The molecular orbitals associated with the π-bonding MOs in square cyclobutadiene (C4H4) are, like benzene, form by overlap of a single p-orbital on each carbon atom that is not involved in the sigma-bonding network of the molecule. These p-orbitals point perpendicularly with respect to the plane defined by the carbon atoms. There is no central atom, so the only interactions that matter are between the p-orbitals among themselves.

i) draw the four π-orbitals of C4H4

ii) Use the idea that the energy of a MO increases with number of new nodes made during bonding (i.e. nodes not already present in initial AO functions) to sketch a molecular orbital energy level diagram for the π-molecular orbitals of C4H4. Remember that, by definition, degenerate orbitals are identical except for trivial rotation in space, and have identical energy.

iii) Fill the MOs with the electrons from the atomic p-orbitals that you used to form the π-MOs of C4H4. Use your diagram to determine the overall bond order by considering each doubly occupied bonding MO to contribute 1, each nonbonding orbital 0 and each antibonding orbital -1. The result would be divided by 4 C-C bonds to get the average contribution to each C-C bond from π-bonding, which then should be added to a σ-bonding contribution of 1.0

iv) Repeat step (iii) for the dication C4H4 2+ to determine the net bond order for this species. Why do you think you got this value?

v) Predict which of C4H4 and C4H4 2+ could be observed by ESR spectroscopy

vi) Which of C4H4 2+ and C4H4 is more likely to be susceptible to electrophilic attack.

Just need a basic, but ACCURATE, run through. Will thumbs up. Please and Thank you.

3. A psychologist believed that as children get older, they engage in more “inactive activities” such as playing computer games, watching TV and surfing the internet. She collected data from 10 children. She recorded the age of each child and the amount of activity (in hours) the child engaged in per week. The table below gives the data for this hypothetical study (it is also available in activity.txt). Age (years) Amount of Activity (hours) 7 4.3 9 3.2 10 1.0 13 1.5 12 1.2 15 0.8 9 3.0 12 4.0 15 1.5 14 1.9

a. Using R, obtain a scatterplot of the data. Discuss the relationship between age and activity based on the scatterplot.

b. Using R, obtain the simple linear regression linear regression line predicting activity from age.

c. Interpret the intercept and slope of the regression line

d. By hand, predict the amount of activity for age = 14

e. By hand, calculate the residual for age = 14

f. Using R output, test the null hypothesis that the slope coefficient is zero using the p-value approach. Write one sentence interpreting the meaning of this result. Make sure to report the test statistic and p-value.

g. Using R, obtain and report the 95% CI for the slope coefficient. Explain how we can use it to make a decision about the null hypothesis from part (f).

h. Using R output, test the null hypothesis that the population coefficient of determination is zero using the p-value approach, and write one sentence interpreting your result. Make sure to report the test statistic and p-value.

i. How do the test statistics in (f) and (h) mathematically relate to each other?

Smoky Mountain Corporation makes two types of hiking boots—the Xtreme and the Pathfinder. Data concerning these two product lines appear below: Xtreme Pathfinder Selling price per unit $ 124.00 $ 88.00 Direct materials per unit $ 63.40 $ 53.00 Direct labor per unit $ 14.40 $ 8.00 Direct labor-hours per unit 1.8 DLHs 1.0 DLHs Estimated annual production and sales 23,000 units 70,000 units The company has a traditional costing system in which manufacturing overhead is applied to units based on direct labor-hours. Data concerning manufacturing overhead and direct labor-hours for the upcoming year appear below: Estimated total manufacturing overhead $ 2,005,200 Estimated total direct labor-hours 111,400 DLHs Required: 1. Compute the product margins for the Xtreme and the Pathfinder products under the company’s traditional costing system. 2. The company is considering replacing its traditional costing system with an activity-based costing system that would assign its manufacturing overhead to the following four activity cost pools (the Other cost pool includes organization-sustaining costs and idle capacity costs): Estimated Overhead Cost Expected Activity Activities and Activity Measures Xtreme Pathfinder Total Supporting direct labor (direct labor-hours) $ 712,960 41,400 70,000 111,400 Batch setups (setups) 504,000 230 190 420 Product sustaining (number of products) 740,000 1 1 2 Other 48,240 NA NA NA Total manufacturing overhead cost $ 2,005,200 Compute the product margins for the Xtreme and the Pathfinder products under the activity-based costing system. 3. Prepare a quantitative comparison of the traditional and activity-based cost assignments.

A horticulturist is studying the relationship between tomato plant height and fertilizer amount. Thirty tomato plants grown in similar conditions were subjected to various amounts of fertilizer over a four-month period, and then their heights were measured. The results are shown in the accompanying table. Fertilizer Amount (ounces) Tomato Plant Height (inches) 1.9 20.4 5.0 29.1 4.2 28.2 1.3 24.3 4.9 29.2 5.4 29.8 3.1 34.6 0.0 25.3 2.3 26.2 2.5 25.7 0.9 26.5 1.0 28.6 4.5 25.7 3.8 36.8 5.3 27.2 2.3 33.4 4.0 25.1 1.4 22.1 3.9 40.6 4.0 24.5 3.6 39.7 0.6 21.1 1.6 25.4 2.5 29.6 4.5 27.6 3.6 32.6 2.0 33.5 0.0 22.5 2.5 27.6 3.1 36.4 Picture Click here for the Excel Data File a. Estimate the linear regression model: Height = β0 + β1Fertilizer + ε. (Round your answers to 3 decimal places.) Heightˆ = 25.000 + 1.290 Fertilizer b-1. Estimate the quadratic regression model: Height = β0 + β1Fertilizer + β2Fertilizer2 + ε. (Round your answers to 3 decimal places.) Heightˆ = 21.100 + 5.460 Fertilizer + 0.759 Fertilizer2 b-2. Using the quadratic results, find the fertilizer amount at which the height reaches a minimum or maximum. (Round your intermediate values and final answer to 3 decimal places.) Fertilizer amount = 3.9 ounces c. Use the best-fitting model to predict, after a four-month period, the height of a tomato plant that received 3.0 ounces of fertilizer. (Round your intermediate values and final answer to 2 decimal places.) Heightˆ = 30.649 inches

Smoky Mountain Corporation makes two types of hiking boots—the Xtreme and the Pathfinder. Data concerning these two product lines appear below:

The company has a traditional costing system in which manufacturing overhead is applied to units based on direct labor-hours. Data concerning manufacturing overhead and direct labor-hours for the upcoming year appear below:

Required:

1. Compute the product margins for the Xtreme and the Pathfinder products under the company’s traditional costing system.

2. The company is considering replacing its traditional costing system with an activity-based costing system that would assign its manufacturing overhead to the following four activity cost pools (the Other cost pool includes organization-sustaining costs and idle capacity costs):

Compute the product margins for the Xtreme and the Pathfinder products under the activity-based costing system.

3. Prepare a quantitative comparison of the traditional and activity-based cost assignments.

Assume that you recently graduated and you just landed a job as a financial planner with the Cleveland Clinic. Your first assignment is to invest $100,000. Because the funds are to be invested at the end of one year, you have been instructed to plan for a one-year holding period. Further, your boss has restricted you to the following investment alternatives, shown with their probabilities and associated outcomes.          

Barney Smith Investment Advisors recently issued estimates for the state of the economy and the rate of return on each state of the economy. Alta Industries, Inc. is an electronics firm; Repo Men Inc. collects past due debts; and American Foam manufactures mattresses and various other foam products. Barney Smith also maintains an "index fund" which owns a market-weighted fraction of all publicly traded stocks; you can invest in that fund and thus obtain average stock market results. Given the situation as described, answer the following questions.

Suppose you create a two-stock portfolio by investing $50,000 in Alta Industries and $50,000 in Repo Men. Calculate the expected return, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and beta for this portfolio. How does the risk of this two-stock portfolio compare with the risk of the individual stocks if they were held in isolation? **Please show all calculations and formulas used to derive the answers**

Six data sets are presented, some of them are samples from a normal distribution, and some of them are samples from populations that are not normally distributed. Identify the samples that are not from normally distributed populations.

L1: Drug concentration six hours after administration

L2: Reading scores on standardized test for elementary children

L3: The number of minutes clerical workers took to complete a certain worksheet

L4: The level of impurities in aluminum cans (in percent)

L5: The number of defective items produced during an hour

L6: The weight of trout in ounces

Give the Summary statistics for each list:

Sample mean

Sample standard deviation

n

Min

Q1

Med (Q2)

Q3

Max

Matlab

Explain the codes below

% Jake.m

% Generate a frequency selective fading

function [r, iout, qout] = Jake(idata, qdata, nsamp, fs, fc, NN, N1_arr, velocity, counter_arr, delay_time, attn, flat)

%****************************** variables *******************************

% idata input Ich data

% qdata input Qch data

% nsamp Number of samples to be simulated

% fs Sampling frequency (Hz)

% fc Carrier Frequency (Hz)

% NN Number of paths

% N1 Number of waves in order to generate fading

% velocity Mobile speed in Km/h

% counter Fading counter

% delay_time Delay for each fading path (ns)

% attn Attenuation level for different fading paths (dB)

% flat flat fading or not

% r Envelope of fading channel complex impulse response

% iout output Ich data

% qout output Qch data

%************************************************************************

v = velocity./3.6; % m/s

c = 3e8;

fm = fc*v/c; % Maximum doppler frequency (Hz)

delay_samp = round(delay_time.*fs.*1e-9); % normalized delay time in number of samples

total_attn = sum(10.^(-1.0.*attn./10.0)); % normalize the power

tstp = 1/fs; % minimum time resolution

iout = zeros(1,nsamp);

qout = zeros(1,nsamp);

r = zeros(1,nsamp);

theta = zeros(1,nsamp);

for i=1:NN

atts = 10.^(-0.05.*attn(i)); % attenuation for current path

[itmp, qtmp] = delay(idata, qdata, nsamp, delay_samp(i));

[r_single, iout_single, qout_single] = fade2(itmp, qtmp, nsamp, tstp, fm, N1_arr(i), counter_arr(i), flat);

counter_arr = counter_arr+200; % update counter

iout = iout + atts.*iout_single./sqrt(total_attn);

qout = qout + atts.*qout_single./sqrt(total_attn);

end

r = sqrt(iout.^2+qout.^2);

Use the following information for problems A-G.

A group of 44 women with gestational diabetes were assigned to one of two groups. Group 1 received standard care, and group 2 participated in group counseling visits. Researchers want to determine whether or not the birth weights of the infants of the mothers who participated in the group counseling visits were significantly different than the birth weights of mothers who received standard care at the α = 0.05 level. For your convenience, I have prepared an excel file with the birth weight in grams for both groups below. Use this data to answer questions 10-A.

What is the proper test to use?

B. What is the degrees of freedom for this study?

Question C.

What is the test statistic?

Question D

True or False, this finding is statistically significant.

Question E

Based on this information, the researcher should make the decision to ___________.

Question F

What is the effect size?

Question G

How would you interpret this effect size?

Passage 14 (Questions 78–81)

The following experiments study the reactivities of several active metals (Experiment 1) and halogens (Experiment 2).

Experiment 1

Pea-sized samples of five active metals were placed in deionized water, and observations were recorded in Table 1.

Experiment 2

A saturated aqueous solution of Cl₂ was added to separate aqueous solutions of NaF, NaCl, NaBr, and NaI and mixed well. Observations were recorded. In addition, samples of salt solutions were added to separate electrolysis cells, and the minimum voltage required to produce an observable reaction at the anode was recorded. H₂(g) was produced at the cathode in each cell and, except for the NaF solution, the solutions became basic. Results are recorded in Table 2.

Experiment 1 was repeated with 0.40 g of calcium, and the gas that evolved was collected. The identity of the gas, and its approximate volume at 1.0 atm and 27°C were:
(Note: R = 0.0821 L•atm/mol•K)

H₂, 250 mL.

H₂, 500 mL.

O₂, 250 mL.

O₂, 500 mL.