Have you ever wondered what happens to your recycled plastics when they are picked up at the curb by the trash truck? It gives everybody a good feeling to recycle, but what if recycling means more trash fees?

Michael Dumper, CEO of Belmont Waste Hauling, recently told citizens of Belmont at a recent Town Council meeting that because of the closure of the closest recycling center, he will now need to haul recycled plastics almost 200 miles to be recycled. Recyclables make up almost 40% of the trash load from Belmont and as a result Belmont Waste Hauling will lose money on hauling recyclables.

The city of Belmont requires all municipal buildings and all newly constructed public buildings to provide recycling containers for use. Belmont Waste Hauling will continue to haul the city’s waste and recycling this year, but the company’s contract with the city expires next June. At that point the city will need to renegotiate a new contract, maybe with a new company.

Many of the larger trash hauling giants are not willing to deal with the many issues involved with recycling plastics and simply bury it in landfills. It takes a lot of money up front to recycle, and they are not willing to lose any amount of profit on any load of trash.

Michael Dumper maintains that he wants to keep the Belmont trash contract. He hopes that with a small increase in fees he can continue to serve the city of Belmont. Competition forces companies to stop recycling programs unless consumers are willing to pay for them, he says. And yes, finding recycling centers that are still sorting and recycling is a challenge, but Michael is not yet conceding defeat and will continue to face the challenge of finding the plants that are still operating.

1. Discuss the reasons some trash haulers dump recyclable plastics into landfills.
2. Explain why aluminum cans are recycled more often than most other recyclables.
3. Give three reasons why it is important to recycle as much as possible.
4. Identify three materials that can be recycled, other than plastic or aluminum, and explain how they are recycled.

Case Study: Muscular Fitness Assessment and Exercise Prescription

Harold is a 40-year-old biology professor who teaches at the university and does research on cellular aging of skeletal muscle in dogs. Harold weighs 180 lb (81.6 kg). He recently purchased a new townhome that requires very little household or yard maintenance. His primary recreation consists of playing chess, reading, and playing classical guitar. For physical exercise he regularly puts the garbage out on Monday, presses remote control buttons for the TV and CD player, and rides his bicycle to work (2 miles [3.2 km] round-trip) 5 days per week. His research on aging prompted concern about his own muscular fitness. He contacted you to assess his strength and to design a resistance training program to increase his strength in an attempt to retard the degeneration of his muscular system. The results of his strength assessment were as follows:

Question

Harold's goal is to improve strength. If you were to design a resistance training program for him that uses free weights and exercise machines (Table 7.3 and Table 7.6), what would week 1 of the program entail. Be sure to complete this in the table below (it is not necessary to use the entire table below to complete week 1 of his program). How will you know when it is time to increase Harold’s resistance?

Weekly Workout Plan

Week:

Phase:

Goals:

Resistance Exercise Prescription:

C++ Problem

Use the following global structure declaration as an example only. You will need to create your own data structure based on a database of your own design. For example, movies in a video collection, houses for sale, business appointments, etc. Your data structure should include a minimum of four fields. At least one field should be string, and one field should be numeric (int, or double).  

Example Only

struct VEHICLE

{

string make;

string model;

int year;

int miles;

double price;

};

In main() create an array that has room that has room for 50 database records(i.e. an array of structures). Your program should support the following general menu choices –

1. Add Items (i.e. Add Vehicle)

2. List All Items (i.e. Show All Vehicles)

      Q. Quit

Your program should implement a separate function to add items, and display items. For example,

void addVehicle(VEHICLE arr[], VEHICLE addItem, int pos);

adds vehicle item that is a structure to the pos position in the dealer array.

void displayAll(VEHICLE arr[], int n);

displays all vehicle info for the number of vehicles stipulated (i.e. 0 to n-1)

Notes: You are welcome to create one or more additional functions to support your program. For example, showMenu, or getMenuChoice might be useful. Also, you might create a function to collect information, for example, a getVehicleInfo function could populate a structure that was passed ByRef. Please note, in the example above, addVehicle is passed a structure variable in addition to the array. In this approach, addVehicle should take the passed structure variable and add it to the dealer array at the position stipulated. You will need to use an index variable that your program can use to keep track of the next available position in the dealer array. This index variable should be local to main(). So NO global variables please. You will need to update or increment this index variable everytime you call addVehicle. You can use this variable when calling addVehicle, and displayAll.

Greenwork Accessories assembles a computer networking device from kits of imported components. You have been asked to develop a quarterly and annual operating budget and pro- forma income statements for 2016. You have obtained the following information: 20 points

Beginning-of-year balances

Desired end-of-quarter balances

Fixed cost per quarter

Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                                                                                $40,000.00

Depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                                                                                 10,000.00

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                                                                                $50,000.00

Selling and administrative costs

Variable cost per unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .

Fixed costs per quarter:

$6.00

Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                                                                    $20,000.00

Depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5,000.00

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                                                                    $25,000.00

Sales Forecast

Quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     First      Second       Third        Fourth

Unit sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      2,400      1,500             2,000         3,100

Additional information

All cash payments except purchases are made quarterly as incurred.

All borrowings occur at the start of the quarter.

All repayments on borrowings occur at the end of the quarter.

All interest on borrowed funds is paid at the end of each quarter.

Borrowings and repayments may be made in any amount.

Required – 20 points

A sales budget for each quarter and the year.

A production budget for each quarter and the year.

c.   A purchases budget for each quarter and the year.

d.   A manufacturing cost budget for each quarter and the year.

e.   A selling and administrative expense budget for each quarter and the year.

f.    A cash budget for each quarter and the year.

g.   A pro-forma contribution income statement for each quarter and the year.

Works Accessories assembles a computer networking device from kits of imported components. You have been asked to develop a quarterly and annual operating budget and pro- forma income statements for 2016. You have obtained the following information:

Beginning-of-year balances

Desired end-of-quarter balances

Fixed cost per quarter

Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .             $40,000.00

Depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .              10,000.00

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .            $50,000.00

Selling and administrative costs

Variable cost per unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .

Fixed costs per quarter:

$6.00

Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20,000.00

Depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5,000.00

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25,000.00

Sales Forecast

Quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     First      Second       Third        Fourth

Unit sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .         2,400      1,500             2,000         3,100

Additional information

All cash payments except purchases are made quarterly as incurred.

All borrowings occur at the start of the quarter.

All repayments on borrowings occur at the end of the quarter.

All interest on borrowed funds is paid at the end of each quarter.

Borrowings and repayments may be made in any amount.

(a) A sales budget for each quarter and the year.

(b) A production budget for each quarter and the year.

c.   A purchases budget for each quarter and the year.

d.   A manufacturing cost budget for each quarter and the year.

e.   A selling and administrative expense budget for each quarter and the year.

f.    A cash budget for each quarter and the year.

g.   A pro-forma contribution income statement for each quarter and the year.

(Using R Scholar) For each of the distributions, begin by creating 1000 random samples, each of size ?. Then, for each of the 1000 samples, you will calculate the sample average, ?̅. After calculating 1000 different ?̅’s, you will be able to make a histogram and normal probability plot of the ?̅ values and thus visualize the distribution of ?̅. The goal is to see what value of ? is large enough for the distribution of ?̅ to become approximately normal. Notice that this value of ? depends on the population distribution. To determine the value of ? required, your simulations will start from a small ? and progress to larger ?'s. You will assess the normality based on the plots for each ? and continue until either you have finished the values of ? listed or increased the values until observing sufficient normality in the plots.

For each of the distributions below, you will complete the following: (0.2 points) Code: You only need to provide one code listing for each distribution (i.e. you don’t need to repeat the code for each choice of ?).

2. (0.5 points) Histogram/normal probability plots For each of the values of ?, submit a histogram (with the two colored curves) and a normal probability plot. For each of the graph pairs, indicate whether they appear sufficiently normal or not. No explanation is required. Make sure you increase ? until the distribution of ?̅ appears sufficiently normal.

3. (0.3 points) Summary table This table contains the experimental mean and standard deviation calculated from the data (output is required for each value of ?) and the theoretical mean and standard deviation calculated from Equations 1 (with work for one of the values for each distribution where ? ≠ 1). The format for this table for Part B is below. Make sure you increase ? until the distribution of ?̅ appears sufficiently normal.

A. (1 points) Standard Normal Distribution. ? = 1, 3, 7 and 15.

B. (1 points) Uniform distribution over the interval (0, 8). ? = 1, 3, 7 and 15.

C. (1 points) Gamma distribution with parameters ? = ?. ?? and ? = ?. ? = 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, and continue in intervals of 20 if needed until the shape becomes normal. This distribution has population mean and standard deviation of ? = 1.805, ? = 0.95.

D. (1 points) Poisson distribution with parameter ? = ?. ?. ? = 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, and continue in intervals of 20 if needed until the shape becomes normal.

ASP Pharmaceuticals has decided to go ahead and start clinical trials on a new
drug. The total R&D costs are estimated to reach $750,000,000 with clinical trials
mounting to $120,000,000. The current market size is estimated to be 2,000,000 and is
expected to grow at 3% every year. The market share ASP hopes to capture in the first year
is 8%, and is projected to grow by 20% each year for the next 4 years. A monthly
prescription is anticipated to generate revenue of $350 while incurring variable costs of
$150. A discount rate of 9% is assumed.

a. What is the net present value over the first four years?

b. By which year ASP can expect to realize a positive cumulative profit? What is the
cumulative profit of this year?

c. Conduct appropriate what-if analyses to investigate how the cumulative profit for
the next four years and the net present value change if unit price varies between
$250 and $450 with increment of $20 (the table below is to show the format of the
solution, you may submit your answers in the EXCEL file).
Unit Price Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 NPV
250
270
290
310
330
350
370
390
410
430
450

d. Conduct appropriate what-if analyses to investigate the joint effect of unit cost and
market share growth rate on net present value. (For consistency, let unit cost vary
between $100 and $200 with increment of $10, and let market share growth rate
vary between 10% and 30%, with increment of 2%. The table below is to show the format of the solution, you may submit your answers in the EXCEL file).

format of the solution, you may submit your answers in the EXCEL file).

Market Share Growth Rate

Unit Cost 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.3
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200

e. Use a tornado chart to identify the most important 3 variables that affect the NPV
(you may submit the tornado chart in the EXCEL file).

Hammering and shaping a hot steel block on an anvil is an example of: a) Open-die forging. b) Closed-die forging. c) Flashless forging. d) Impression die forging.

Resistance spot welding can be used to join sheets of _______ and_______. a) Rubber, steel. b) PVC plastics, copper. c) Stainless steel, leather. d) None of the above.

An advantage of forward extrusion over backward extrusion is: a) Lower pressure. b) Lower force. c) All of the above. d) None of the above.

In a rolling process, if both roller diameters reduce by 25%, then the required power to rotate the rollers would: a) Increase 25%. b) Decrease 25%. c) Increase 50%. d) Decrease 50%.

Which of the following bulk deformation processes are involved in the production of nails for lumber construction? a) Wire drawing, flashless forging, and impression die forging. b) Wire drawing, flashless forging, and rolling. c) Flashless forging, impression die forging, and upsetting. d) Extrusion, flashless forging, and wire drawing

The thickness of each of the two sheets to be resistance spot welded is 3.5 mm. It is desired to form a weld nugget that is 5.5 mm in diameter and 5.0 mm thick after 0.3 sec welding time. The unit melting energy for a certain sheet metal is 9.5 J/mm3 . The electrical resistance between the surfaces is 140 micro ohms, and only one third of the electrical energy generated will be used to form the weld nugget (the rest being dissipated), determine the minimum current level required.

A GTAW operation is performed on low carbon steel, whose unit melting energy is 10.3 J/mm3 . The welding voltage is 22 volts and the current is 135 amps. The heat transfer factor is 0.7 (convection heat loss of 30%) and the melting factor is 0.65 (conduction heat loss of 35%). If filler metal wire of 3.5 mm diameter is added to the operation, the final weld bead is composed of 60% volume of filler and 40% volume base metal. If the travel speed in the operation is 5 mm/sec, determine:

(a) The cross sectional area of the weld bead

(b) The feed rate (mm/sec) at which the filler wire must be supplied.

1.   The following data were obtained from 3 separate enzyme kinetic experiments using 3 different substrates S1, S2 and S3 forming products P1, P2 and P3 respectively. The amount of enzyme in each reaction is 1 µM. Find out the rate and graph the data using a Michaelis-Menton and Lineweaver-Burk plots and determine the values for Km, Vmax, Kcat, and Kcat/Km. Which among the 3 substrate is best substrate for this enzyme and why? (4 points)

[S] (mM)   [P1] (mM) in 60 min   [P2] (mM) in 240 min   [P3] (mM) in 30 min
2.5   0.170   0.126   0.194
2   0.201   0.135   0.213
1.5   0.167   0.129   0.206
1   0.162   0.131   0.203
0.6   0.159   0.135   0.174
0.3   0.148   0.131   0.163
0.15   0.122   0.111   0.122
0.2   0.095   0.117   0.114
0.1   0.075   0.072   0.104
0.05   0.049   0.040   0.071

2.   Use the Michaelis-Menton Equation to calculate the missing values of [S] given below if Vmax = 5 mmol/min. Plot [S] versus V (NOT the reciprocals!). Draw line parallel to the x-axis at Vmax and extend your plotted line to show its approach to Vmax. (2 points)

[S] (mM)   V0 (mmol/min)
10   1.2
[S]1       1.7
[S]2       2.1
[S]3       2.2
[S]4       2.5

3.   Plot the below data and determine the type of inhibition of an enzymatic reaction by inspecting the graph (give an explanation) (2 points)

[S] (mM)   V0 (mM/min)   V0 with Inhibitor present (mM/min)
1   1.3   0.8
2   2.0   1.2
4   2.8   1.7
8   3.6   2.2
12   4.0   2.4

4.   Plot the below data with and without inhibitor (I) and determine the type of inhibition of an enzymatic reaction by inspecting the graph (2 points)

[S] µM   V0 (µmol /min); [I] = 0 nM    V0 (µmol /min); [I] = 25 nM    V0 (µmol /min); [I] = 50 nM
0.4   0.22   0.21   0.20
0.67   0.29   0.26   0.24
1.00   0.32   0.30   0.28
2.00   0.40   0.36   0.32

Flexible Budgeting and Variance Analysis

I Love My Chocolate Company makes dark chocolate and light chocolate. Both products require cocoa and sugar. The following planning information has been made available:

I Love My Chocolate does not expect there to be any beginning or ending inventories of cocoa or sugar. At the end of the budget year, I Love My Chocolate Company had the following actual results:

Required:

Prepare the following variance analyses for both chocolates and total, based on the actual results and production levels at the end of the budget year:

1. Direct materials price variance, direct materials quantity variance, and total variance.
2. Direct labor rate variance, direct labor time variance, and total variance.

Enter a favorable variance as a negative number using a minus sign and an unfavorable variance as a positive number. If there is no variance, enter a zero.

2. The variance analyses should be based on the   amounts at   volumes. The budget must flex with the volume changes. If the   volume is different from the planned volume, as it was in this case, then the budget used for performance evaluation should reflect the change in direct materials and direct labor that will be required for the   production. In this way, spending from volume changes can be separated from efficiency and price variances.