Please indicate whether the claim reported in the headline below is most likely to be normative (i.e., how things ought to be), descriptive (i.e., a snapshot of how the world is), or causal (i.e., independent variable has an effect on dependent variable).   

Question 51

Problems such as inadequate housing, crowding, poverty, pollution, and crime can be connected to what social process?

Select one:

a. urban sprawl

b. the enlightenment

c. urbanization

d. industrialization

Question 52

According to sociologists, what do most people take for granted?

Select one:

a. We take our families for granted and discount their views.

b. We take our social world for granted and view our lives in very personal terms.

c. We take our social standing for granted and are relatively unconcerned about social mobility.

d. We take our personal lives for granted and view the world in societal terms.

Question 53

Sociologists argue that child abuse is linked to inequalities in our society and the power imbalance that exists between adults and children.

Select one:

True

False

Question 54

What do sociologists refer to as the knowledge, language, values, customs, and material objects that are passed from person to person and from one generation to the next in a human group or society?

Select one:

a. culture

b. religion

c. social organization

d. society

Question 55

Praise, honours, or medals for conformity to specific norms are all examples of positive sanctions.

Select one:

True

False

1.Despite all the real and perceived problems of the Treaty of Versailles, it is widely agreed among historians that this treaty was wisely constructed, negotiated, and managed. Further, most WWI historians agree that the Treaty of Versailles was a forward-looking document and did a great deal to bring about and maintain world peace. TRUE OR FALSE

2.The War Guilt Clause (also called Article 231) of the Treaty of Versailles, stated that ""…Germany and her allies accept total responsibility …for causing WWI."" TRUE OR FALSE

3.In one of his famous writings, The Descent of Man, Charles Darwin criticized modern society for undermining the natural processes of a culture eliminating its weakest by the building of asylums for the mentally ill, homes for the physically handicapped, hospitals for the sick, and welfare programs for the poor. TRUE OR FALSE

4.The Aryan race refers to a racial grouping, widely used in the period from the late 19th Century to the mid-20th Century, called Indo-Europeans. The phrase was used by Adolph Hitler and the Nazis to portray the ideal human types. TRUE OR FALSE

5.During the early part of the 20th Century many American universities including Harvard, Stanford, the University of California at Berkeley, Princeton, and others were on the forefront of opposing and debunking the concepts and practice of eugenics.

Plastic Products Ltd is a company that produces and markets plastic cups, teaspoons, knives and forks for the catering industry. The company was established in 1974 in response to the changes taking place in the catering industry. The growth of the fast food sector of the market was seen as an opportunity to provide disposable eating utensils which would save on human resources and allow the speedy provision of utensils for fast customer flow. In addition, Plastic Products has benefited from the growth in supermarkets and sells ‘consumer packs’ through four of the large supermarket groups. The expansion of sales and outlets has led Jim Spencer, the sales manager, to recommend to Bill Preedy, the general manager, that the present salesforce of two regional representatives be increased to four. Spencer believes that the new recruits should have experience of selling fast-moving consumer goods since essentially that is what his products are. Preedy believes that the new recruits should be familiar with plastic products since that is what they are selling. He favours recruiting from within the plastics industry, since such people are familia rwith the supply, production and properties of plastic and are likely to talk the same language as other people working at the firm.

1. What general factors should be taken into account when recruiting salespeople?

2. Do you agree with Spencer or Preedy or neither?

Please write down your response after reading the paragraph. (At least 5 sentences long. 150-200 words)

In my point of view, I believe that driverless car will definitely be the trend of technological development. Meanwhile, 100 percent security will be the target for all related companies. If those cars are mixed into human driven cars in the future, the outcome will be horrible. Even if the technique is well developed, the traffic in the real society is not expectable. There will be so many uncontrollable factors. For example, some pedestrians probably will not walk through zebra crossing, and driverless car must have the ability to deal with corresponding situation.

Moreover, driverless cars will probably meet the situation of ethical dilemma, like what was said in the video. “Kill the passenger or five pedestrians”, it is a difficult question and there will be much more similar questions like this. The people who should be thinking this problem are designers of driverless car, and then they just need to input it as a program into the car. From the ethical aspect, it is better to sacrifice one life for saving five more lives. However, humans are selfish. If I am the passenger, I rather let those five pedestrians die, because I don’t wanna die and I believe most people will have the same idea as me.

16.) Which theoretical perspective on lawmaking is concerned with how laws emerge and advocates that lawmaking is generally the restatement of certain customs and norms?

a) the functionalist view.

b) the conflict perspective.

c) the moral entrepreneur theory.

d) the rationalistic model.

17.) The separation of private law from public law begins in:

a) primitive legal systems.

b) transitional legal systems.

c) modern legal systems.

18.) The separation of substantive law from procedural law begins in:

a) primitive legal systems.

b) transitional legal systems.

c) modern legal systems.

19.) A general characteristic of the human memory with regard to eyewitness identifications is :

a) stress and anxiety increase perception ability.

b) perception is limited.

c) humans are skilled at judging time.

d) we are better at identifying members of another race than our own.

20.) Which of the following is true of lobbyists in general?

a) they are unpaid volunteers.

b) ex senators or representatives can not become lobbyists.

c) lobbying is a professional undertaking.

d) their goal is to influence the public.

21.) Compensatory damages would not include:

a) medical bills as a result of the injury.

b) reimbursement for lost wages due to the injury.

c) payment for the inability to engage in routine physical activity.

d) a monetary award designed to punish the person responsible for the injury.

10:1 Db food

The HR department is charged with creating, implementing, and enforcing fair labor laws and policies. Laws that impact foodservice systems include compensation and wages, hours and schedules of work, security and employment, and employment benefits and services.

Human Resources screens candidates through an automated system and/or in person and usually pass along the final candidates to the prospective managers to whom the position will report. Therefore, it is critical that food and beverage service managers understand the legalities to be considered when conducting an interview with a potential hire.

Topic 1: Hiring for the Position

Scenario (fictitious): A five star Chinese restaurant in Manhattan previously only open for dinner, has experienced considerable growth in the last six months and they have decided to expand their operation by opening for lunch Monday through Friday from 11:00 am to 2:00pm. This will increase production in the kitchen which makes it necessary to add to the staff.

The recruiter has selected the final two candidates to become sous chef. Now you as Chef must conduct the final interviews. Do some research out on the Internet and respond to the questions.

• What questions might you ask?
• What questions would not be legal?
• What specific questions might delineate between a good candidate and the perfect candidate?

The genome in a retrovirus such as HIV, is composed of?

a. (+) strand RNA          b. (-) strand RNA          c. double-stranded DNA           d. single-stranded DNA

Consider a (+) strand RNA virus such as Covid-19, with sequence 5’ AUGUUUCCG 3’ contained in the genome.

a. Polypeptide encoded in this sequence __________________.

b. Sequence of molecule produced using above sequence as a template ___________________.

c. Name of enzyme which synthesizes molecule in part b _____________________.

d. Why is production of molecule in part b important to the viral life cycle (1 or 2 sentences)?

     __________________________________________________________________________.

___ cells have extra or missing chromosomes; ___ cells contain a normal number of chromosomes.

a. Aneuploid; euploid     b. Polyploid; autosomal     c. Autosomal; polyploid      d. Euploid; aneuploid

____ is a common cause of aneuploidy resulting in a gamete with one extra chromosome and another gamete with one missing chromosome.

a. Chromosome pairing        b. Inversion           c. Crossing over             d. Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction in which parent leads to the sex chromosome aneuploid XYY?

a. Mother        b. Father       c. Either parent       d. Needs to occur in both

Nondisjunction of Chr 21 during meiosis II in females can result in all of the following in a zygote except? Assume the oocyte is fertilized by a sperm with normal chromosome count.

a. no chromosome 21                       b. euploid for chromosome 21     

c. monosomic for chromosome 21    d. trisomic for chromosome 21

Consider the following normal sequence of genes: a b c d e f g h.

The sequence a b f e d c g h represents a(n) _____.

a. Deletion          b. Duplication            c. Inversion             d. Translocation

In a(n) ____, the short arm of two chromosomes break, and the long arms join forming a single large chromosome with two long arms.

a. Reciprocal translocation         b. Duplication         c. Robertsonian translocation     d. Inversion

In the E. coli Lac Operon the order of segments in the DNA is?

a. operator, promoter, ß-galactosidase gene, permease gene, transferase gene

b. ß-galactosidase gene, permease gene, transferase gene, operator, promoter

c. promoter, operator, ß-galactosidase gene, permease gene, transferase gene

d. ß-galactosidase gene, permease gene, transferase gene, promoter, operator

1. Attenuation is a regulatory mechanism that has been well studied in the E. coli trp operon, involved in tryptophan biosynthesis. Which of the following accurately describes attenuation?
A: The goal of attenuation is to suppress the expression of biosynthetic enzymes when the end product of the pathway is available.
B: The attenuator is a stem loop structure at the 5´ end of the mRNA transcript that resembles the structure of the factor-independent termination sequence.
C: When tryptophan levels are low, the trp operon transcript is attenuated before the operon's structural genes are transcribed.
D: Attenuation allows fine-tuning of the levels of mRNA transcript from the trp operon in response to small changes in the availability of tryptophan.
E: The trpL mRNA contains a "stall" sequence for the ribosome that includes two adjacent trp codons.

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2. Which of the following are true statements concerning the similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication:
A: Prokaryotes use DNA polymerase III as the primary replicative enzyme, whereas eukaryotes use DNA polymerase I.
B: Most prokaryotes replicate a single chromosome from a single origin of replication, whereas eukaryotes have thousands of origins of replication spread over multiple chromosomes.
C: In eukaryotes, DNA replication is continuous, whereas prokaryotes replicate their DNA discontinuously in a process that generates Okazaki fragments.
D: Eukaryotic DNA replication is more complex than prokaryotic replication, because eukaryotes must dissociate and replicate chromatin as part of the process.
E: A homodimer of DNA polymerase III catalyzes the replication of both leading and lagging strands in prokaryotes, whereas two different DNA polymerases are required to replicate the leading and lagging strands in eukaryotes.

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3. Ammonia is toxic and must be converted to urea in order to be excreted. The following statements describe the process:
A: ammonia is transported into the liver as either alanine or glutamine.
B: transamination is a key step in the release of ammonia from glutamine.
C: urea is formed and excreted primarily by the kidneys.
D: alanine carries ammonia waste from muscle to the liver; once in the liver, alanine is converted via pyruvate to glucose, which may be returned to the muscle.
E: carbamoyl phosphate is a key intermediate in the conversion of ammonia to urea.
F: urea is ultimately formed by hydrolysis from ornithine

1. What is the overall outcome of the light reactions in photosynthesis?

3. Describe the pathway of electron transfer from photosystem II to photosystem I in light dependent reactions.

4. How and why would the end products of photosynthesis be changed if a plant had a mutation that eliminated its photosystem II complex?

5. Which part of the light-independent reactions would be affected if a cell could not produce the enzyme RuBisCO?

6. Why does it take three turns of the Calvin cycle to produce G3P, the initial product of photosynthesis?

7. Figure 10.6 Which of the following is the correct order of events in mitosis? a. Sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate. The kinetochore becomes attached to the mitotic spindle. The nucleus reforms and the cell divides. Cohesin proteins break down and the sister chromatids separate. b. The kinetochore becomes attached to the mitotic spindle. Cohesin proteins break down and the sister chromatids separate. Sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate. The nucleus reforms and the cell divides. c. The kinetochore becomes attached to the cohesin proteins. Sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate. The kinetochore breaks down and the sister chromatids separate. The nucleus reforms and the cell divides. d. The kinetochore becomes attached to the mitotic spindle. Sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate. Cohesin proteins break down and the sister chromatids separate. The nucleus reforms and the cell divides.

8. ___________ are changes to the order of nucleotides in a segment of DNA that codes for a protein.

9. Identical copies of chromatin held together by cohesin at the centromere are called _____.

10. List some reasons why a cell that has just completed cytokinesis might enter the G0 phase instead of the G1 phase.

11. What cell-cycle events will be affected in a cell that produces mutated (non-functional) cohesin protein? 1

2. Describe the general conditions that must be met at each of the three main cell-cycle checkpoints.

13. Explain the difference between a proto-oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene.

14. p53 can trigger apoptosis if certain cell-cycle events fail. How does this regulatory outcome benefit a multicellular organism?

15. Describe how the duplicated bacterial chromosomes are distributed into new daughter cells without the direction of the mitotic spindle.