Suppose that Ken teaches two sections of a course in kinesiology down at Kommunity Kollege. Ken teaches a day section of the course and an evening section of the course, both on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Ken wants to know if teaching with whimsical hand puppets can increase student learning. Ken decides to teach his day section with hand puppets and his evening section without hand puppets for the entire semester. When Ken created his syllabus, he forgot that he was scheduled to attend the Kinesiology Konference during the third week of the semester, so he had to cancel a week of lectures and fell behind on the course material. Oh, and then partway through the semester, a pandemic strikes, causing widespread illness, crippling world economies, and forcing Ken to give all of his remaining lectures online sitting at a card table in his frigid basement. During the online lectures, Ken is able to illuminate his basement with daylight through the windows during the day section but Ken has to use lamps for illumination during the evening class. Ken gives his lectures online but also records them for students who want to watch them again later. Ken is such a klutz with Zoom that the sound on his first week of online lectures does not get recorded properly and all the video recordings for the first week of online lectures are silent, with no audio. At the end of the semester, Ken gives the students what most people would call a test but what Ken calls a “Kommencement Kwiz”. Ken finds that the Kommencement Kwiz scores of the puppet group are significantly higher than the scores of the no-puppet group.

1.  (4 points) What is the independent variable?

2.  (4 points) What is the dependent variable?

3.  (4 points) Are the lectures that Ken had to cancel to attend the Kinesiology Konference a confound?  Why or why not?

4.  (4 points) Is the time of day of the lectures a confound?  Why or why not?

Do you take the free samples offered in supermarkets? About 58% of all customers will take free samples. Furthermore, of those who take the free samples, about 32% will buy what they have sampled. Suppose you set up a counter in a supermarket offering free samples of a new product. The day you were offering free samples, 309 customers passed by your counter. (Round your answers to four decimal places.)

(a) What is the probability that more than 180 will take your free sample?

(b) What is the probability that fewer than 200 will take your free sample?

(c) What is the probability that a customer will take a free sample and buy the product? Hint: Use the multiplication rule for dependent events. Notice that we are given the conditional probability P(buy|sample) = 0.32, while P(sample) = 0.58.

(d) What is the probability that between 60 and 80 customers will take the free sample and buy the product? Hint: Use the probability of success calculated in part (c).

The state of California has a mean annual rainfall of 22 inches, whereas the state of New York has a mean annual rainfall of 42 inches. Assume that the standard deviation for both states is 4 inches. A sample of 33 years of rainfall for California and a sample of 46 years of rainfall for New York has been taken. (a) Show the probability distribution of the sample mean annual rainfall for California. A bell-shaped curve is above a horizontal axis labeled inches. The horizontal axis ranges from about −2.1 to about 2.1. The curve enters the viewing window near −2.1 just above the horizontal axis, curves up to the right, and reaches a maximum near 0. The curve then curves down and to the right until it leaves the viewing window at the same height it entered near 2.1. A bell-shaped curve is above a horizontal axis labeled inches. The horizontal axis ranges from about 39.9 to about 44.1. The curve enters the viewing window near 39.9 just above the horizontal axis, curves up to the right, and reaches a maximum near 42. The curve then curves down and to the right until it leaves the viewing window at the same height it entered near 44.1. A bell-shaped curve is above a horizontal axis labeled inches. The horizontal axis ranges from about 10 to about 34. The curve enters the viewing window near 10 just above the horizontal axis, curves up to the right, and reaches a maximum near 22. The curve then curves down and to the right until it leaves the viewing window at the same height it entered near 34. A bell-shaped curve is above a horizontal axis labeled inches. The horizontal axis ranges from about 19.9 to about 24.1. The curve enters the viewing window near 19.9 just above the horizontal axis, curves up to the right, and reaches a maximum near 22. The curve then curves down and to the right until it leaves the viewing window at the same height it entered near 24.1. Correct: Your answer is correct. (b) What is the probability that the sample mean is within 1 inch of the population mean for California? (Round your answer to four decimal places.) Incorrect: Your answer is incorrect. (c) What is the probability that the sample mean is within 1 inch of the population mean for New York? (Round your answer to four decimal places.) Incorrect: Your answer is incorrect. (d) In which case, part (b) or part (c), is the probability of obtaining a sample mean within 1 inch of the population mean greater? Why? part (b), because the standard error is smaller part (c), because the population standard deviation is smaller part (b), because the population standard deviation is smaller part (c), because the sample size is larger Correct: Your answer is correct.

Assume that you are hired by the Governor’s Office to study whether a tax on liquor has affected alcohol consumption in the state. You are able to obtain, for a sample of fifty individuals selected at random, the difference in liquor consumption (in ounces) for the year before and after the tax. For person i who is sampled randomly from the population, Yi denotes the change in liquor consumption. Treat these as a random sample from a Normal(µ, σ2 ) distribution.

(A) The Governor believes there was no change in alcohol consumption. How do you test his claim? State the null and alternative hypotheses.

(B) What if the Governor thought there was actually a drop in liquor consumption as a result of the tax? How would you setup the test in this case? State the null and alternative hypotheses. What economic arguments would you use to justify your choice of hypothesis test? 4

(C) Now assume that for your sample of size n=50, you have obtained a mean ?̅ = −32.8 and a sample standard deviation s = 100. Formally conduct the hypothesis test from part (B) using these values and a 5% significance level. Does your conclusion change at a 1% significance level?

(D) Construct a 95% confidence interval for the mean change in liquor consumption based on your hypothesis from point (A).

Section 2 Business Application in the EU

4. Discuss the positive and negative effects on consumer markets of EU market Competition Policy. Please use examples to support your response.

5. B+C Motorcycles are based in the UK looking to enter the European markets for the first time. Advise the company on the research information and methods that they should undertake in order to establish which country target market is most attractive to them.

6. Discuss the impact of robots on the millennial worker and the repercussions on EU Migration.

Your 20 year old cousin asks you about HIV and how it could affect her. Explain to her, using appropriate terminology (for a 20 year old relative):

i)    exactly how HIV can be transmitted,

ii)   how she could be at risk, and

iii)   what measures she could take to protect herself

6. Explain about van der walls interaction. Give an example to support your explanation.

7. Why CH4 molecule is not capable for hydrogen bond?

8. Discuss the properties of water that make it a good solvent and buffer.

9. Describe about amphipathic.