Experiment 3: Measure the Mass of Air

Took a 150 mL Erlenmeyer flask & a balance & placed them on the workbench.

Moved the flask onto the balance; the mass = 88.000 g

Closed the flask & attached a pressure gauge to the Erlenmeyer flask.

Weight of the closed Erlenmeyer flask = 88.179 g

Added 1.50 atm to the Erlenmeyer flask.

The pressure = 1.50 atm

The mass = 88.269 g

Added air to the Erlenmeyer flask to a pressure of 2.00 atm.

The pressure = 2.00 atm

The mass = 88.358 g

Added air to the Erlenmeyer flask to a pressure of 2.50 atm.

The pressure = 2.50 atm

The mass = 88.448 g

Added air to the Erlenmeyer flask to a pressure of 3.00 atm.

The pressure = 3.00 atm

The mass = 88.538   

How many moles of air were in the Erlenmeyer flask when the total air pressure was 2.00 atm?

A. 0.179 mol

B. 0.0124 mol

C. 0.00620 mol

D. 0.0155 mol

How many moles of air were in the Erlenmeyer flask when the total air pressure was 2.00 atm?

A. 0.179 mol

B. 0.0124 mol

C. 0.00620 mol

D. 0.0155 mol

Consider a vapor power cycle as shown below. Steam enters the first turbine stage at 12 MP a, 480 oC, and expands to 2 MP a. Some steam is extracted at 2 MP a and fed to the closed heater. The remainder expands through the second-stage turbine to 0.3 MP a, where an additional amount is extracted and fed into the open heater operating at 0.3 MP a. The steam expanding through the third-stage turbine enters the condenser at a pressure of 6 kP a and leaves the condenser as saturated liquid at 6 kP a. Liquid water leaves the closed heater at 210 oC, 12 MP a, and condensate exiting as saturated liquid at 2 MP a is trapped into the open heater. Saturated liquid at 0.3 MP a leaves the open heater. Assume all pumps and turbine stages operate isentropically. Determine for the cycle: (a) the heat transfer to the working fluid passing through the steam generator, in MW, (b) the heat transfer from the working fluid passing through the condenser, in MW, (c) the thermal efficiency (%), and (d) sketch a T ?s diagram for the entire cycle with labeled states, isobars, and process directions

Consider the following sum (which is in expanded form): 1−4 + 7−10 + 13−16 + 19−22 +···±(3n−2).

Note that this is slightly different from the previous sum in that every other term is negative.

(a) Write it as a summation (∑).

(b) Evaluate the sum for every integer n from 1 to 9. (Be careful - if you get this wrong, you will likely get the rest of this question wrong!)

(c) Write a closed-form formula for the value of the sum as a function of n. As in problem 1, do not use a "by cases" or piecewise definition (will need to write a single closed-form expression to receive full credit).(Hint 1: floor and ceiling functions may be useful here.)(Hint 2: try splitting up the sequence of partial sums into two subsequences, finding formulas foreach of the subsequences, then combining the formulas.)

(d) Prove that your formula from part (c) is correct using Mathematical Induction. (You may separateout the cases wherenis even/odd if you wish, but if so please do it as late as possible.)

i. State and prove the Base Case.

ii. State the Inductive Hypothesis.

iii. Show the Inductive Step

Tesco Exits South Korea

Tesco was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen (Cohen), who invested his serviceman’s gratuity of £30 in a grocery stall. The first private label product introduced by Cohen was Tesco Tea. The name Tesco was a combination of the initials of the tea supplier TE Stockwell, and the first two letters of Cohen’s name. Tesco opened its first store in 1929 in Edgware, London. In 1947, Tesco Stores (Holdings) Limited was floated on the Stock Exchange with a share price of 25 pence and the first supermarket was opened in 1956 in Maldon, Essex, England. The first superstore was opened in 1968 in Crawley, West Sussex. In the 1960s, Tesco went on an expansion spree and acquired several store chains. The Retail Price Maintenance (RPM) Act in Britain prohibited large retailers from pricing goods below a price agreed upon by the suppliers. To overcome this obstacle to price reduction, Tesco introduced trading stamps. These were given to customers when they purchased products and could be traded for cash or other gifts. RPM was abolished in 1964, and from then on, Tesco was able to offer competitively priced products to its customers in a more direct manner. The first Tesco superstore, with an area of 90,000 square feet, was opened in 1967.

TESCO’S GLOBAL EXPANSION
Tesco’s global expansion began in 1979, when it entered Ireland by acquiring a 51% equity stake in ‘3 Guys stores’. In 1986, Tesco divested itself of the stores after it found that it could not sustain its operations in the country as customers were rejecting the British products that it sold. During the late 1980s and the early 1990s, Tesco examined the options available in the US and European countries after the British government introduced new regulations on ‘out-of-town’ stores. In December 1992, Tesco entered France by acquiring an 85% equity holding in Catteau supermarkets, which operated under the Cedico brand with 72 superstores, 7 hypermarkets, and 24 small stores. However, Tesco failed to sustain itself in the market due to competition from French retailers like Carrefour and Promodès. In 1995, a law was passed in France which prohibited the opening of new large retail stores. Moreover, the company failed to adapt its products to suit local tastes and lost market share. In 1996, in spite of investing an additional £ 300 million in France, sales in the country grew by a mere 1%. In the year 1997, Tesco sold its operations in France to Prom odes.

TESCO IN SOUTH KOREA
In the early 1990s, there was a growing demand from consumers in South Korea for a modern shopping experience owing to rapid economic growth and increasing disposable incomes. The government had adopted protectionist policies and the retail sector was not open for foreign direct investment (FDI). Tesco

entered South Korea in 1999 through a joint venture with Homeplus, a unit of the country’s biggest business group Samsung Corporation (Samsung) . In the next few years, Tesco became the most successful international retailer in the country. Its success was attributed to its ability to localize its products and stores to appeal to the South Korean consumers; its operating through local management; and its strong presence through different store formats. South Korea went on to become Tesco’s most successful international business in terms of revenue. As of 2014, it operated d 140 hypermarkets, 609 supermarkets, and 326 convenience stores.

TESCO’S STRATEGIES IN SOUTH KOREA
Immediately after entering into the joint venture, Tesco went about upgrading the store layouts. The stores were modified to resemble department stores, which were spacious and clean. Tesco’s stores in Korea did not resemble its stores in the UK or in other European locations like Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, and Ireland.

CHANGES IN THE OPERATING ENVIRONMENT
In October 2012, when Tesco posted its first fall in profits in 20 years, the company also announced that its profits in South Korea would take a £ 100 million hit due to the "retail market development bill” that had been passed by the government in November 2010. However, changes in the operating environment in South Korea due to new laws that were enforced beginning 2010 to protect small retailers and merchants started to impact Tesco and other large retailers. These laws placed restrictions on the locations where supermarkets could be opened. The Distribution Industry Development Act passed in 2012 imposed restrictions on the time for which the stores could remain open and also specified that on two weekends every month the large retail stores should be closed. As most Koreans shopped during the weekends, these restrictions started to impact Tesco, which made losses in 2015. Under the impact of the global recession, the private spending in South Korea fell. Another factor that impacted Tesco in South Korea was its UK business, which was not doing well.

TESCO’S EXIT FROM SOUTH KOREA
On September 07, 2015, Tesco PLC (Tesco), a British multinational grocery and general merchandise retailer, announced that it had sold its South Korean business, operated under the name Homeplus, for £4.2 billion to a consortium of companies led by MBK Partners, a South Korean buyout firm. The consortium included Canada Pension Plan Investment Board, Public Sector Pension Investment Board, and Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited

Question - Case study

Use the case study above to answer the question

What do you think did not work well for Tesco?

Using the Tesco Case discuss the need for companies to consider push and pull factors for international expansion.

Horizon Co is a manufacturing company that wishes to evaluate an investment in new production machinery. The machinery would enable the company to satisfy increasing demand for existing products and the investment is not expected to lead to any change in the existing level of business risk of Horizon Co. The machinery will cost Rs.2·5 million, payable at the start of the first year of operation, and is not expected to have any scrap value. Annual before-tax net cash flows of Rs. 680,000 per year would be generated by the investment in each of the five years of its expected operating life. These net cash inflows are before taking account of expected inflation of 3% per year. Initial investment of Rs. 240,000 in working capital would also be required, followed by incremental annual investment to maintain the purchasing power of working capital.

Horizon Co has in issue five million shares with a market value of Rs. 3·81 per share. The equity beta of the company is 1·2. The yield on short-term government debt (Risk free rate) is 4·5% per year and the equity risk premium is approximately 5% per year. The debt finance of Horizon Co consists of bonds with a total book value of Rs. 2 million. These bonds pay annual interest before tax of 7%. The par value and market value of each bond is Rs. 100. 2 Horizon Co pays taxation one year in arrears at an annual rate of 25%. Capital allowances (taxallowable depreciation) on machinery are on a straight-line basis over the life of the asset.

Required:

a. Calculate the after-tax weighted average cost of capital of Horizon Co. b. Prepare a forecast of the annual after-tax cash flows of the investment in nominal terms, and calculate and comment on its net present value.

No Growth Incorporated had operating income before interest and taxes in 2011 of $225 million.The firm was expected to generate this level of operating income indefinitely. The firm had depreciation expense of $9.5 million that same year.Capital spending totaled $20 million during 2011. At the end of 2010 and 2011, working capital totaled $70 and $80 million, respectively.The firm’s combined marginal state, local, and federal tax rate was 30% and its debt outstanding had a market value of $1 billion.The 10-year Treasury bond rate is 6% and the borrowing rate for companies exhibiting levels of creditworthiness similar to No Growth is 7%.The historical risk premium for stocks over the risk free rate of return is 6%.No Growth’s beta was estimated to be 1.25.The firm had 2,000,000 common shares outstanding at the end of 2011. No Growth’s target debt to total capital ratio is 30%. (14 points)

Estimate free cash flow to the firm in 2011. Make sure to show your work.

Estimate the firm’s cost of capital. Make sure to show your work.

Estimate the value of the firm (i.e., includes the value of equity and debt) at the end of 2011, assuming that it will generate the value of free cash flow estimated in (a) indefinitely. Make sure to show your work.

Estimate the value of the equity of the firm at the end of 2011. Make sure to show your work.

Estimate the value per share at the end of 2011. Make sure to show your work.

The following data relate to the Machinery account of Eshkol, Inc. at December 31, 2014.

*In the year an asset is purchased, Eshkol, Inc. does not record any depreciation expense on the asset.

In the year an asset is retired or traded in, Eshkol, Inc. takes a full year’s depreciation on the asset.

The following transactions occurred during 2015.

Question 10 (1 point)

You are looking for a way to incentivize the sales reps that you are in charge of. You design an incentive plan as a way to help increase in their sales. To evaluate this innovative plan, you take a random sample of your reps, and their weekly incomes before and after the plan were recorded. You calculate the difference in income as (after incentive plan - before incentive plan). You perform a paired samples t-test with the following hypotheses: Null Hypothesis: μ_D ≤ 0, Alternative Hypothesis: μ_D > 0. You calculate a p-value of 0.3076. What is the appropriate conclusion of your test?

Question 10 options:

Question 11 (1 point)

You are looking for a way to incentivize the sales reps that you are in charge of. You design an incentive plan as a way to help increase in their sales. To evaluate this innovative plan, you take a random sample of your reps, and their weekly incomes before and after the plan were recorded. You calculate the difference in income as (after incentive plan - before incentive plan). You perform a paired samples t-test with the following hypotheses: Null Hypothesis: μ_D ≤ 0, Alternative Hypothesis: μ_D > 0. You calculate a p-value of 0.0474. What is the appropriate conclusion of your test?

Question 11 options:

Question 12 (1 point)

Consumers Energy states that the average electric bill across the state is $62.74. You want to test the claim that the average bill amount is actually less than $62.74. The hypotheses for this situation are as follows: Null Hypothesis: μ ≥ 62.74, Alternative Hypothesis: μ < 62.74. If the true statewide average bill is $51.97 and the null hypothesis is not rejected, did a type I, type II, or no error occur?

Question 12 options:

Question 13 (1 point)

Consumers Energy states that the average electric bill across the state is $57.42. You want to test the claim that the average bill amount is actually greater than $57.42. The hypotheses for this situation are as follows: Null Hypothesis: μ ≤ 57.42, Alternative Hypothesis: μ > 57.42. If the true statewide average bill is $24.71 and the null hypothesis is rejected, did a type I, type II, or no error occur?

Question 13 options:

Prepare any correcting entries to adjust inventory to its proper amount at December 31, 2014. Assume the books have not been closed.