1. What role did consumer demand play in the development and adoption of artificial refrigeration in the United States?
2. Be able to discuss some of the important changes in American brewing over the course of the nineteenth century (1800s CE).
3. How did underground beer storage work, and when did brewers rely most heavily on this method?
4. What were some of the important challenges and limitations of underground storage?
5. How did icehouses help to solve the problem of beer storage for brewers?
6. How did the rise of railroads help to create big brewing?

Let the shape of the distribution of the time required to get an oil change at a 20-minute oil-change facility is unknown. However, records indicate that the mean time is 21.6 minutes, and the standard deviation is 4.5 minutes. Round to four decimal points, as needed. Include Excel formulas. *

What is the probability that a random sample of 40 oil changes results in a sample mean time of less than 20 minutes? *

What is the mean time required to get an oil change when the probability that it takes longer than that time is 5%? *

Determine whether a probability model based on Bernoulli trials can be used to investigate the situation. If not, explain.

A company realizes that 5% of its pens are defective. In a package of 30 pens, is it likely that more than 6 are defective? Assume that pens in a package are independent of each other.

Group of answer choices

Yes

No. There are more than two possible outcomes.

No. 6 is more than 10% of 30

No, the chance of getting a defective pen changes depending on the pens that have already been selected.

No. The pens in a package are dependent on each other.

A $5,000 payment is owed from Abby to Ben two years from now. Abby wants to set up an investment fund to meet this obligation, but the only investments she has available are a money market fund (currently earning 8%, but the rate changes daily), and a five-year zero-coupon bond earning 8%. Use an immunization framework to determine the amount of money Abby should invest now in each of the two investment vehicles. Assume an effective annual interest rate of 8% for present value calculations.

A rare earth element known as dysprosium has unique magnetic properties that make it a mandatory input in the manufacturing of wind turbines. All current mines for dysprosium have been exhausted. The last known location for this element is in a mountain range in China. The input costs associated with mining this remaining source of dysprosium are expected to be significantly higher than the input costs of previous mining operations. Using the supply and demand model, explain the changes you expect to happen (1) in the market for dysprosium and (2) the market for wind turbines.

The Mundell-Fleming model take the world interest rate i* as an exogenous variable. What happens when this variable changes. Which causes might drive the world interest rate up?

Assume that the world interest rate rises. What happens in the foreign exchange market and the money market, under a fixed exchange rate? Show graphically effects to aggregate income, the exchange rate, and the trade balance, and give a brief explanation.

How do authorities control the trade balance under a fixed exchange rate?

Question 1. True or false. why?

Operating leverage is used as a measure of the sensitivity of profits to changes in sales.

High operating leverage results in low volatility of profits

High degree of operating leverage provides significantly higher profits when sales are increasing.

Companies with higher proportion of fixed costs in their cost structure tend to have higher degrees of operating leverage.

Management of companies can sometimes influence its degree of operating leverage.

McDonald’s is likely have a higher degree of operating leverage than Volkswagen.

Expenditure on housing is one of the major expenses individuals face in their lifetime. However, over the last 20 years, housing prices have fluctuated quite considerably. You have been hired by a consumer affairs think-tank and tasked with producing an economic analysis explaining economic reasons why housing prices fluctuates over time (last 20 years) and its impact on relevant markets in the economy. Finally discuss some of the welfare implications (think of consumer and producer surplus) of changes in housing prices.

Using the concepts in Chapter 12 of textbook: Crafting and Executing Strategy The Quest for Competitive Advantage 21e by Thompson/Peteraf/Gamble/Strickland, describe the corporate culture within one famous organization (Apple, Unilever, Uber) that you know well. What effects do the nature and condition of THIS organizational culture have on THIS organization's strategy? What would you like to see happen that would improve its contribution to the organization's competitive advantage, and what mechanisms or measures would you recommend to THIS organization's leadership for promoting such changes?

What determines the equilibrium price level and real GDP? In the short run, a shift in aggregate demand establishes a new, but temporary, equilibrium along the short-run aggregate supply curve. TRUE or FALSE? Please Explain your Answer. In the long run, the short-run aggregate supply curves shifts so that changes in aggregate demand determine the price level but not the equilibrium level of output or real GDP. TRUE or FALSE? Please explain your answer. Propose three functions of the Federal Reserve System (“the Fed”).