Problem 1. One of the consequences of ethanol addiction is fatty liver disease, an illness in which liver cells accumulate large amounts of triacylglycerols, the esters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Ethanol is oxidized in the cytoplasm of liver cells by alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase to yield acetate and 2 NADH. Acetate is then transported into the mitochondrion, where it is converted to acetyl-CoA and metabolized in the citric acid cycle.

1. Give a reason based on the products of ethanol metabolism and the electron transport chain for high energy charge in the cell
2. How would excess G6P concentration contribute to the reducing potential required for fatty acid synthesis?
3. How does acetate stimulate the rate of citrate formation based on enzyme kinetic?
4. How would the concentration of citrate in the mitochondria increase if the rate of isocitrate dehydrogenase rate were inhibited
5. What would inhibit the rate of isocitrate dehydrogenase if ethanol metabolism causes high-energy charge.

For the size of the baseball stadium, assume that we know that the mean size is 45000 and the population standard deviation to be 5800. What is the probability that the stadium size is between 43260 and 49000?

Select one:

a.

50.20%

b.

97.05%

c.

100%

d.

95.00%

The Assembly Department uses a process cost accounting system. The department adds materials and incurs conversion costs uniformly throughout the process. During May, $200,000 of materials costs and $95,000 in conversion costs were charged to the
department. The beginning Work in Process inventory was $63,000 on May 1, comprised of $40,000 of materials costs and $23,000 of conversion costs. The company employs the FIFO method of process costing.

Other data for the month of May are as follows:
Beginning Work in Process inventory, 5/1 25,000 units (40% complete)
Units completed and transferred out 50,000 units
Ending Work in Process inventory, 5/31 30,000 units (30% complete)

Fill in the blanks below based on the information above:

A. How many physical units have to be accounted for in May? [80000] units

B. What are the equivalent units of production for materials for the month of May? [49000] EUP​

C. What are the equivalent units of production for conversion costs for the month of May? [49000] EUP

D. What is the total cost assigned to one equivalent unit of production during the in May? $[6.02] rounded to the nearest $0.01.

E. Using the rounded result obtained in ‘D’ above, what is the total cost assigned to the 50,000 units that were transferred out of the Assembly Department in May? $[303800] rounded to the nearest $1

F. What is the total cost of the May 31 inventory? $[54180] rounded to the nearest $1

Suppose you are working in the National Microbiology Laboratory in Winnipeg, Manitoba, the Canada’s only containment Level 4 facility where scientist can work safely with COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). At this stage you are permitted to perform your experiments in normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and mouse models.

3a) To combat COVID-19, can you design a CRISPR/Cas strategy by targeting SARS-CoV-2 in NHBE cells. (Genebank accession number for SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence is NC_045512)

3b) It is now known that the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 attaches to the host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which allows the coronavirus to enter human cells and replicate. To combat COVID-19, one approach is to knockout the human ACE2 protein, another is to enhance ACE2’s expression in NHBE cells. Can you choose ONE approach (NOT both) and describe how you would do it? (Human ACE2 gene GenBank: AB046569).
2
3c) It is debatable whether to use hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) to treat COVID-19 patients. To clarify it, could you design a single cell experiment to determine the transcriptome profiles of mice, which are infected with SARS-CoV-2 and treated with or without HCQ. (Note: mice (B6.Cg-Tg(K18-ACE2)2Prlmn/J) that express human ACE2 are from the Jackson Laboratory; CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and NK cells might be the focus).

7. Find the FIRST and FOLLOW sets for the grammar
S --> ABC
A --> a | Cb | ε
B --> c | dA | ε
C --> e | f

Construct LL(1) parsing table from grammar

1.) Evaluate the given definite integral.

Integral from 4 to 5 dA∫45 (0.2e^−0.2A +3/A) dA

2.) Evaluate the definite integral.

Integral from negative 1 to 1 dx∫−1 1 (x^2+1) dx

3.) Evaluate the definite integral.

Integral from 0 to 2 dx∫02 (2x^2+x+6) dx

4.) Evaluate the definite integral.

Integral from 1 to 4 left dx∫14 (x^3/2+x^1/2−x^−1/2) dx

5.) Evaluate the definite integral.

Integral from negative 2 to negative 1 dx∫−2−1 (3x^−4) dx

1. What are discrepancies between calf intestinal mucosa alkaline phosphatase and human alkaline phosphatase?

2. A solution was made up with p-Nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP), 0.1 M borate buffer at pH 9.5 and and alkaline phosphatase. This solution has good enzyme activity. Why does changing the pH to 9 decrease the apparent activity of alkaline phosphatase?

3. solution was made up with p-Nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP), 0.1 M borate buffer at pH 9.5 and and alkaline phosphatase. 50 uM of phosphate was added into the solution. Does the addition of phosphate to the assay mix cause competitive or non-competitive inhibition? Is this expected?

• Cell membranes in reindeer legs (near the hooves) are kept flexible because they have a large number of saturated fatty acids.
• Cell membranes in cold-tolerant winter wheat plants have a higher ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids than do cold-intolerant wheat varieties.
• A plant that produces more monounsaturated fatty acids than polyunsaturated fatty acids in its membranes in winter has an increased resistance to freeze damage.
• Yeast cells that produce more unsaturated fatty acids than saturated fatty acids in response to cold have greater cold tolerance.