.

ii) All orders received by the Distribution division are input to HKL’s computer system which checks stock availability and staff would then produce an invoice for the goods using another accounting system.

iii) Internet orders have been credit checked automatically and stock has been reserved as part of the order entry process carried out by the customer. Internet orders automatically result in an invoice being printed without additional input.

iv) The Distribution division uses a copy of the invoice to select goods from the warehouse, which are then assembled in the loading dock for delivery using HKL’s own fleet of delivery vehicles.

v) When HKL’s drivers deliver the goods to the customer, the customer signs for the receipt and the signed copy of the invoice is returned to the Distribution division and then to the account department.

vi) HKL’s management accountant for the Distribution division produces monthly management reports based on the selling price of the goods less the standard cost of manufacture. The control for inventory is compared with the monthly inventory valuation report and while there are differences, these are mainly the result of write-offs of damaged or obsolete stock, which are recorded on journal entry forms by the Distribution division and sent to the account department.

Due to the size of inventory held, a physical stocktake is only taken once per annum by Distribution staff, at the end of the financial year. Besides, there is limited use of computerized system to keep track the movement of stocks; they rely on human power to check the stocks for delivery. As for this, this has always revealed some stock losses, although these have been at an acceptable level. Both internal and external auditors are present during the stocktake and check selected items of stock with the Distribution division staff. Due to the range of products held in the warehouse, the auditors rely on the Distribution division staff to identify the products held.

Identify and analyse the key weaknesses in the risk management approach that the directors of HKL should look into. Also, suggest the course of action that should be taken. Relevant examples or illustrations should be given.

WHO WILL STAFF UP THE CHINA OPERATIONS?

Your international company headquartered in New Jersey is sending an expatriate to China for a three-year assignment to staff up and run a new branch of its industrial products business. The main Chinese customers are using the products in their Middle Eastern and North African petroleum operations. You have extensive overseas experience and presently serve as VP, Human Resources. You chair the selection committee. There were 12 internal people interested in the position, and your committee has narrowed this to 3 final candidates, all of whom want this assignment. Here are the candidates: Tom is a mid-level finance manager with stellar performance reviews. He has no foreign experience and would like to develop his career in this direction. He is single, has an MBA, and has been out of school for 20 years. His background is in finance at the undergrad level, which he studied at Ohio State University, only 50 miles from his hometown. He is involved in the local Council on Foreign Relations and is an accomplished athlete. Firdaus is a deputy VP of HR at corporate. Her family emigrated from Yemen to Chicago when she was in grade school, and she speaks, reads, and writes Arabic, both classical and the Yemeni dialect. She is married, with two children. Her husband George is a professor of history and does not speak Arabic. She has a PhD in engineering, joined the company on the operations side, and has made the midcareer transition to HR successfully. She finished her PhD at the University of London in the UK before she began with the company and is now early midcareer. Her performance reviews are stellar. She encountered an incident at HQ several years ago when there was a discussion about her wearing a headscarf, but this was resolved without her changing her practice. She is well known and well liked throughout HQ. Her husband is ready to take a leave of absence for three years to accompany her.

Gunther is VP of the German-based EU company. His functional background is accounting, and he is credited with the success of the company in the EU. He built the business from a small operation in Frankfurt to the EU sector leader in only seven years. He speaks German and English and is known for being well organized and “button-upped.” His work is timely, accurate, and detailed. Gunther’s boss, the president of international, was a bit surprised that Gunther expressed interest in this position, since it is perceived as junior to the position he has now, although it would have an equivalent title on paper. Gunther has an undergraduate degree in anthropology and took graduate-level accounting courses earlier in his career. The company would like someone who could get the operation up and running, stay for three years, and then transfer the position to a local hire whom they would have developed for the responsibility.

1. Drawing on the cultural dimensions that we have reviewed, along with your business knowledge, whom would you recommend for the position?

2. What would be your reasoning for this choice?

3. Whom would you suggest for a backup candidate, if the first selection declined the position?

1. How does the World Health Organisation define disability?
2. List the name and address of ten different government information websites you can use to find information on resources and services for people with disabilities. The answer should include information about sporting, cultural and specific interest groups.
3. Identify three cultural barriers you may encounter when supporting community participation and social inclusion.
4. What strategies can you implement to encourage community participation and inclusion according to your client’s individualised plan?
5. What is a community access plan?
6. How can you assist your client in forming one-to-one connections and relationships?
7. Discuss the different types of feedback you can collect. Who should you collect feedback from and why?
8. What principles are important to observe and practice when implementing an Individualised Support Plan?
9. Why is it important to monitor an Individualised Support Plan?
10. In what ways can you find out about barriers that may be affecting your clients during programs and activities? What is the best course of action to attempt to overcome them?
11. List four strategies you could help to implement to assist a high functioning person you support to manage a transport system.
12. Give your understanding of the rights and responsibilities of a person with disability. Where can you find out more information on human rights of clients?
13. What is active citizenship? How does this have an impact on your job role?
14. In what ways can the family or carers of the people you support, be some of the most important working relationships for your work role?
15. For what reasons might you need to get someone else involved when encouraging community participation and inclusion with your clients?
16. What is the process for review of your client’s goals, as dictated in their individualised plan?
17. How would you find out about the types of social activities your clients might want to link in to? What personal information might assist you with the selection of activities?
18. What services might you need to access to assist with community participation or activities for the clients you support?

Basket of Goodies is positioning itself as an upscale manufacturer of gourmet gift baskets through the introduction of several production baskets as well as custom options. BOG will achieve this positioning by leveraging their competitive advantages. The competitive advantage is based on two factors, low overhead which supports reasonable prices, and an unrelenting desire for the highest quality product and service. 1. Overhead- BOG's overhead is particularly low because it is a home based business. Most of BOG's competition is based in retail shopping areas. While they receive more walk by traffic and therefore higher sales numbers, their rent is a very large monthly expense. BOG avoids this large expense by having the business run out of owner Susan Presento's home. Additionally, Susan will be using a modified version of JIT (just in time) inventory and assembling. Susan's husband passes by 90% of Susan's vendors on his way home from work so Susan is able to order inventory when she needs it and have her husband pick it up on the way home from work. This significantly lowers shipping costs and carrying costs for The Basket of Goodies Page 8 inventory. BOG will have some of the standard baskets in stock for walk by orders, but will try not to have large amounts in overhead. 2. Unrelenting desire for the highest quality product and service- Let's face it, this market space is already crowded and a mediocre gift basket service is not going to fly, so Basket of Goodies must have some sort of differentiating feature that lets it stand out. Susan only uses the finest quality ingredients and can afford to because of her low overhead. Additionally, she always follows the maxim that the customer must be 100% satisfied. That means she is willing to loose money on an occassional order, if necessary, to please a customer, confident that in the long run this is a wise business decision. 3.6 Strategies The single objective is to position Basket of Goodies as a manufacturer of unique, attractive, gourmet gift baskets for individuals as well as corporate customers. The marketing strategy will seek to create customer awareness regarding the product offerings, develop the customer base, and work toward building customer loyalty and referrals that will significantly decrease customer acquisition costs. BOG will seek to communicate the message that they offer a higher quality, gourmet alternative for gift baskets relative to the baskets currently available. This message will be communicated through various methods, tailored to each target market. The first method will be the use of a Website. The Website will have product information, company information, as well as ordering information and order taking. The site will be useful to both targeted groups, individuals as well as corporate customers. The second method will be brochures, primarily marketing to individuals. These brochures will be dispersed through many different sources. The last method of communication is networking and it is primarily for the corporate customer. Before founding Basket of Goodies Susan worked within the Human Resource Department of several larger corporations and has developed a large list of contacts. Susan will leverage these personal/professional relationships to generate business for BOG. Since she has worked within the HR departments before, she is quite familiar with the buying habits and decision making processes; key knowledge for generating corporate sales.

Question: How is the product positioned?