• In what ways is vaccination different from other types of personal health decisions? Who should be involved in deciding whether children receive a specific vaccine?
• Should the government have the right to compel vaccination?
• Should parents have the right to refuse it? How does this decision effect others? Explain.

David, who has suffered from ALS for 20 years, is now hospitalized in a private religious hospital on a respirator. He spoke with his physician before he became incapacitated and asked that he be allowed to die if the suffering became too much for him. The physician agreed that, while he would not give David any drugs to assist a suicide, he would discontinue David's respirator if asked to do so. David has now indicated through a prearranged code of blinking eye movements that he wants the respirator discontinued. David had signed his living will before he became ill, indicating that he did not want extraordinary means keeping him alive. The nursing staff has alerted the hospital administrator about the impending discontinuation of the respirator. The administrator tells the physician that this is against the hospital's policy. She states that once a patient is placed on a respirator, the family must seek a court order to have him or her removed from this type of life support. In addition, it is against hospital policy to have any staff members present during such a procedure. After consulting with the family, the physician orders an ambulance to transport the patient back to his home, where the physician discontinues the life support.

V. Compare values and alternatives. Determine if there is one principle or value, or a combination of principles and values, that is so compelling that the proper alternative is clear.

VI. Assess the consequences. Identify short-term, long-term, positive, and negative consequences for the major alternatives. The short-term gain or loss is often overridden when long-term consequences are considered. This step often reveals an unanticipated result of major importance.

VII. Make a decision. The consequences are balanced against one’s primary principles or values. Always double-check your decision

David, who has suffered from ALS for 20 years, is now hospitalized in a private religious hospital on a respirator. He spoke with his physician before he became incapacitated and asked that he be allowed to die if the suffering became too much for him. The physician agreed that, while he would not give David any drugs to assist a suicide, he would discontinue David's respirator if asked to do so. David has now indicated through a prearranged code of blinking eye movements that he wants the respirator discontinued. David had signed his living will before he became ill, indicating that he did not want extraordinary means keeping him alive. The nursing staff has alerted the hospital administrator about the impending discontinuation of the respirator. The administrator tells the physician that this is against the hospital's policy. She states that once a patient is placed on a respirator, the family must seek a court order to have him or her removed from this type of life support. In addition, it is against hospital policy to have any staff members present during such a procedure. After consulting with the family, the physician orders an ambulance to transport the patient back to his home, where the physician discontinues the life support.

I. Determine the facts by asking the following questions: What do we need to know? Who is involved in the situation? Where does the ethical situation take place? When does it occur?

II. Define the precise ethical issue. For example, is it a matter of fairness, justice, morality, or individual rights?

III. Identify the major principles, rules, and values. For example, is this a matter of integrity, quality, respect for others, or profit?

IV. Specify the alternatives. List the major alternative courses of action, including those that represent some form of compromise. This may be a choice between simply doing or not doing something.

V. Compare values and alternatives. Determine if there is one principle or value, or a combination of principles and values, that is so compelling that the proper alternative is clear.

VI. Assess the consequences. Identify short-term, long-term, positive, and negative consequences for the major alternatives. The short-term gain or loss is often overridden when long-term consequences are considered. This step often reveals an unanticipated result of major importance.

VII. Make a decision. The consequences are balanced against one’s primary principles or values. Always double-check your decision.

David, who has suffered from ALS for 20 years, is now hospitalized in a private religious hospital on a respirator. He spoke with his physician before he became incapacitated and asked that he be allowed to die if the suffering became too much for him. The physician agreed that, while he would not give David any drugs to assist a suicide, he would discontinue David's respirator if asked to do so. David has now indicated through a prearranged code of blinking eye movements that he wants the respirator discontinued. David had signed his living will before he became ill, indicating that he did not want extraordinary means keeping him alive. The nursing staff has alerted the hospital administrator about the impending discontinuation of the respirator. The administrator tells the physician that this is against the hospital's policy. She states that once a patient is placed on a respirator, the family must seek a court order to have him or her removed from this type of life support. In addition, it is against hospital policy to have any staff members present during such a procedure. After consulting with the family, the physician orders an ambulance to transport the patient back to his home, where the physician discontinues the life support.

USING THE CASE STUDY ABOVE ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS

VI. Assess the consequences. Identify short-term, long-term, positive, and negative consequences for the major alternatives. The short-term gain or loss is often overridden when long-term consequences are considered. This step often reveals an unanticipated result of major importance.

VII. Make a decision. The consequences are balanced against one’s primary principles or values. Always double-check your decision

Fundamental presupposition: All social phenomena emerge from the actions and interactions of individuals who are choosing in response to expected additional benefits and costs to themselves. Give an example of social behavior or a social situation that seems inconsistent with this fundamental presupposition. Explain specifically why you think it could be inconsistent.

Consider Mrs. Y’s current health status and functional decline, then address the following:

1. Download the Concept Map and Plan of Care worksheet below. An example is also provided for your reference.
   • File: Concept Map and Plan of Care worksheet
   • File: Concept Map and Plan of Care example
2. Identify three (3) priority nursing diagnoses for Mrs. Y. Consider using the resource below to assist you.
   • eBook: Nursing Diagnosis Manual: Planning, Individualizing, and Documenting Client Care – Chapter 5 Nursing Diagnoses in Alphabetical Order
3. Create a visual representation of the three (3) priority nursing diagnoses by incorporating them into the Concept Map (template in the worksheet). Be sure each nursing diagnosis includes the following elements:

1. 1. “related to (r/t)” — description of the client’s problem
   2. “as evidenced by” — description of the client’s symptoms
2. Complete the Nursing Plan of Care (table in the worksheet) describing what should be implemented for Mrs. Y.
   1. Goals: Establish at least one (1) goal for each of the nursing diagnoses you identified (for a total of 3 goals). Goals should be: patient specific, measurable, actionable, realistic, and time limited.
   2. Nursing Interventions: Describe at least three (3) nursing interventions for each of the goals (for a total of 9 nursing interventions). Each intervention should be in alignment with the goal it is supporting.

The patient was a 28-year-old female who came to the United States from the Philippines 5 years ago. Two years ago, she was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythemathosus. On admission, she stated that she had a persistent fever of 38-39°C for the past 4 weeks. Approximately 4 weeks ago the entire family became ill. The patient and her husband had symptoms consistent with an upper respiratory infection, and the children had tonsillitis but improved. The patient and her husband were prescribed azithromycin, but only her husband improved. The patient had anorexia with 15 lb of unintentional weight loss in the past few months, as well as nausea and lethargy. Her physical examination was relatively benign with the exception of an abnormal chest CT scan showing small granulomas throughout her lungs. The patient was sent for a bronchoscopy, and lavage fluid was sent to the lab for bacterial, fungal and mycobacterial cultures and stains. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid rendered acid-fast organisms.

1. What organism was most likely causing the infection?

2. Describe the natural history of infection with these organisms. Explain the role of the host immune system (cells, cytokines) in the development of the disease.

3. The organism isolated from this patient showed resistance to Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethionamide, capreomycin. How would you classify this organism? What is the global prevalence of this disease? What is the significance of her being from the Philippines?

4. What is a PPD skin test (also called Mantoux or tuberculin test)? What is its value for the patient? What additional tests are available for detecting latent infection with this organism?

“Trade is only good for big multinational companies who gain from trade by exploiting the workers of low-wage countries.” Sounds like a comment made by opposers of free trade during the Seattle WTO ministerial conference. Comment on this

Explain the tax implications of working from home in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Who is likely to be affected by these changes and how?