Please select as true, false or uncertain for the following and explain your answer

1.The economics point of view is not valid for making decisions related to social undertakings, such as soup kitchens, or aid to poor families.

2. Indifference curves never cross. If they were to cross, that would mean that preferences are inconsistent.

3. If two products are perfect substitutes - that is, if people are different between them - then the elasticity of demand will be exactly equal to -1.

4.. In an indifference curve analysis, it is impossible for the quantity demanded of one of the two goods to be equal to zero.

5 Assume that in a business school, a particular academic center brings in $800,000 in revenues per year. Total variable costs, comprised of salaries, benefits, and space rental for conferences, add up to $650,000 per year. Overhead allocated to this particular center is equal to $300,000. The Dean has decided to close down this center, because "it loses money; it loses $150,000." What do you think about this decision?

6. If the price elasticity of demand is higher in one market than in the other, the

optimal pricing strategy is to charge a higher price in the market with the higher

elasticity of demand than in the market with the lower elasticity.

7. Economic theory suggests that there will always be illegal immigration into

countries that have much higher salaries than neighboring countries.

8 Dynamic pricing is an economist dream come true.

9. Dynamic pricing is very unfair, since poor people will not be able to afford the

good or service in question during peak demand periods.

10. Income elasticities of demand can never be equal to zero

1) Investigators found a RR = 1.90 to explain the association between maternal education (high vs. low) and onset of adolescent eating disorders. They should therefore conclude that adolescents whose mothers had high education had a 90% greater risk of developing eating disorders than adolescents whose mothers had low education.

A. True

B. False

2) When examining an association between an exposure and an outcome, researchers may find a small effect that is statistically significant but could lack practical importance or "clinical significance."

A. True

B. False

3) Effect modification occurs when the effect of the exposure on the outcome is modified by a third variable. A. True B. False 59. Investigators are exploring the relationship between number of hours worked per week and cardiovascular disease among academic faculty in the United States. During their analysis, they find that the number of hours worked per week and cardiovascular disease are both associated with sedentary behavior (number of hours sitting). Is sedentary behavior more likely to be a confounder or a mediator of this association between number of hours worked and cardiovascular disease?

A. Confounder

B. Mediator

4)

Investigators explored the relationship between coffee drinking and osteoporosis using a case-control study. They calculated the overall odds ratio and odds ratios among smokers and non-smokers. The results are shown below.

OR (overall) = 2.20

OR (smokers) = 5.0   

OR (non-smokers) = 1.0

In this example, would smoking be best considered an effect modifier, mediator, or confounder for the relationship between coffee consumption and osteoporosis?

A. Confounder

B. Mediator

C. Effect modifier

The table below represents the number of young people in a certain city enrolled in the academic support and enrichment program of youth services. Here, x represents the number of months from January 2011, and y represents the number of young people enrolled. Use Excel to find the best fit linear regression equation. Round the slope and intercept to two decimal places.

x   y
0   3199
1   3282
2   3432
3   3245
4   3076
5   3485
6   1524
7   1880
8   2715
9   2963
10   2917
11   3064
12   2730
13   3002
14   3115
15   3148
16   3372
17   3070
18   1813
19   1820
20   2720
21   3297
22   3157
23   2932
24   2839
25   2738
26   2721
27   2999
28   807
29   221
30   1537
31   1922
32   2532
33   3070
34   3091
35   2965
36   2956
37   3116
38   3294
39   3271
40   3211
41   3383
42   2243
43   2035
44   2625
45   2970
46   3046
47   2785
48   2650
49   1121
50   204
51   2796
52   2692
53   2830
54   2068
55   1802
56   2181
57   2675
58   2625
59   2632
60   2354
61   2501
62   2476
63   2458
64   2391
65   2375

P_1

Which of the following research situations would be most likely to use a between subjects research design?

A. .Examining ethnic differences in reading comprehension among middle school children.

B. Investigating the long-term effectiveness of a stop-smoking treatment by comparing participants
craving for cigarettes after 2 months and 6 months of treatment.

C. Examining academic performance of the Texas State University students by comparing their mean GPA to the national average GPA of undergraduate population in the U.S.

D. All of the above.

P_2

For which of the following situations would a repeated-measures research design be appropriate?

A. Comparing self-esteem for students who participate in school athletics versus those who do not.

B. Comparing mathematical skills of girls versus boys in elementary school age.

C. Comparing patients’ body temperature at the beginning and at the end of medical treatment

D. Comparing verbal skills of science majors versus art majors among undergraduate students

P_3

The t-test for independent sample can be used to examine ____________.

A. The mean difference between two treatment conditions in an experiment (e.g. a difference in performance of experimental group and control group).

B. The mean difference between two populations in quasi-experimental designs (e.g., mean difference in
attitudes to abortion between residents of the southern vs. northern states in the U.S.).

C. The mean difference in stress level at the beginning and the end of semester in a sample of undergraduate students.

D. A & B

E. All of the above.

Case Study 4

Chris is a nursing student and a self-proclaimed procrastinator. She describes herself as waiting until the last minute to complete projects and study for exams. She is currently taking one online course and three courses in a classroom. Chris tells her academic advisor that she tried color-coding her files, making out schedules for studying, and blocking out time, but she was afraid she'd get caught up in the act of doing those tasks and then wouldn't have time to study. She describes having difficulties finding time to complete her online course work and staying current with the discussions. Chris is already feeling the consequences of her actions, as reflected by her falling grades.

1. What strategies could Chris's advisor explain to her that might help her overcome procrastination?
   
   
2. Chris explains to her advisor that although she procrastinates, she is also a perfectionist, always wanting to earn A' on all her work. What guidance should her advisor give her?
   
   
3. Chris's advisor tells her to try positive affirmations to boost her self-esteem. What is a positive affirmation, and how would it help Chris in this situation?
   
   
4. Chris explains how the online course is a lot harder than what she expected and she is having trouble keeping up with the class. She tells her advisor that she often forgets about the assignments because the course is more self-directed than her other classes. How should her advisor help her?
   
   

Bottom of Form

This is a graduate course and students will be expected to research and write papers summarizing in their own words what they have found on current topics from the weekly readings. Research is a theoretical review of relevant literature and application of findings in the literature to a topic related to a specific industry, field, or business problem.

The research must be conducted using peer-reviewed trade or academic journals. While Blogs, Wikipedia, encyclopedias, course textbooks, popular magazines, newspaper articles, online websites, etc. are helpful for providing background information, these resources are NOT suitable resources for this research assignment.

TOPIC SELECTED --- ‘CASH MANAGEMENT’

a. Cover page

b. Overview describing the importance of the ‘cash management’ to current business and professional practice in your own words.

c. Purpose of Research should reflect the potential benefit of the ‘cash management’ to the current business and professional practice and the larger body of research. d. Review of the Literature summarized in your own words. Note that this should not be a “copy and paste” of literature content, nor should this section be substantially filled with direct quotes from the article. A literature review is a summary of the major points and findings of each of the selected articles (with appropriate citations). Direct quotations should be used sparingly. Normally, this will be the largest section of your paper (this is not a requirement; just a general observation).

e. Practical Application of the literature. Describe how your findings from the relevant research literature can shape, inform, and improve current business and professional practice related to your chosen topic.

f. Conclusion in your own words

g. References formatted according to APA style requirements

A researcher wants to see if there are any differences between three types of studying: Studying in a quiet room, studying in a room with classical music playing, and studying in a room with loud lawn equipment going on outside the window. She recruits 9 college students and puts three in each group. She has them read an excerpt from a physics textbook and then gives them a 5-question quiz. Below are their scores. Does study condition have an effect on academic performance?

Quiet Room Classical Music Loud Lawn Equipment

122

243

524

8. State the null and alternative hypotheses for this study, both statistically and in English.
9. Calculate the dfbetween, dfwithin, and dftotal and find Fcritical. 2
10. Calculate the mean of each group (M1, M2, and M3), ∑x and SSwithin
11. Determine G and N and calculate the SStotal and the SSbetween.
12. Find the MSbetween and MSwithin.

13. Calculate F and make your decision (accept or reject the null?) and report your results in APA format (see the “In The Literature” section on page 349 in your textbook to help you with this).

The following questions assess your understanding of correlational data.

14. Draw a graph that demonstrates a positive correlation. Label your axes with two variables that are normally positive correlated in the world.
15. Draw a graph that demonstrates a negative correlation. Label your axes with two variables that are normally negative correlated in the world.
16. Summarize why a correlation cannot imply causation. And give an example that illustrates this fact (that is not already given in your textbook.

Assignment #8: Chi-Square Test of Independence

Directions: Use the Crosstabs option in the Descriptives menu to answer the questions based on the following scenario. (Be sure to select Chi-square from the Statistics submenu and Observed, Expected, Row, and Column in the Cells submenu. Assume a level of significance of .05)

The school district recently adopted the use of e-textbooks, and the superintendent is interested in determining the level of satisfaction with e-textbooks among students and if there is a relationship between the level of satisfaction and student classification. The superintendent selected a sample of students from one high school and asked them how satisfied they were with the use of e-textbooks. The data that were collected are presented in the following table.

          Student Classification

1. Of the students that were satisfied, what percent were Freshmen, Sophomore, Junior, and Senior? (Round your final answer to 1 decimal place).

2. State an appropriate null hypothesis for this analysis.

3. What is the value of the chi-square statistic? The value of chi-square is 7.12.

4. What are the reported degrees of freedom? The df is 3.

5. What is the reported level of significance? The reported level of significance is .052.

6. Based on the results of the chi-square test of independence, is there an association between e-textbook satisfaction and academic classification?

7. Present the results as they might appear in an article. This must include a table and narrative statement that reports and interprets the results of the analysis.

Note: The table must be created using your word processing program. Tables that are copied and pasted from SPSS are not acceptable.

Assignment #8: Chi-Square Test of Independence

Directions: Use the Crosstabs option in the Descriptives menu to answer the questions based on the following scenario. (Be sure to select Chi-square from the Statistics submenu and Observed, Expected, Row, and Column in the Cells submenu. Assume a level of significance of .05)

The school district recently adopted the use of e-textbooks, and the superintendent is interested in determining the level of satisfaction with e-textbooks among students and if there is a relationship between the level of satisfaction and student classification. The superintendent selected a sample of students from one high school and asked them how satisfied they were with the use of e-textbooks. The data that were collected are presented in the following table.

Student Classification
Sophomore Junior Senior

Satisfied Freshmen
Yes 18 19 13 12

No 13 14 15 17

1. Of the students that were satisfied, what percent were Freshmen, Sophomore, Junior, and Senior? (Round your final answer to 1 decimal place).

2. State an appropriate null hypothesis for this analysis.

3. What is the value of the chi-square statistic?

4. What are the reported degrees of freedom?

5. What is the reported level of significance?

6. Based on the results of the chi-square test of independence, is there an association between e-textbook satisfaction and academic classification?

7. Present the results as they might appear in an article. This must include a table and narrative statement that reports and interprets the results of the analysis.

   Note: The table must be created using your word processing program. Tables that are copied and pasted from SPSS are not acceptable.

The MBA program was experiencing problems scheduling its courses. The demand for the program’s optional courses and majors was quite variable from one year to the next. In one year, students seem to want marketing courses; in other years, accounting or finance are the rage. In desperation, the dean of the business school turned to a Statistics professor for assistance. The Statistics professor believed that the problem may be the variability in the academic background of the students and that the undergraduate degree affects the choice of major. As a start, he took a random sample of last year’s MBA students and recorded the undergraduate degree and the major selected in the graduate program. The undergraduate degrees were BA (=1), BEng (=2), BBA (=3), and several others (=4). There are three possible majors for the MBA students: Accounting (=1), Finance (=2), and Marketing (=3). Can the Statistics professor conclude that the undergraduate degree affects the choice of major?

1. a) Create a cross-classified (or contingency) table with undergraduate degree as the row and MBA major as the column. The data in this table should be deemed as observed counts.

2. b) Create another table with the corresponding expected counts and having row totals, column totals, and grand total. Round each cell value to two decimal places.

3. c) Perform a chi-square test to assess the association (or independence) between undergraduate degree and choice of MBA major at 5% level of significance. Verify the assumptions required for the chi-square test of independence. Make sure you follow all the steps for hypothesis testing indicated in the Instructions section and show your computations.