What percentage of the population live in their state of birth? According to the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey, the figure ranges from 25% in Nevada to 78.7% in Louisiana. The average percentage across all states and the District of Columbia is 57.7%. The data in the file Homestate are consistent with the findings in the American Community Survey. The data are for a random sample of 120 Arkansas residents and for a random sample of 180 Virginia residents.

Click on the datafile logo to reference the data.

2. A new chemotherapy drug is released to treat leukemia and researchers suspect that the drug may have fewer side effects than the most commonly used drug to treat leukemia. The two drugs have equivalent efficacy. In order to determine if a larger study should be conducted to look into the prevalence of side effects for the two drugs, set up a Mann-Whitney U test at the alpha equals .05 level and interpret its results.

                        Number of Reported Side-Effects

Old Drug           0          1          3          3          5

New Drug          0          0          1          2          4

A) We fail to reject H₀, which states the two populations are equal at the alpha equals .05 level because the calculated U value of 16.5 is greater than the critical U value of 2.

B) We fail to reject H₀, which states the two populations are equal at the alpha equals .05 level because the calculated U value of 8.5 is greater than the critical U value of 2.

C) We reject H₀ in favor of H₁, which states the two populations are not equal at the alpha equals .05 level because the calculated U value of 16.5 is greater than the critical U value of 2.

D) We reject H₀ in favor of H₁, which states the two populations are not equal at the alpha equals .05 level because the calculated U value of 8.5 is greater than the critical U value of 2.

A nations population size and the affluence of its citizens each influence its resource consumption and environmental impact. As of 2019, the world’s population passed 7.76 billion, average per capita income was $15,415 per year, and the latest estimate for the worlds average ecological footprint is 2.8 hectares per person. The sampling of data in the table will allow you to explore patterns in how population, affluence, and environmental impact are related.

1. Calculate the total environmental impact (national ecological footprint) for each country. Multiply column 1 (population) by Personal Impact (column 3).`

2. Which Country has the greatest IPAT? Why? Incorporate Population Size, Affluence and Footprint into your answer.

3. Which Country has the lowest IPAT? Why? Incorporate Population Size, Affluence and Footprint into your answer.

4. Compare Belgium and the US -both have the two highest Affluence, which are quite similar ($ 56K vs. $ 44K). The Personal Impact for both countries also is similar (8.2 vs. 7.4, respectively) yet the US has a population roughly 30x larger. In this example, what factor do you think (Affluence, Population size, or Personal Impact) carries the most weight in terms of influencing the Total National Impact/Ecological Footprint.

1. Peak Bikes, a national bicycle manufacturing company that specializes in producing off-road bicycles (mountain bikes), has hired you as an outside consultant. Peak Bikes currently has 170 both full-time and part-time employees. The firm’s management is organized as follows:
   1. Frontline managers: Oversee bike production and production staff. This is the part of the company that actually manufacturers the bicycles.
   2. Middle-level managers: Manage frontline managers, track performance versus company’s goals and strategy, and report to top level managers
   3. Top-level managers: Set overall strategy and oversee middle-level managers

Peak Bikes sells its bicycles in various specialized brick-and-mortar stores throughout the United States. These retail stores must complete a vendor application and then be approved by Middle and Top-level managers in order to sell Peak Bikes. One-hundred percent of Peak Bikes sales are through these brick-and-mortar retail stores.

Now the company wants to sell its bikes on their website – moving the company into a new e-commerce platform. This has implications throughout the company, including Production; Vendor relations; Customer Service; Operations, etc. With this decision, management duties and responsibilities will also change. In the past, Peak Bikes has struggled with keeping frontline and middle level managers motivated and engaged. From a recent management employee survey, many feel that they have no input in the direction (strategy) for the company.

Your task (as the consultant) is to educate the entire management team (all levels) about organizational planning with regard to the new e-commerce platform. What would you recommend that the company expect (in general terms and using the materials from this week’s chapter) from each level of management in terms of their responsibilities and level in involvement in the overall organization planning efforts with regard to e-commerce?

[13] A seller in monopolistic competition would:

A) lose all of its buyers if it raised its price.

B) lose some, but not all, of its buyers if it raised its price.

C) never lower its price because it can sell as much as it wishes at the current price.

D) never lower its price because once the price is lowered it can never be raised again.

[14] In the long run, a firm in monopolistic competition will:

A) operate at a loss.

B) earn an economic profit.

C) just break even with a normal profit.

D) all of the above.

[15] Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an oligopolistic market?

A) There are a few large sellers.

B) Entry into the market is difficult.

C) Products are either differentiated or identical.

D) Over the long run, firms are only able to earn normal profits.

[16] Mutual interdependence refers to the:

A) dependence of suppliers and distributors on one another.

B) need for sellers in any market to join together and make their common interests known to the government.

C) market situation where there are so few sellers that each must weigh the reactions of its rivals to its policies.

D) dependence of large firms on the government, and the dependence of the government on the products of large firms.

[17] In the past, when a particular small bank in the Midwest changed its prime interest rate, other banks in the United States changed their prime rates as well. This is an example of:

A) price leadership.

B) cost-plus pricing.

C) marginal cost pricing.

D) the kinked demand curve model.

[18] Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a monopolistic market?

A) There is one seller in the market.

B) Excess profits can be earned over the long run.

C) Widespread product differentiation is found in the market.

D) An individual firm's demand curve is the market demand curve for the product

Prose rhythm is characterized as the occurrence of five-syllable sequences in long passages of text. This characterization may be used to assess the similarity among passages of text and sometimes the identity of authors. The following information is based on an article by D. Wishart and S. V. Leach appearing in Computer Studies of the Humanities and Verbal Behavior (Vol. 3, pp. 90-99). Syllables were categorized as long or short. On analyzing Plato's Republic, Wishart and Leach found that about 26.1% of the five-syllable sequences are of the type in which two are short and three are long. Suppose that Greek archaeologists have found an ancient manuscript dating back to Plato's time (about 427 - 347 B.C.). A random sample of 312 five-syllable sequences from the newly discovered manuscript showed that 60 are of the type two short and three long. Do the data indicate that the population proportion of this type of five syllable sequence is different (either way) from the text of Plato's Republic? Use α = 0.01.

What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Round your answer to two decimal places.)

(c) Find the P-value of the test statistic. (Round your answer to four decimal places.)

USA Today reported that about 47% of the general consumer population in the United States is loyal to the automobile manufacturer of their choice. Suppose Chevrolet did a study of a random sample of 1007 Chevrolet owners and found that 481 said they would buy another Chevrolet. Does this indicate that the population proportion of consumers loyal to Chevrolet is more than 47%? Use α = 0.01.

What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Round your answer to two decimal places.)

(c) Find the P-value of the test statistic. (Round your answer to four decimal places.)

Prose rhythm is characterized as the occurrence of five-syllable sequences in long passages of text. This characterization may be used to assess the similarity among passages of text and sometimes the identity of authors. The following information is based on an article by D. Wishart and S. V. Leach appearing in Computer Studies of the Humanities and Verbal Behavior (Vol. 3, pp. 90-99). Syllables were categorized as long or short. On analyzing Plato's Republic, Wishart and Leach found that about 26.1% of the five-syllable sequences are of the type in which two are short and three are long. Suppose that Greek archaeologists have found an ancient manuscript dating back to Plato's time (about 427 - 347 B.C.). A random sample of 312 five-syllable sequences from the newly discovered manuscript showed that 60 are of the type two short and three long. Do the data indicate that the population proportion of this type of five syllable sequence is different (either way) from the text of Plato's Republic? Use α = 0.01.

What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Round your answer to two decimal places.)

(c) Find the P-value of the test statistic. (Round your answer to four decimal places.)

USA Today reported that about 47% of the general consumer population in the United States is loyal to the automobile manufacturer of their choice. Suppose Chevrolet did a study of a random sample of 1007 Chevrolet owners and found that 481 said they would buy another Chevrolet. Does this indicate that the population proportion of consumers loyal to Chevrolet is more than 47%? Use α = 0.01.

What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Round your answer to two decimal places.)

(c) Find the P-value of the test statistic. (Round your answer to four decimal places.)

D.        Suppose a nationwide study reports that the average price for a gallon of self-serve regular unleaded gasoline is $3.76. You believe that the figure is higher in your area of the country. You decide to test this claim for your part of the United States by randomly calling gasoline stations. Your random survey of 25 stations produces the following prices as shown in the table. Assume gasoline prices for a region are normally distributed. Do the data you obtained provide enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis? Use a 1% level of significance. Interpret your result.

D1.      The appropriate test should be:

            a.         a right-hand-side tailed t-test for the mean unleaded gasoline price in your area.

            b.         a right-hand-side tailed Z-test for the proportion of gasoline price in your area that                        is higher than the national average.

            c.         a left-hand-side tailed t-test for the mean unleaded gasoline price in your area.

            d.         a Chi-square test for the mean unleaded gasoline price in your area.

D2.      The appropriate observed value or test statistic is

            a.         1.9578

            b.         2.575

            c.         2.101

            d.         1.645

D3.      The appropriate critical value is, under a 1% level of significance:

            a.         2.575

            b.         1.645

            c.         2.492

            d.         2.101

D4.      Is it true that the true average unleaded gasoline price in your area is higher than the         national average of $3.76, based on the results of your test?

            a.         Yes

            b.         No, sample evidence does not support this statement.

            c.         Can’t decide.