Consider a GaAs p-n junction diode. The p-type acceptor is Zn, with a dopant concentration of 2 x 10^17 cm^-3 and the n-tpye donor is Si, with a dopant concentration of 5 x 10^16 cm^-3. Working at temp= 300 K.
a) Calculate the Fermi Level in the p-type material. Assume that the hole density is equal to the density of the p-dopant atoms.
b) Performing the same calculation for the n-type material gives a fermi level of 1.363 eV. What is the zero-bias built- in potential at the junction?
c) Calculate the width of the depletion zone for this case
In: Physics
A craftsman builds two kinds of birdhouses, one for wrens and one for bluebirds. Each wren birdhouse takes 3 hours of labor and 4 units of lumber. Each bluebird house requires 2 hours of labor and 10 units of lumber. The craftsman has available 80 hours of labor and 100 units of lumber, and he wants to build at least 6 wren houses. Wren houses profit $8 each and bluebird houses profit $16 each. How many of each kind of birdhouses should be built in order to maximize total profit? Formulate this as a linear programming problem (i.e., DO NOT solve it.)
In: Operations Management
Write a program that takes a string from the user, identifies and counts all unique characters in that given string. You are bound to use only built-in string functions where necessary. For identification of unique characters and for counting of the characters make separate functions.
For character identification
Develop a program that takes a string argument, and returns an array containing all unique characters.
For character counting
Develop a program that takes an array returned from above function as an argument along with the given string and return an array containing the total count of each uniquely identified character present in the argument array.
(Dev Cpp +Multifing )
In: Computer Science
Consider a GaAs p-n junction diode. The p-type acceptor is Zn, with a dopant concentration of 2 x 10^17 cm^-3 and the n-tpye donor is Si, with a dopant concentration of 5 x 10^16 cm^-3. Working at temp= 300 K.
a) Calculate the Fermi Level in the p-type material. Assume that the hole density is equal to the density of the p-dopant atoms.
b) Performing the same calculation for the n-type material gives a fermi level of 1.363 eV. What is the zero-bias built- in potential at the junction?
c) Calculate the width of the depletion zone for this case
In: Physics
Problem 5-20 (Algo) CVP Applications: Break-Even Analysis; Cost Structure; Target Sales [LO5-1, LO5-3, LO5-4, LO5-5, LO5-6, LO5-8]
Northwood Company manufactures basketballs. The company has a ball that sells for $25. At present, the ball is manufactured in a small plant that relies heavily on direct labor workers. Thus, variable expenses are high, totaling $15.00 per ball, of which 60% is direct labor cost.
Last year, the company sold 54,000 of these balls, with the following results:
| Sales (54,000 balls) | $ | 1,350,000 |
| Variable expenses | 810,000 | |
| Contribution margin | 540,000 | |
| Fixed expenses | 372,000 | |
| Net operating income | $ | 168,000 |
Required:
1. Compute (a) last year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls, and (b) the degree of operating leverage at last year’s sales level.
2. Due to an increase in labor rates, the company estimates that next year's variable expenses will increase by $3.00 per ball. If this change takes place and the selling price per ball remains constant at $25.00, what will be next year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls?
3. Refer to the data in (2) above. If the expected change in variable expenses takes place, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $168,000, as last year?
4. Refer again to the data in (2) above. The president feels that the company must raise the selling price of its basketballs. If Northwood Company wants to maintain the same CM ratio as last year (as computed in requirement 1a), what selling price per ball must it charge next year to cover the increased labor costs?
5. Refer to the original data. The company is discussing the construction of a new, automated manufacturing plant. The new plant would slash variable expenses per ball by 40.00%, but it would cause fixed expenses per year to double. If the new plant is built, what would be the company’s new CM ratio and new break-even point in balls?
6. Refer to the data in (5) above.
a. If the new plant is built, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $168,000, as last year?
b. Assume the new plant is built and that next year the company manufactures and sells 54,000 balls (the same number as sold last year). Prepare a contribution format income statement and compute the degree of operating leverage.
In: Accounting
Northwood Company manufactures basketballs. The company has a ball that sells for $32. At present, the ball is manufactured in a small plant that relies heavily on direct labor workers. Thus, variable expenses are high, totaling $22.00 per ball, of which 69% is direct labor cost.
Last year, the company sold 30,000 of these balls, with the following results:
| Sales (30,000 balls) | $ | 960,000 |
| Variable expenses | 660,000 | |
| Contribution margin | 300,000 | |
| Fixed expenses | 210,000 | |
| Net operating income | $ | 90,000 |
Required:
1. Compute (a) last year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls, and (b) the degree of operating leverage at last year’s sales level.
CM RATIO = 31.25%
UNIT SALES TO BREAK EVEN = ? BALLS
DEGREE OF OPERATING LEVERAGE = ?
2. Due to an increase in labor rates, the company estimates that next year's variable expenses will increase by $3.00 per ball. If this change takes place and the selling price per ball remains constant at $32.00, what will be next year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls?
CM RATIO = ?
UNIT OF SALES TO BREAK EVEN = ? BALLS
3. Refer to the data in (2) above. If the expected change in variable expenses takes place, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $90,000, as last year?
NUMBER OF BALLS = ?
4. Refer again to the data in (2) above. The president feels that the company must raise the selling price of its basketballs. If Northwood Company wants to maintain the same CM ratio as last year (as computed in requirement 1a), what selling price per ball must it charge next year to cover the increased labor costs?
SELLING PRICE = ?
5. Refer to the original data. The company is discussing the construction of a new, automated manufacturing plant. The new plant would slash variable expenses per ball by 31.25%, but it would cause fixed expenses per year to double. If the new plant is built, what would be the company’s new CM ratio and new break-even point in balls?
CM RATIO = ? %
UNIT OF SALES TO BREAK EVEN = ? BALLS
6. Refer to the data in (5) above.
a. If the new plant is built, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $90,000, as last year?
NUMBER OF BALLS = ?
b. Assume the new plant is built and that next year the company manufactures and sells 30,000 balls (the same number as sold last year). Prepare a contribution format income statement and Compute the degree of operating leverage.
NORTHWOOD COMPANY
CONTRIBUTION INCOME STATEMENT =
In: Accounting
Chapter 6 HOMEWORK
Problem 6-20 CVP Applications: Break-Even Analysis; Cost Structure; Target Sales [LO6-1, LO6-3, LO6-4, LO6-5, LO6-6, LO6-8]
Northwood Company manufactures basketballs. The company has a ball that sells for $25. At present, the ball is manufactured in a small plant that relies heavily on direct labor workers. Thus, variable expenses are high, totaling $15.00 per ball, of which 60% is direct labor cost.
Last year, the company sold 37,500 of these balls, with the following results:
| Sales (37,500 balls) | $ | 1,125,000 |
| Variable expenses | 675,000 | |
| Contribution margin | 450,000 | |
| Fixed expenses | 240,000 | |
| Net operating income | $ | 210,000 |
Required:
1. Compute (a) last year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls, and (b) the degree of operating leverage at last year’s sales level.
2. Due to an increase in labor rates, the company estimates that next year's variable expenses will increase by $3.00 per ball. If this change takes place and the selling price per ball remains constant at $25.00, what will be next year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls?
3. Refer to the data in (2) above. If the expected change in variable expenses takes place, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $210,000, as last year?
4. Refer again to the data in (2) above. The president feels that the company must raise the selling price of its basketballs. If Northwood Company wants to maintain the same CM ratio as last year (as computed in requirement 1a), what selling price per ball must it charge next year to cover the increased labor costs?
5. Refer to the original data. The company is discussing the construction of a new, automated manufacturing plant. The new plant would slash variable expenses per ball by 40.00%, but it would cause fixed expenses per year to double. If the new plant is built, what would be the company’s new CM ratio and new break-even point in balls?
6. Refer to the data in (5) above.
a. If the new plant is built, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $210,000, as last year?
b. Assume the new plant is built and that next year the company manufactures and sells 37,500 balls (the same number as sold last year). Prepare a contribution format income statement and compute the degree of operating leverage.
In: Accounting
hw 3.2
Northwood Company manufactures basketballs. The company has a ball that sells for $30. At present, the ball is manufactured in a small plant that relies heavily on direct labor workers. Thus, variable expenses are high, totaling $18.00 per ball, of which 60% is direct labor cost.
Last year, the company sold 50,000 of these balls, with the following results:
| Sales (50,000 balls) | $ | 1,500,000 |
| Variable expenses | 900,000 | |
| Contribution margin | 600,000 | |
| Fixed expenses | 480,000 | |
| Net operating income | $ | 120,000 |
|
1a: compute last year's CM ratio and break-even point in balls: CM ratio %=? unit sales to break even (balls)= ? 1b: compute the degree of operating leverage at last year's sales level= ? 2: due to an increase in labor rates, the company estimates that next year's variable expenses will increase by $2.40 per ball. If this change takes place and the selling price per ball remains constant at $30.00, what will be next year's CM ratio and break-even point in balls: CM ratio %=? unit sales to break even (balls)=? 3. refer to the data in (2) above. if the expected change in variable expenses takes place, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $120,000, as last year: Number of balls= ? 4. Refer again to the data in (2) above. The president feels that the company must raise the selling price of its basketballs. If northwood company wants to maintain the same CM ratio as last year (as computed in requirement 1a), what selling price per ball must it charge next year to cover the increased labor costs? Selling price=? 5. refer to the original data. the company is discussing the construction of a new, automated manufacturing plant. the new plant would slash variable expenses per ball by 20%, but it would cause fixed expenses per year to increase by 60%. if the new plant is built what would be the company's new CM ratio and new break-even point in balls? CM ratio%=? unit sales to break even (balls)=? 6. refer to the data in (5) above. a. if the new plant is built, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $120,000, as last year? number of balls=? b1- assume the new plant is built and that next year the company manufactures and sells 50,000 balls ( the same number as sold last year). Prepare a contributioin format income statement: b2- compute the degree of operating leverage: =? |
||
In: Accounting
Northwood Company manufactures basketballs. The company has a ball that sells for $25. At present, the ball is manufactured in a small plant that relies heavily on direct labor workers. Thus, variable expenses are high, totaling $15.00 per ball, of which 60% is direct labor cost.
Last year, the company sold 56,000 of these balls, with the following results:
| Sales (56,000 balls) | $ | 1,400,000 |
| Variable expenses | 840,000 | |
| Contribution margin | 560,000 | |
| Fixed expenses | 373,000 | |
| Net operating income | $ | 187,000 |
Required:
1. Compute (a) last year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls, and (b) the degree of operating leverage at last year’s sales level.
|
2. Due to an increase in labor rates, the company estimates that next year's variable expenses will increase by $3.00 per ball. If this change takes place and the selling price per ball remains constant at $25.00, what will be next year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls?
|
3. Refer to the data in (2) above. If the expected change in variable expenses takes place, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $187,000, as last year?
4. Refer again to the data in (2) above. The president feels that the company must raise the selling price of its basketballs. If Northwood Company wants to maintain the same CM ratio as last year (as computed in requirement 1a), what selling price per ball must it charge next year to cover the increased labor costs?3. Refer to the data in (2) above. If the expected change in variable expenses takes place, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $187,000, as last year?
5. Refer to the original data. The company is discussing the construction of a new, automated manufacturing plant. The new plant would slash variable expenses per ball by 40.00%, but it would cause fixed expenses per year to double. If the new plant is built, what would be the company’s new CM ratio and new break-even point in balls?
6. Refer to the data in (5) above.
a. If the new plant is built, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $187,000, as last year?
b. Assume the new plant is built and that next year the company manufactures and sells 56,000 balls (the same number as sold last year). Prepare a contribution format income statement and compute the degree of operating leverage.
In: Accounting
Problem 5-20 CVP Applications: Break-Even Analysis; Cost Structure; Target Sales [LO5-1, LO5-3, LO5-4, LO5-5, LO5-6, LO5-8]
Northwood Company manufactures basketballs. The company has a ball that sells for $34. At present, the ball is manufactured in a small plant that relies heavily on direct labor workers. Thus, variable expenses are high, totaling $24.00 per ball, of which 71% is direct labor cost.
Last year, the company sold 30,000 of these balls, with the following results:
| Sales (30,000 balls) | $ | 1,020,000 |
| Variable expenses | 720,000 | |
| Contribution margin | 300,000 | |
| Fixed expenses | 210,000 | |
| Net operating income | $ | 90,000 |
Required:
1. Compute (a) last year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls, and (b) the degree of operating leverage at last year’s sales level.
2. Due to an increase in labor rates, the company estimates that next year's variable expenses will increase by $3.00 per ball. If this change takes place and the selling price per ball remains constant at $34.00, what will be next year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls?
3. Refer to the data in (2) above. If the expected change in variable expenses takes place, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $90,000, as last year?
4. Refer again to the data in (2) above. The president feels that the company must raise the selling price of its basketballs. If Northwood Company wants to maintain the same CM ratio as last year (as computed in requirement 1a), what selling price per ball must it charge next year to cover the increased labor costs?
5. Refer to the original data. The company is discussing the construction of a new, automated manufacturing plant. The new plant would slash variable expenses per ball by 29.41%, but it would cause fixed expenses per year to double. If the new plant is built, what would be the company’s new CM ratio and new break-even point in balls?
6. Refer to the data in (5) above.
a. If the new plant is built, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $90,000, as last year?
b. Assume the new plant is built and that next year the company manufactures and sells 30,000 balls (the same number as sold last year). Prepare a contribution format income statement and Compute the degree of operating leverage.
In: Accounting