Castaneda v. Partida is an important court case in which statistical methods were used as part of a legal argument. When reviewing this case, the Supreme Court used the phrase "two or three standard deviations" as a criterion for statistical significance. This Supreme Court review has served as the basis for many subsequent applications of statistical methods in legal settings. (The two or three standard deviations referred to by the Court are values of the z statistic and correspond to P-values of approximately 0.05 and 0.0026.) In Castaneda the plaintiffs alleged that the method for selecting juries in a county in Texas was biased against Mexican Americans. For the period of time at issue, there were 180,500 persons eligible for jury duty, of whom 142,600 were Mexican Americans. Of the 893 people selected for jury duty, 347 were Mexican Americans.
(a) What proportion of eligible voters were Mexican Americans?
Let this value be po. (Round your answer to
four decimal places.)
___________
(b) Let p be the probability that a randomly selected
juror is a Mexican American. The null hypothesis to be tested is
Ho: p = po. Find
the value of p̂ for this problem, compute the z
statistic, and find the P-value. What do you conclude? (A
finding of statistical significance in this circumstance does not
constitute a proof of discrimination. It can be used, however, to
establish a prima facie case. The burden of proof then shifts to
the defense.) (Use α = 0.01. Round your test statistic to
two decimal places and your P-value to four decimal
places.)
| z _______ | |
| P-value _______ |
Conclusion
Reject the null hypothesis, there is significant evidence that Mexican Americans are underrepresented on juries.
Reject the null hypothesis, there is not significant evidence that Mexican Americans are underrepresented on juries.
Fail to reject the null hypothesis, there is not significant evidence that Mexican Americans are underrepresented on juries.
Fail to reject the null hypothesis, there is significant evidence that Mexican Americans are underrepresented on juries.
(c) We can reformulate this exercise as a two-sample problem. Here
we wish to compare the proportion of Mexican Americans among those
selected as jurors with the proportion of Mexican Americans among
those not selected as jurors. Let p1 be the
probability that a randomly selected juror is a Mexican American,
and let p2 be the probability that a randomly
selected nonjuror is a Mexican American. Find the z
statistic and its P-value. (Use α = 0.01. Round
your test statistic to two decimal places and your P-value
to four
Z _______
| P-value _______ |
Conclusion
Reject the null hypothesis, there is significant evidence of a difference in proportions.
Reject the null hypothesis, there is not significant evidence of a difference in proportions.
Fail to reject the null hypothesis, there is not significant evidence of a difference in proportions.
Fail to reject the null hypothesis, there is significant evidence of a difference in proportions.
How do your answers compare with your results in (b)?
very different
very similar
none of the above
In: Statistics and Probability
For each reaction listed, determine its standard cell potential (in V) at 25°C and whether the reaction is spontaneous at standard conditions.
(a) 2 Au(s) + 3 Zn2+(aq) → 2 Au3+(aq) + 3 Zn(s)
(b) Co2+(aq) + Hg(l) → Co(s) + Hg2+(aq)
(c) Cu(s) + Fe(NO3)3(aq) → CuNO3(aq) + Fe(NO3)2(aq)
(d) Sn(NO3)2(aq) + Zn(s) → Sn(s) + Zn(NO3)2(aq)
In: Chemistry
In the discrimination case Connecticut v. Teal, the following data were given concerning a CT state agency's record of employees rejected or selected for promotion.
| Selected | Rejected | |
| Blacks | 26 | 22 |
| Whites | 206 | 53 |
In discrimination cases, sometimes the blacks and whites described in such a table are viewed as samples from theoretical populations that might result if large numbers of blacks and whites were considered for promotion by the agency. Test the claim that the population of whites selected for promotion is larger than that of blacks at 2.5% level of significance.
In: Statistics and Probability
L. Bowers and V. Lipscomb are partners in Elegant Event Consultants. Bowers and Lipscomb share income equally. M. Ortiz will be admitted to the partnership. Prior to the admission, equipment was revalued downward by $22,000. The capital balances of each partner are $74,000 and $101,000, respectively, prior to the revaluation.
a. Provide the journal entry for the asset revaluation. For a compound transaction, if an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank.
b. Provide the journal entry for Ortiz’s admission under the following independent situations:
1. Ortiz purchased a 20% interest for $33,000. For a compound transaction, if an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank.
2. Ortiz purchased a 30% interest for $83,000. For a compound transaction, if an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank.
In: Accounting
A 0.836 kg toy car is powered by one 9V battery (9.00 V) connected directly to a small DC motor. The car has an effective energy conversion efficiency of 36.1 % , meaning that 36.1 % of the electric energy applied to the motor is converted into translational kinetic energy. After 7.88 s , the car, which is initially at rest, reaches a speed of 3.43 m / s . What is the average current supplied to the car's motor?
In: Physics
v
Customer return and refund
On December 28, Silverman Enterprises sold $18,500 of merchandise to Beasley Co. with terms 2/10, n/30. The cost of the goods sold was $11,200. On December 31, Silverman prepared its adjusting entries, yearly financial statements, and closing entries. On January 3, Silverman issued Beasley a credit memo for returned merchandise. The returned merchandise originally cost Silverman $2,350 and was billed (invoiced) for $4,000 with terms 2/10, n/30.
a. Journalize the entries by Silverman Enterprises to record the December 28 sale. Beasley paid the balance due on January 7.
| Dec. 28 | Accounts Receivable-Beasley Co. | ||
| Sales | |||
| Dec. 28 | Cost of Goods Sold | ||
| Inventory |
Feedback
Partially correct
b. Journalize the entries by Silverman Enterprises to record the merchandise returned January 3.
| Jan. 3 | Customer Refunds Payable | ||
| Accounts Receivable-Beasley Co. | |||
| Jan. 3 | Inventory | ||
| Estimated Returns Inventory |
Feedback
Partially correct
c. Journalize the entry to record the receipt of the amount due by Beasley Co. on January 7.
| Jan. 7 | Cash | ||
| Accounts Receivable-Beasley Co. |
In: Accounting
What was the historical significance of the following 4 cases: Scott v Samford Yick Wo vs Hopkins, Ex Parte Milligan Ex Parte Quirin. Was the Court correct in either case? Why or why not? Please explain. IMPORTANT- Please DO NOT just summarize the cases in your response but provide some analysis based on the cases.
In: Civil Engineering
Corporation Tax v Individual Income Tax
Scenario
Mr. Mat lives in Barbados and is desirous of starting his own business from inheritances that his parents left him. He approached you for advice on the best type of business to register. Mr. Mat said he would love to gain benefits from any tax relief that is available that the government has to offer.
You are required to advise Mr. Mat whether it would be more beneficial to start a Company or an Individual Trading Business.
In your answer you should outline for Mr. Mat why setting up either a company, or a trading as business is more advantageous over the other. You are to cover matters like:
a. Tax rates
b. Available tax reliefs and or tax credits
c. Ease of operations of a company, as well as ease of operations of an individual trading business
In: Accounting
Andrew V. Omit was admitted to the hospital after he was
suffering from nausea, vomiting, blurry vision, speech
difficulties, and general weakness. In the two days before he was
admitted, he developed double vision and breathing difficulties. It
was later found that he had consumed food contaminated with
Clostridium botulinum.
a) What is he suffering
from?
b) What is the mechanism of
action of this disease?
c) Can this bacterium be used
for cosmetic treatments? What are the risks associated with its
medical use?
In: Anatomy and Physiology
A 240 V DC shunt motor draws 40 A while driving a constant torque load. The armature resistance is Ra = 0.2 Ω, the field resistance is Rf = 240 Ω and machine constant is Ka = 120. The part of magnetization characteristic (field flux versus field current) related to the question is:
If (A) : 0.70 0.80 0.86 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40
ϕ (mWb) : 5.80 6.30 6.59 6.70 7.20 7.60 7.96 8.20 8.45
The constant rotational loss is 240 W and the armature reaction is neglected. Find
a. the internal torque developed by the motor
b. speed
c. efficiency
In: Electrical Engineering