In each problem show all steps of the hypothesis test. If some of the assumptions are not met, note that the results of the test may not be correct and then continue the process of the hypothesis test.

1. The Kyoto Protocol was signed in 1997, and required countries to start reducing their carbon emissions. The protocol became enforceable in February 2005. In 2004, the mean CO2 emission was 4.87 metric tons per capita. Table 7.3.3 contains a random sample of CO2 emissions in 2010 ("CO2 emissions," 2013). Is there enough evidence to show that the mean CO2 emission is lower in 2010 than in 2004? Test at the 1% level. Table #7.3.3: CO2 Emissions (in metric tons per capita) in 2010 (1.36 1.42 5.93 5.36 0.06 9.11 7.32 7.93 6.72 0.78 1.80 0.20 2.27 0.28 5.86 3.46 1.46 0.14 2.62 0.79 7.48 0.86 7.84 2.87 2.45)

2. Table #7.3.7 contains pulse rates after running for 1 minute, collected from females who drink alcohol ("Pulse rates before," 2013). The mean pulse rate after running for 1 minute of females who do not drink is 97 beats per minute. Do the data show that the mean pulse rate of females who do drink alcohol is higher than the mean pulse rate of females who do not drink? Test at the 5% level. Table #7.3.7: Pulse Rates of Woman Who Use Alcohol (176 150 150 115 129 160 120 125 89 132 120 120 68 87 88 72 77 84 92 80 60 67 59 64 88 74 68)

3. Maintaining your balance may get harder as you grow older. A study was conducted to see how steady the elderly is on their feet. They had the subjects stand on a force platform and have them react to a noise. The force platform then measured how much they swayed forward and backward, and the data is in table #7.3.10 ("Maintaining balance while," 2013). Do the data show that the elderly sway more than the mean forward sway of younger people, which is 18.125 mm? Test at the 5% level. Table #7.3.10: Forward/backward Sway (in mm) of Elderly Subjects (19 30 20 19 29 25 21 24 50)

Question 1

An economy produces and consumes four goods namely milo, rice, bread and sobolo. The prices and quantities of these goods over a three-year period are shown in the table below.

Table I: Prices and quantities of milo, rice, bread and sobolo goods over a 3-year period

1. Calculate nominal GDP in 2017, 2018 and 2019.                                                  
2. Using 2017 as your base year, calculate real GDP in 2017, 2018 and 2019.       
3. Calculate the percentage changes in real and nominal GDP:
   1. between 2017 and 2018                                                                                 
   2. between 2018 and 2019                                                                                 
4. Calculate the GDP deflator for 2017, 2018 and 2019.                                           

Question 2

1. Before computing the Consumer Price Index (CPI), the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) surveys consumers to determine the “basket of goods” bought by a typical consumer. Assume that the GSS chooses 2018 as its base year and, consistent with the data shown in the Table I in Q.1 decides that the basket of goods in this economy should consist of 24 tins of milo, 16 bags of rice, 30 loaves of bread and 15 bottles of sobolo.

1. Calculate the inflation rate between 2018 and 2019.                               
2. Determine the purchasing power of the Ghana cedi in 2019 and interpret your answer.

b) In the mid-1920s, the American author F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote a somewhat comical article for the Saturday Evening Post magazine titled, “How to Live on $36,000 a Year”, in which he explained how he and his wife managed to spend their entire annual income of $36,000 without saving anything.

1. In the mid-1920s, the consumer price index was around 18; in 2010, the CPI was around 225. Using these figures, calculate how much Fitzgerald’s income would be worth in 2010’s dollars.                                                                                                                    

In 2010, Forbes magazine published a list of the highest-paid authors, showing that J. K. Rowling, author of the Harry Potter books, earned $10 million. After adjusting for the effects of inflation, who earned more: Fitzgerald or Rowling?          

Question text

Forecasting and Estimating Share Value Using the DCF Model
Following are the income statement and balance sheet for Intel Corporation.

*This should be considered as operating income.

** These investments are operating assets as they relate to associated companies.

(a) Compute Intel's net operating assets (NOA) for year-end 2010.
2010 NOA = ?

(b) Compute net operating profit after tax (NOPAT) for 2010, assuming a federal and state statutory tax rate of 37%.

HINT: Gains/losses on equity method investments are considered operating income. Round your answer to the nearest whole number.
2010 NOPAT = ?

(c) Forecast Intel's sales, NOPAT, and NOA for years 2011 through 2014 using the following assumptions:

Forecast the terminal period value using the assumptions above and assuming a terminal period growth of: 1%.

* Use sales rounded to nearest whole number for this calculation.

(d) Estimate the value of a share of Intel common stock using the discounted cash flow (DCF) model as of December 25, 2010; assume a discount rate (WACC) of 11%, common shares outstanding of 5,511 million, and net nonoperating obligations (NNO) of $(21,178) million (NNO is negative which means that Intel has net nonoperating investments).

• Use your rounded answers for subsequent calculations.

• Do not use negative signs with any of your answers below.

Please study the article below and choose one specific corporation & business at your choice from the most unstable industries in the U.S. right now, in April 2020 due to corona virus impact and discuss in a word document the following topics (please do a brief research using external internet resources, website of the corporation, annual or quarterly company reports or your required book and OSM 311 power points):

-Company products & services

-The impact on sales or revenue or profit for this corporation of the corona virus effect on customers, supply chain, operation & employees, distribution, shelter in place government & state decision.

-What should you decide on inventory management (Anticipation inventory or Seasonal Inventory and safety inventory) as an operation manager for this company

-How can you reduce the inventory cost (slide 14) and Total cost minimization (slide 22-25).

-Losses & how to maximize the gross profit (review the break-even point)?

-Operations Strategies that your recommend for this business & corporation in this difficult situation of the economy (required book, page 581).

Airlines

With people around the world being asked to stay home and travel bans preventing people from entering and leaving certain countries becoming more common, the airline industry has been suffering major losses. Vertical Research Partners said that passenger revenues could decline to zero by the end of the first quarter and stay there for the whole year, Reuters reported.

Many major airlines have taken a hit. For example, Lufthansa has idled 700 of its 763 aircraft, and Qantas made plans to cut all international flights, which means 30,000 of its workers would need to take paid or unpaid leave.

The airline industry has been asking for government aid to get through the crisis, and on March 27, the U.S.’s coronavirus aid package passed, which would provide $58 billion to the American airline industry, Business Insider reported. The bill protects airline employee jobs through Sept. 30.

Many stakeholders see this as a win, including Delta Airlines and the Association of Flight Attendants.

“This is an unprecedented win for frontline aviation workers and a template all workers can build from,” Association of Flight Attendants president Sara Nelson said in a statement obtained by Business Insider. “The payroll grants we won in this bill will save hundreds of thousands of jobs and will keep working people connected to healthcare many will need during this pandemic.”

However, other experts think the bailout won’t be enough to save the industry, which relies on passengers to make revenue.

“We have an airline industry right now that is flying empty planes,” airline consultant Mike Boyd told CNN. “This isn’t going to save the industry unless we get back in [the] business of flying people.” And it’s unknown when that time might come.

“We’re talking about at least six to eight months down the road before flying starts to resume at anything approaching normal,” Boyd said. “And even then, we’re likely to see a significant reduction. One way or another, we’re going to have a smaller airline industry.”

Auto Manufacturing

Ford, General Motors, Fiat Chrysler, Honda, Toyota, Nissan and Hyundai have all shut down manufacturing plants amid concerns about the spread of the coronavirus, ABC News reported. The closing of  Ford, General Motors and Fiat Chrysler’s Detroit facilities will leave 150,000 workers without jobs, though they are likely to receive supplemental pay in addition to unemployment benefits.

However, the slowdown in demand for cars as a result of the coronavirus could have major ripple effects. According to one projection, for every seven-day period that consumers stop buying new vehicles, the U.S. economy would lose roughly 94,400 jobs and $7.3 billion in overall earnings, NBC News reported.

Construction

Although the construction industry is pushing to be seen as “essential” to keep their projects running, there could still be some major impacts to the industry. The shutdown of the production of construction materials in China could lead to material delays and more expensive materials stateside, Construction Dive reported. It could also lead to fewer projects, especially in the realm of hospitality, as clients and lenders pull back on funding and expansion in these times of uncertainty.

“My gut tells me we’re going to see higher prices and projects canceled, although I can’t point to the extent of it,” Joe Natarelli, national construction industry leader at accounting services firm Marcum, told Construction Dive.

Cruises

All the major cruise lines have ceased operations as countries continue to close their ports. Thousands of workers have lost their jobs — both those who work on the cruise ships and those who work at the ports — and the values of the three biggest U.S. cruise lines — Carnival, Royal Caribbean and Norwegian — have all plummeted, The Guardian reported.

“This will be a disastrous time for the industry,” Dr. Christopher Muller, a senior professor at Boston University’s School of Hospitality Administration, told The Guardian. “When you have 3,500 people booked on one of these mega cruises and the boat doesn’t go, it’s an enormous expense. Someone’s paying for that boat that’s sitting idle in the harbor and it’s very hard to recapture those ongoing fixed-cost losses.”

However, he believes the industry will be able to bounce back eventually.

“The logical thing is they will have to have very deep discounts, and those deep discounts will be especially present in the next cycle of cruise seasonality in September,” Muller said. “By August and September, the consuming public will be enticed to go back on cruises because the pricing is going to be outrageously good with enormous discounts.”

Film and TV Production

Major networks and film studios have put a halt on production as a result of the coronavirus outbreak. Netflix has stopped production on all shows in the U.S. and Canada, including “Stranger Things” season four; NBC Universal has suspended production on 35 or more shows; and Warner Bros., Disney +, Apple TV +, CBS, AMC and Viacom have all also paused production on their shows, Forbes reported.

The release dates of several major films have also been pushed, including “Wonder Woman 1984,” “In the Heights,” “Black Widow” and “A Quiet Place Part II,” while others have been released straight to streaming.

Over 100,000 entertainment industry workers have lost their jobs, while studios, networks and producers face major losses, the Los Angeles Times reported.

“There may be irrecoverable losses to the movie and entertainment industry,” Brian Kingman, who helps film and television companies find insurance policies, told the Los Angeles Times. “It’s going to take a long time to sort out.”

Gambling

As a result of the coronavirus, 92% of all of the casinos in America are now closed, including those in Las Vegas, the Las Vegas Review-Journal reported. In addition, the legal sports betting industry is also suffering as live sporting events have been canceled or postponed, Business Insider reported.

These closures not only affect the hospitality and gaming employees who are now out of work, but also the U.S. economy as a whole. If casinos remain closed for two months, it would rob the U.S. economy of $43.5 billion in economic activity, the Las Vegas Review-Journal reported.

Gyms

Many gyms and fitness studios have temporarily closed as a result of the coronavirus. But the pandemic hasn’t been bad for all sectors of the fitness industry — it’s actually been good news for Peloton, which has seen an increase in share prices, CNBC reported. But as people invest more in their at-home gyms while traditional gyms and fitness studios are closed, they might be reluctant to go back once they are open, feeling that they need to justify the thousands they just spent on new equipment.

(The second number indicates the chapter from which the question was taken (e.g., 3.1 means it is the third of ten essay questions and the answer to the question can be found in Chapter 1. )Depending upon the requirements of the question, your response to each should be a minimum of five sentences.)

Chapter 11-15 Essay Questions

1.11 Describe the typical steps followed in a grievance case.

2.11 Grievance arbitration procedures are often very costly and time-consuming. What are some of the alternatives to this process in the union sector?

3.12 Give a brief overview of how participation programs evolved in the union sector from the 1970s on.

4.12 How do labor leaders and unions generally view employee ownership?

5.13 What factors contributed to the growth of public sector unions and public sector collective bargaining in the 1960s?

6.13 Describe the reforms that have taken place in public education in the late 1990s. Discuss the reasons for these reforms.

7.14 Briefly describe how codetermination works in Germany.

8.14 What are some of the factors that make it difficult for unions to coordinate their efforts across national borders?

9.15 What are some of the key components of the current U.S. labor policy?

10.15 Describe the key features of the new labor policy advocated by the authors.

QUESTION 1

You and your workmates have come together to form an investment group called Pamodzi Investments; requiring each member to make monthly deposits into a pool account. You are planning to use these funds to create a portfolio of investments in preparation for you retirements.

Todate, the balance in the pool account amounts to K150,000-00 and you are about to make your first investment. However, there is a challenge due to different preferences of which securities to invest in. As a way towards consensus, a colleague proposes to consider the Collective Investment schemes that are available on the market. He has heard that this is a better way of accessing diversification benefits for small investors.

As an Investment Analyst in the group, you have been approached by your colleagues to advise on the options to consider and how to set up some investment guidelines for the operations of the group.

Required:

1. Explain the relevance of having an investment policy while highlighting its key component parts.

[15 Marks]

2. Explain the justification of the Modern Portfolio Theory approach to creating investment portfolios.

[15 Marks]

3. Explain diversification and how it could be achieved in this situation with reference to Zambian financial markets.

[10 Marks]

D)Explain the main investment asset classes available in Zambia while providing examples of the common securities available under each type.

(1) Describe the top-down budget method. What are its advantages and disadvantages?
(2) Describe the bottom-up budget method. What are its advantages and disadvantages?
(3) Which budget method (top-down or bottom-up method) is more likely to result in budgetary slack? Why?​

(1) Describe the top-down budget method. What are its advantages and disadvantages?
(2) Describe the bottom-up budget method. What are its advantages and disadvantages?
(3) Which budget method (top-down or bottom-up method) is more likely to result in budgetary slack? Why?

can you answer this question correct:

Explain fully, with examples, what dollar cost averaging is. What will happen (1) if the price of an investment trends down overtime; (2) trends up; (3) trends down then up; and (4) in real life? Use excel to model and graph the resu