In 2019, NB Inc.’s federal taxable income was $246,000. Compute the required installment payments of 2020 tax in each of the following cases:

Required:

1. NB’s 2020 taxable income is $556,000.
2. NB’s 2020 taxable income is $837,000.
3. NB’s 2020 taxable income is $1,390,000.
   

Company Law

ILAC

Truck Hire Pty Ltd (Truck) is a company that hires out large machinery. Since January 2020 the company has been in a difficult financial position. The Board of Truck have passed a resolution to sell some of the assets to reduce their debt. Sally and Tom are two shareholders of Truck, they obtained a valuation report that shows the assets have been sold off at a significant undervalue in breach of s 180 of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). Advise Sally and Tom whether the court will grant them leave to bring a statutory derivative action under ss 236/237 of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth).

Almost half of the US states have enacted so-called Right to Work laws. Explain what these laws are, and whether they are fair to unions and union members. Look at the issue from both the union's point of view, and from the point of view of employees who don't want union representation.

Ethics case: The financial officer of Suit Ltd believes that the yearly allowance for impaired receivables for Shirt Ltd should be $185 000. The CEO of Suit Ltd, nervous that the shareholders might expect the business to sustain its 10% growth rate, suggests that the financial controller increase the allowance for impairment to $285 000. The CEO thinks that the lower profit, which reflects a 7% growth rate, will be a more sustainable rate for Suit Ltd.

Required

(a) Who are the stakeholders in this case?
(b) Does the CEO’s request pose an ethical dilemma for the controller?
(c) Should the financial controller be concerned with Suit Ltd’s growth rate in estimating the allowance? Explain your answer.

Laramie Trucking's CEO is considering a change to the company's capital structure, which currently consists of 25% debt and 75% equity. The CFO believes the firm should use more debt, but the CEO is reluctant to increase the debt ratio. The risk-free rate, r_RF, is 5.0%, the market risk premium, RP_M, is 6.0%, and the firm's tax rate is 25%. Currently, the cost of equity, r_s, is 11.5% as determined by the CAPM. What would be the estimated cost of equity if the firm used 60% debt? (Hint: You must first find the current beta and then the unlevered beta to solve the problem.)

Comprehensive Problem 8-85 (LO 8-1, LO 8-2, LO 8-3, LO 8-4, LO 8-5) Skip to question [The following information applies to the questions displayed below.]

John and Sandy Ferguson got married eight years ago and have a seven-year-old daughter, Samantha. In 2020, John worked as a computer technician at a local university earning a salary of $152,000, and Sandy worked part time as a receptionist for a law firm earning a salary of $29,000. John also does some Web design work on the side and reported revenues of $4,000 and associated expenses of $750. The Fergusons received $800 in qualified dividends and a $200 refund of their state income taxes. The Fergusons always itemize their deductions, and their itemized deductions were well over the standard deduction amount last year. The Fergusons had qualifying insurance for purposes of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Use Exhibit 8-9, Tax Rate Schedule, Dividends and Capital Gains Tax Rates, 2020 AMT exemption for reference. The Fergusons reported making the following payments during the year: State income taxes of $4,400. Federal tax withholding of $21,000. Alimony payments to John's former wife of $10,000 (divorced on 12/31/2014). Child support payments for John's child with his former wife of $4,100. $12,200 of real property taxes. Sandy was reimbursed $600 for employee business expenses she incurred. She was required to provide documentation for her expenses to her employer. $3,600 to Kid Care day care center for Samantha's care while John and Sandy worked. $14,000 interest on their home mortgage ($400,000 acquisition debt). $3,000 interest on a $40,000 home-equity loan. They used the loan to pay for a family vacation and new car. $15,000 cash charitable contributions to qualified charities. Donation of used furniture to Goodwill. The furniture had a fair market value of $400 and cost $2,000.

Comprehensive Problem 8-85 Part a a. What is the Fergusons' 2020 federal income taxes payable or refund, including any self-employment tax and AMT, if applicable? (Round your intermediate computations to the nearest whole dollar amount.)

The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is a top corporate manager whose primary job is to lead the day-to-day running of the corporation and whose primary goal is to maximize shareholder value. To incentivize CEOs, many large corporations have been compensating CEOs with various forms of pay-for-performance in addition to a fixed annual salary. According to some estimates, over the last two decades CEO compensation in the United States has on average increased by 600%, with a disproportionate increase in equity-based compensation (e.g. stock options). These increases in executive compensation, particularly stock options, have generated enormous controversy. The recent high-profile corporate scandals and financial market tsunami have led some observers to argue that the excessive focus on shareholder value maximization in general, and inadequately designed executive compensation in particular, have led to managerial gross misbehavior as well as short-termism. Some argue that rapid increases in executive compensation represent unmerited transfers of shareholder wealth to top executives with limited if any incentive effects, and at times have led to outright frauds. The problem is exacerbated when the CEO is also the chairman of the board of directors. The adverse effects of excessive CEO compensation are particularly severe in countries where institutional checks such as shareholder protection and shareholder activism are weak.

Required：

1. Discuss what the relative strengths and weakness of the corporate governance system are.

2. What respective roles can lawmakers, board of directors, top managers, shareholders, financial intermediaries and the financial media play to ensure a well-functioning financial market? Explain and elaborate each one.

3. Identify any potential conflicts of interest and suggest possible solutions.

Create a journal entry for the following question:

X is renting out one room to Y for $300 each month. On September 29th, 2019 Y paid for the rent from October through December 2019. At the end of the year, Y pays for another 2months from January 1, 2020 to February 2021.

You are currently planning an investment strategy designed to partially finance your eight-year-old child's education. You have $10,000 to invest and your child will begin university studies ten years from now. Your financial advisor recommends that you buy some Telstra shares. Telstra shares have a beta of 0.9 and the returns on Telstra shares have a standard deviation of 40% p.a. The riskless rate of interest is 5% p.a. and the market risk premium is 7% p.a. The standard deviation of the return on the market is 20% p.a.

If you follow the advice of your financial advisor, how much do you expect to have available when

your child begins university?

You become aware that your bank is marketing an Australian Equities Index Fund. The goal of this fund is to exactly match the performance of the All Ordinaries Index (a broad stock market index). If you invest in this fund, rather than the Telstra shares, how much do you expect to have available when your child enters university?

Finally, a colleague suggests that you shouldn't limit yourself to choosing between investing everything in Telstra or everything in the index fund. He suggests that you can do even better by diversifying. In particular, he suggests an equally-weighted portfolio consisting of $5,000 invested in Telstra shares and $5,000 invested in the index fund. What do you think about your colleague's advice?