The National Sleep Foundation surveyed representative samples of adults in six different countries to ask questions about sleeping habits.† Each person in a representative sample of 250 adults in each of these countries was asked how much sleep they get on a typical work night. For the United States, the sample mean was 391 minutes, and for Mexico, the sample mean was 426 minutes.

The report also gave data for representative samples of 250 adults in Canada and in England. The sample mean amount of sleep on a work night was 423 minutes for Canada and 409 minutes for England. Suppose that the sample standard deviations were 35 minutes for the Canada sample and 41 minutes for the England sample.

(a)

Construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of the difference in the mean amount of sleep (in minutes) on a work night for adults in Canada and adults in England. (Use

μ_Canada − μ_England.

Round your answers to three decimal places.)

,

minutes

Interpret the interval.

We are 95% confident that the difference in the mean amount of sleep on a work night for the adults studied in Canada and England falls within this interval.There is a 95% chance that the difference in the mean amount of sleep on a work night for adults in Canada and adults in England falls directly in the middle of this interval.    There is a 95% chance that the true difference in the mean amount of sleep on a work night for adults in Canada and adults in England falls directly in the middle of this interval.There is a 95% chance that the difference in the mean amount of sleep on a work night for adults in Canada and adults in England falls within this interval.We are 95% confident that the true difference in the mean amount of sleep on a work night for adults in Canada and adults in England falls within this interval.

(b)

Based on the confidence interval from part (a), would you conclude that there is evidence of a difference in the mean amount of sleep on a work night for the two countries? Explain why or why not.

The confidence interval  ---Select--- (does not allow us/allows us to) conclude that there is evidence of a difference in the mean amount of sleep on a work night for the two countries because zero  ---Select--- (is not,is) contained in the confidence interval.

1. What are characteristics of the new view of accounting in 1970s?

2. In what way did the context or the times influence the early years of the CAP?

3. What role did World War I play in the development of public investing in the United States?

4. What motivated the New York Stock Exchange to seek the development of accounting principles?

5. What was significant about the list of five accounting principles that the AIA Special Committee on Cooperation With Stock Exchanges provided to the New York Stock Exchange?

6. What was so important about the creation of the SEC in 1934?

7. Why did the CAP decide not to attempt to formulate an accounting theory? How did this decision affect the CAP over its tenure?

8. What were the forces noted by Zeff (1984) which are responsible for the termination of CAP by the late 1950s?

9. What concerns were raised about ARS #1 and #3? Attribute the concerns to the three stakeholder groups: public accountants, users, and financial statement preparers.

10. How did the principles of ARS #3 change historical cost and the realization principle? Were these changes more in line with GAAP today?

11. What issue caused a major problem for the APB early in its tenure? What aspect of that issue was most troublesome?

12. How strong was the AICPA support for the APB in 1964? What alternative ways could the AICPA have more strongly supported the APB?

13. In what ways was the definition of accounting in ASOBAT a departure from contemporary accounting thinking in the mid-1960s?

14. Summarize Morrison’s, Sorter’s and Sterling’s concerns about ASOBAT.

15. By 1970, what two major problems faced the APB? How were these two problems linked? How did the AICPA attempt to solve the problems?

16. Compare and contrast the Trueblood Committee and Wheat Committee in terms of their purpose, their success in achieving their goal, and their importance to accounting

The following is the regression output for a study on serious crime rates in cities in the United States. The data was collected in the 1970s. AREA is the size of the city, DOCS is the number of Doctors, % > 65 is the proportion of residents greater than 65 years of age and HOSPITAL BEDS is the number of hospital beds per population. Answer the following questions given the supplied regression output. These variables are regressed on the serious crime rates in an attempt to explain variance in crime rates in different cities. (3 points per question)

1. How accurate is regression model? What amount of the variance in Serious Crimes is explained
2. How strong is the linear relationship between the predictors and Serious Crimes?
3. How close to the regression line is the majority of observations?
4. Does the model fit the data better than not using these predictor variables? Is the F-test significant? What hypothesis can we draw from it?
5. Use the output to form the regression equation.
6. Are all the predictors significant? Is zero contained in the confidence intervals? Why is that interesting?
7. Of the significant variables, does the corresponding slopes make intuitive sense?   Are the effects of the predictors reasonable?
8. How much variance in serious crime is unaccounted for? What additional data might explain some of this remaining variance?

• Identify several areas where artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are having practical consequences, through your own research and via reading/responding to colleagues.  
• Carry on a reasonably intelligent conversation about these different methods, showing knowledge of current events, the social milieu in which the occur and have impact, the role of AI, and some understanding of the specific elements of the AI/ML methods involved.

1. Characterize one area in depth where AI/ML methods have changed the game remarkably within the past few years.
2. For your specific applications area, identify one or more of the key turning points - these may not be a tip-the-scales type of thing; they may in fact be just the first introduction of a new technology - but in retrospect, you can identify that this was the point where everything started to change.
3. Characterize the social/economic environment that is being and will be impacted by this AI/ML introduction.
4. Drill down until you find at least one of the specific AI/ML technologies and/or methods involved. (For example, in Cambridge Analytica's recently-revealed intrusion into the 2016 United States presidential election, there were many methods used - but the AI/ML method was logistic regression.)
5. Chase down this method - finding online descriptive sources (educational blogposts, You tube vids, etc.) so that you generally understand what this method is, what it can do, and what it can be applied to. Paraphrase or summarize your key findings on this method.
6. Provide overview descriptions and links to the most valuable resources that you've found.
7. (Final Reflection - to be completed near the end of your second week, and after you've done everything else:) Expand your thinking just a bit into the future. Is this method likely to be the predominant method that will be used, at least for the next few years? Or is it likely to be superseded by even more powerful methods? If so, what kinds of methods will these be, and how will they improve on the current AI/ML approach?

This question relates to material covered in Topic 1 particularly the Australian taxation system and the dividend imputation credits. This question addresses the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th subject learning outcomes. Students are expected to conduct their own research and develop their own opinions about the merits of this topic. There is no single correct answer and students will be marked on the depth of their research, the quality of their arguments (for and against), and their demonstrated understanding of the issues involved in this complex area of financial policy. Write an essay of between 600 and 1,000 words discussing the following topic. The Australian federal government and business representative bodies argue that the Australian corporate tax rate is too high and makes Australia uncompetitive with competing economies. The government has plans to eventually lower the Australian corporate tax rate to 25%. The government believes that this will improve the economy and ultimately taxpayers by stimulating business investment and creating jobs. Internationally, many countries are lowering their corporate tax rates including, most recently, Donald Trump’s United States. Does Australia’s current level of corporate taxation make the country economically uncompetitive? Start by reviewing The Conversation article Fact Check: Is Australia’s corporate tax rate not competitive with the rest of the region?” (https://theconversation.com/factcheck-is-australias-corporate-tax-rate-not-competitive-with-the-rest-of-the-region-37226). Do you believe that lowering the Australian corporate tax rate is good policy? Discuss this issue and give particular consideration to the Australian dividend imputation system and how the Australian corporate tax rate impacts on Australian taxpayers. There are a divergence of views and resources available for students to access. There are many items in the mainstream online media which canvas the Government’s view and also that of those opposing. Students should access resources from government, industry, and not for profit community groups such as Get Up! as well as the broader print and electronic media. Remember, there is no correct answer and individual students will be assessed on their demonstrated understanding of the issues and the depth and quality of their individual research.

Suppose that, on average, electricians earn approximately μ = 54, 000 dollars per year in the United States. Assume that the distribution for electricians' yearly earnings is normally distributed and that the standard deviation is σ = 12, 000.

1. (3 points) What is the probability that a randomly selected electrician's salary is more than $50,000 but less than $60,000?

2. (3 points) Tax code dictates that 40% income tax is applied to the electricians whose annual income is among top 5% in the population. What is the minimum yearly earnings that will be levied by 40% tax, i.e., ?nd the constant a such that Pr{X > a} = 5%.

3. (3 points) In a sample of four electricians, what is the probability that all four electricians' salaries are more than $50,000 but less than $60,000? (Please round your answer to 4 decimal places.)

4. (3 points) In a sample of four electricians, let X ̄ be the average yearly earnings of these four electricians. What is the expectation of the average earnings, i.e., E(X ̄) =?

5. (3 points) In a sample of four electricians, let X ̄ be the average yearly earnings of these four 9electricians. What is the standard deviation of the average earnings, i.e., s.e.(X ̄ ) =?

6. (3 points) Is the average earnings among four electricians, X ̄, normally distributed or not? Please explain. (No credit if there is no explanation.)

7. (3 points) What is the probability that the average salary of four randomly selected electricians is more than $50,000 but less than $60,000, i,e, Pr{50, 000 < X ̄ < 60, 000}? (If you are able to ?nd this probability, please show your answer; if you are not able to ?nd this probability, please explain why you can not.)

8. (4 points) What is the probability that the average salary of sixteen randomly selected electricians is more than $50,000 but less than $60,000 ? (If you are able to ?nd this probability, please show your answer; if you are not able to ?nd this probability, please explain why you can not.)

Cash Budget

Khloe Company imports gift items from overseas and sells them to gift shops and department stores throughout the United States. Khloe Company provided the following information:

1. The October 31 balance in the cash account is $54,215.
2. All sales are on account. Sales in September were $1,000,000 and in October were $1,330,000.
3. November sales are expected to be $2,170,000.
4. In Khloe’s experience, 70 percent of sales are collected in the month of sale and 27 percent are collected in the month following sale. The remaining credit sales are uncollectible.
5. Khloe purchases all merchandise on account. Purchases in September were $715,000 and in October were $950,000. November purchases are expected to be $2,030,000 as Khloe prepares for the Christmas buying season. Fifteen percent of purchases are paid in the month of purchase, while the remainder is paid in the month following the purchase month.
6. Khloe Company has nine employees who are paid a total of $41,000 per month. Due to timing issues, about 90 percent of total wages are paid in the month earned and the remaining 10 percent are paid in the following month.
7. Rent for office and warehouse space is $12,200 paid monthly in cash.
8. Utilities average $6,400 per month and are paid in cash.
9. In November, Khloe expects to pay employment taxes of $6,650.
10. Since Khloe imports product from overseas, customs duty and shipping to the central location of 20 percent of current monthly purchase cost must be paid in the month of purchase.
11. Other cash expenses for November are expected to be $41,000.

Required:

Prepare a cash budget for Khloe Company for the month of November.

The presence of student-owned information and communication technologies (smartphones, laptops, tablets, etc.) in today's college classroom creates learning problems when students distract themselves during lectures by texting and using social media. Research on multitasking presents clear evidence that human information processing is insufficient for attending to multiple stimuli and for performing simultaneous tasks.

To collect data on how multitasking with these technologies interferes with the learning process, a carefully-designed study was conducted at a mostly residential large public university in the Northeast United States. Junco, R. In-class multitasking and academic performance. Computers in Human Behavior (2012)

At the beginning of a semester a group of students who were US residents admitted through the regular admissions process and who were taking the same courses were selected based on their high use of social media and the similarities of their college GPA's. The selected students were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups:

group 1 students were told to text and use Facebook during classes in their usual high-frequency manner;

group 2 students were told to refrain from any use of texting and Facebook during classes.

At the conclusion of the semester the semester GPA's of the students were collected. The results are shown in the table below.

IN-CLASS MUTLITASKING STUDY

Frequent Facebook Use and Texting   

x₁ = 2.87

s₁ = 0.67

n₁ = 65

No Facebook Use or Texting

x₂ = 3.16

s₂ = 0.53

n₂ = 65

Do texting and Facebook use during class have a negative affect on GPA? To answer this question perform a hypothesis test with
H₀: μ₁−μ₂ = 0
where μ₁ is the mean semester GPA of all students who text and use Facebook frequently during class and μ₂ is the mean semester GPA of all students who do not text or use Facebook during class.

Question 1. What is the value of the test statistic for this hypothesis test?

Question 2. What is the P-value for this hypothesis test?

you will be analyzing racial stereotypes and how those stereotypes are reinforced or challenged by the portrayal of race in TV and film. Begin by completing the sentences below with the first racial/ethnic stereotype that comes to mind. The stereotype does not have to be accurate, nor does it have to be one that you subscribe to (or believe in). Just write whatever pops into your head.

• Mexicans are...
• Blacks are...
• Asians are...
• Muslims are...
• Whites are...

Now, you get to watch some TV. Yes, you heard me right! I want you to pick a show (an episode of a series or a movie) that has a character from a minority group. Your character cannot be white; he or she must be from a racial minority group (Latinx, African American, Asian, Middle Eastern, Native American, etc.).

Begin by describing your character. Describe the traits, positions, and actions of your racial/ethnic character. What is your character's occupational prestige? How far did they have to go in school to get the job they have? Was the character shown as deviant/criminal or law abiding? A leader or follower? Do they live in a nice home or in government housing? Are they married or single? Rich or poor? Etc. As you write your descriptions, be sure to include at least three (3) traits or positions that your character held.

Now write about how the way your racial/ethnic character was portrayed affects the racial stereotypes we have here in the United States? How did your character's portrayal reinforce the stereotype held by Americans? Or, in what way did your character's portrayal challenge the stereotypes Americans have about that racial/ethnic group?

To sum up, you need to include at least three (3) traits/positions that your chosen character holds, and at least two (2) ways that widely held stereotypes about that racial/ethnic group were either reinforced or challenged. Be as specific as possible.

Since 911, heightened airline security has increased frustrations for both airline employees and passengers. Passengers have to abide by the ever more rules that airline employees must enforce. For instance, on a flight from Europe to the United States, a simple passenger request escalated quickly. “John Murphy asked a flight attendant about a sign telling passengers not to venture beyond the curtain separating the economy class from the rest of the plane.”, the New York Times reported. “He wanted to stretch his legs and visit his wife seated on the opposite aisle., using the passageway behind the gallery in the plane’s midsection. But when he questioned a flight attendant, on the policy and began recording their conversation using his cell phone, the situation quickly escalated. The flight attendant grabbed his phone, and nearby federal air marshalls intervened.”

The marshalls held him against the wall with his hands behind his back. Murphy said, “ I wasn’t violent. I didn’t use four-letter words. All I did was ask this guy, about the sign on the curtain and they flipped out.”. Afterwards, Murphy wandered about his rights and the rules., such as being restricted to particular cabins and not just bathrooms, as well as the right to video/audio record flight crew. A spokesperson of the Federal Aviation Administration responded that there is no rule limiting passengers movement on planes, but no person may assault, threaten, intimidate, or interfere with a crew member in the performance of the crew member's duties..”

1. What rules for effective listening and speaking were violated in this situation and by whom?

2. At what point in the Communication Process was there a breakdown?

3. Why do you think the situation escalated?

4. What could the flight attendant have done differently to prevent escalation?

5. What could the passenger have done differently to prevent escalation?

Which of the four key temperaments was most clearly displayed by the passenger? By the flight attendant?