The Pan American Bottling Co. is considering the purchase of a new machine that would increase the speed of bottling and save money. The net cost of this machine is $60,000. The annual cash flows have the following projections. Use Appendix B and Appendix D for an approximate answer but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods.

a. If the cost of capital is 10 percent, what is the net present value of selecting a new machine? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)

b. What is the internal rate of return? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)
  

c. Should the project be accepted?
  

The Price of Baked Beans
As residents in the UK hunkered down at home to protect themselves from the spread of novel
Coronavirus they filled the pantries with toilet paper, sanitizing products and convenience foods.
Baked beans, one of the UK’s most enduringly popular convenience foods, are expected to
become scarce and expensive during the next months. The reason is unprecedented heavy rainfall
which has devastated crops in the main growing areas, the American state of Michigan and the
Canadian province of Ontario. A few weeks ago growers were expecting a record harvest but the
position is described now as catastrophic.
The price of a 100lb –bag of Canadian beans has soared from $27 to around $70, which
has added $0.60 to the retail price of a 15oz can previously costing between $1.50 and $1.20.
Moreover, the crop failure caused and unseemly scramble for supplies among big
canning firms such as Heinz and Crosse and Blackwell. Alternative sources being sought
includes South America, East Africa and even Romania.
Worldwide baked beans consumption is around 800,000 tonnes a year. The British eat a
healthy 80 000 tonnes, which represents 4 500 000 cans a day, with an annual retail value of
more than $200 million. The annual import bill is between $20 and $30 million.
Source: adapted from The Times.
Questions
1. Using the above information, explain and illustrate the factors which caused a rise in the
price of baked beans.
2. Analyse the factors which might have influenced the amount by which the retail price
was raised to consumers.
3. Discuss, with reference to the information in the passage, the economic effects of the
increase in the price of beans on growers.
4. Examine other possible economic effects of the increase in the price of beans.

In the first three weeks of the course we will examine American economic and business history up to 1861. Throughout the course we will be looking at the concepts of continuity and change. Your assignment for this paper is as follows ...

Please write a paper that responds to the following:

Select any two of the following regions considering the time period from 1607 to 1789 ...
* New England (MA, RI, CT, NH)
* Atlantic (NY, PA, DE, NJ)
* Chesapeake (MD, VA)
* South (NC, SC, GA)

OR

Select any two of the following regions considering the time period from 1789 to 1861 ...
* New England and the Atlantic States
* South
* Northwestern States

For your selection, write in response to the following criterion ..

1) Compare and contrast the two regions in terms of their natural resources and how colonists developed economic activity. Focus on WHY certain activities developed in one region versus another.

I'd advise that you consider some of the themes we will be discussing throughout the semester. In particular, keep in mind the types of "capital" that are always in play within any economy ...

* Labor Capital
* Physical Capital (natural resources)
* Intellectual Capital
* Financial Capital

Calculate the cash flow over the life

Information gathered from various departments:

1. Six months ago Royal Oceania Cruises paid $30,000 to Wallaby Consultants for market research investigating the demand for a new ship (“Pacific Dream”). The report stipulates that there is strong demand from tourists, individuals aged 30-60, and from individuals who earn an income of $120,000+ per annum.

2. Two months ago, Royal Oceania Cruises invited its wealthiest and frequent cruise customers to an event held at “The Star” casino. The event had a total cost of $5,500 to cover payments for the event space, food and drink and service staff. The purpose of the event was to learn what would be desirable in the new “Pacific Dream” cruise ship. Roger Federer (from the Accounting department) suggests that the $5,500 event costs should be included as an opportunity cost incurred in year 0 of the “Pacific Dream” investment decision.

3. “Sea Princess” and “Ovation of the Seas” are the two other existing cruise ships in the Royal Oceania cruise fleet, both of these cruise ships have been depreciated over a 15-year life. The “Pacific Dream” will be purchased today for $32 million and will be the largest and most luxurious cruise ship operating in the Oceania region. The “Pacific Dream” will measure 348 metres in length, be able to reach a maximum speed of 30 knots and has a maximum passenger capacity of 2,000 customers. Due to the advanced navigational system, novel skydiving opportunities, and mini submarines allowing customers to uniquely observe sea life and creatures, Roger suggests that “Pacific Dream” should be depreciated over a 25-year life.

4. Due to the significant size of the “Pacific Dream”, Sydney Ports requires that the “Pacific Dream” be immediately fitted with a special thruster to manoeuvre within tight spaces. The current market value of a special thruster is $5 million, Roger expects the special thruster to have a useful life of 20 years.

5. The special thruster generates an unpleasant sound when in operation. Royal Oceania will immediately install a noise cancelling device to reduce the effects of the unpleasant sound generated by the special thruster. According to the Royal Oceania Cruises accounting books, an idle noise cancelling device (which has been written off for tax purposes) is currently stored in their North Sydney premises and is compatible with the “Pacific Dream” cruise ship. The Global Maritime Agency website shows that the current market value for the noise cancelling device is $750,000 and forecasts indicate that the noise cancelling device will be worthless 10 years from today. Roger informs you that the noise cancelling device was previously purchased for $2 million.

6. All cruise ships operating in Australian/international waters must purchase a maritime licence. The license must be purchased today and costs $555,000 and lasts for a three-year period. If a cruise ship does not have a license it cannot operate in Australian/international waters. The license can be claimed as an operating expense in the year in which the license was purchased. All operating expenses are tax deductible in the year the expense is incurred and the tax rate is 30% (hint: if an operating expense is incurred in Year 0, then you can record the tax deduction in year 0). The license cost has remained the same since it was introduced in 2005, and the cost is expected to remain the same in the future.

7. To heavily promote the “Pacific Dream”, Royal Oceania Cruises will spend $2.10 million p.a. during the first two years of operation. This campaign will involve sponsorship of the Wallabies during the 2019 World Cup in Japan and subsequently of the Socceroos in the lead up to the 2022 World Cup. Following the end of Year 2, advertising for the “Pacific Dream” will total $750,000 annually.

8. Hugh is slightly concerned by the large marketing costs associated with the “Pacific Dream” investment, so in agreement with Taylor they decide to reduce the total annual advertising expenses associated with the “Sea Princess” and “Ovation of the Seas” from $975,000 p.a. to $810,000 p.a. during the entire life of the “Pacific Dream” project.

9. During a lunchtime briefing the sales team provide you with the following sales information about the “Pacific Dream”, the sales information provided below accounts for seasonal patterns: • Average sales price per customer = $1,000 per cruise journey. • 25 “Pacific Dream” cruises run every year. • Average number of customers = 1,500 per cruise journey.

10. The introduction of the “Pacific Dream” is expected to cannibalise the sales of the “Sea Princess” and “Ovation of the Seas” during the entire “Pacific Dream” investment. In total, the sales team forecast that total sales across the “Sea Princess” and “Ovation of the Seas” will decline by $5 million annually.

11. The “Pacific Dream” is expected to increase Royal Oceania Cruises total annual fuel expenses by $2.33 million to $4 million. Based on forecasts of future fuel prices and depleting fuel resources, annual fuel expenses for the “Pacific Dream” will increase by 2% every following year. The current salary of the 200 crew members required to operate the “Pacific Dream” is expected to total $13,500,000 per annum. However, following the end of year 5 it is forecast that each crew member’s annual salary is expected to increase by $5,000. Further changes in salary are not expected in subsequent years.

12. Due to the introduction of the “Pacific Dream”, Royal Oceania Cruises fixed costs (excluding headquarter costs) will increase by $1.75 million to $3.90 million per year. Royal Oceania Cruises headquarters is based in Tower One in Barangaroo. Annual headquarter costs total $3.66 million and such costs are not expected to increase in the foreseeable future. Taylor wants to allocate an equal share of the annual total headquarter costs for Royal Oceania Cruises across the “Pacific Dream”, “Sea Princess” and “Ovation of the Seas”.

13. Without “Pacific Dream” Royal Oceania Cruises require 90 tonnes of food and drink per year where each kilogram costs $28/kg for all cruise ships. The introduction of the “Pacific Dream” will result in bulk buying discounts for Royal Oceania Cruises. With “Pacific Dream” each kilogram of food and drink costs $25/kg for all cruise ships, this brings the total food and drink for Royal Oceania Cruises to 170 tonnes per year, meaning 80 tonnes of food and drink is required annually for “Pacific Dream”.

14. All of the cruise ships in the Royal Oceania fleet dock at the Overseas Passenger Terminal in Circular Quay. “Pacific Dream” will also dock at Circular Quay and will increase the Royal Oceania Cruises total annual port charges from $2.30 million to $2.87 million. When cruise ships dock in Circular Quay they obstruct views of the Opera House and Harbour Bridge, which results in reduced sales for surrounding restaurants (e.g., Aria, Quay, Bennelong). As a result, Royal Oceania Cruises pays these restaurants $40,000 p.a. to account for the loss in sales, this figure is expected to increase by $20,000 per annum with the introduction of “Pacific Dream”.

15. The “Pacific Dream” cruise ship will mean that the Royal Oceania Cruises call centre will be relocated from North Sydney to a larger facility in Heathcote. The rent expense for the North Sydney centre was $150,000 per annum and the rent expense for the Heathcote centre is $87,000 per annum. The larger call centre is required to fit additional staff members which will increase annual call centre salary expenses by $50,000 to $100,000.

16. During a meeting involving Hugh, Taylor, and the accounting and sales team, it is agreed that the plan is to sell “Pacific Dream” in 10 years’ time. To maximise the selling price of the “Pacific Dream” in ten years’ time, a regular three-year refurbishment is required, the first refurbishment occurs at the end of year 3 and costs $1.66 million, the second refurbishment costs $2.88 million and the third refurbishment costs $1.96 million. The refurbishments take place during breaks between cruise journeys, and as a result there is no impact upon the operating revenues and other expenses associated with the operation of the “Pacific Dream”. The refurbishments keep the cruise ship equipped with the latest restaurants, shops and entertainment. The refurbishment costs can be claimed as a tax deduction.

17. In addition to the major refurbishment costs, the “Pacific Dream” will require annual minor maintenance expenses of $0.96 million. If Royal Oceania Cruises proceed with the “Pacific Dream” project the spare parts inventory must be increased by $1.33 million from existing levels and purchased immediately. The annual maintenance of $0.96 million includes the cost of replenishing the inventory required to operate the “Pacific Dream”. Royal Oceania Cruises will also have to purchase additional insurance for the “Pacific Dream” at $2.56 million per annum (hint: assume that cash flows relating to insurance occur at the end of the year).

18. After a conference call with your contact (Mick Jagger) at the Global Maritime Agency, you learn that if regular three-year major refurbishments are made to the “Pacific Dream” then in 10 years’ time the “Pacific Dream” will have an estimated market value of $22.90 million. Otherwise, the value of the “Pacific Dream” in 10 years’ time will be $15 million. In either case, the special thruster will have an estimated market value of $1.11 million in 10 years’ time.

19. The Australian Tax Office (ATO) has recently released updates to its tax rulings. Under taxation ruling 2000/18 “Passenger ships”, the effective life of cruise ships like the “Pacific Dream” qualify for an effective life of 30 years. According to the ATO, the special thruster has an effective life of 6 years and the noise cancelling device has a depreciation rate of 20% per year.

20. In order to pay for the “Pacific Dream”, Royal Oceania cruises will pay $4 million in cash and the rest using debt which will be obtained from the Commonwealth Bank. Roger emails you an amortisation schedule which shows you that the principal and interest payments on the debt are $3.75 million annually, the schedule also shows that the debt will be fully repaid by the end of the project’s life. In consultation with Wallaby Consultants, advisors at the Commonwealth Bank, Hugh and Taylor, the required return for “Pacific Dream” is 12.5%.

Using python boto3

Check if a folder is in an S3 bucket and if not in the bucket then it creates a folder in the right directory

Where we are located within the economic class hierarchy strongly affects how we are perceived and how we feel about ourselves.

Think about and discuss what economic class you/your family fall into. How has being a part of this economic class affected how people have perceived you or your family and how do you think this economic location has affected you or your family.

Why is a class so important in American society?

How can your social class impact opportunities and advantages for the future?

Take a look at this article for a frame of reference and to better understand the psychology of social class: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2011/aug/10/america-poverty-criminalised

Run the commands used for following tasks and paste the screen shots here:

a) Search/find a specified word in a file and display all the lines containing that word.

b) List all the files and directories in the current directory (including the hidden files).

c) Change to the root directory / and show a complete long listing of it.

d) Append the output of file1 to file2. [1 Mark] e) Count how many lines, words and characters in file1.

f) Create, copy, append and display the content of a file.

Create files with the following names : test1, test2, test3. Create a symbolic link to test2 and name it test4 Create a directory and name it test5.

Write a shell script to perform the following tasks:

• check if a file named test6 exist. If not, it should create it.

• Display a text to indicate whether test4 is symbolic link or not

• Display a text to indicate whether test2 is directory or not

• Display a text to indicate whether test1 is older than test4

• Display a text to indicate whether tes3 is a character device file or not.

Problem Description:

Write a program that prompts the user to enter a directory and displays the number of the files in the directory.

Analysis:

(Describe the problem including input and output in your own words.)

Design:

(Describe the major steps for solving the problem. How do you use recursion to solve this problem.)

Coding: (Copy and Paste Source Code here. Format your code using Courier 10pts)

Name the public class Exercise18_29

Testing: (Describe how you test this program)

Try to make it as simple as you can. Please provide the answers with some examples as fast as you can.

Linux

Using the following directory structure (See Structure question # 3)

-Determine the absolute path for the following files and directories:

- Your_Name_goes_here.dat

-Sales

-Assuming your current directory is RegionA, determine the relative pathname for the following files and directories:

-West1.dat

-RegionB