In the dataset airways (see R code), we have the change in airflow from moderate exercise for 19 subjects under 2 different exposure conditions – regular air (air) and 0.25% sulpher dioxide (so2).

a) Look at the correlation, and use the t-table to test the null hypothesis that air flow change under these two conditions is uncorrelated. Test at significance level 0.05. Show your work.

b) Use a linear model and the summary function in R to test the null hypothesis that air flow changes are uncorrelated among people at the alpha = 0.05.

c) Look at the scatterplot of the airway changes. Does a linear model fully explain the relationship between these variables? Why or why not?

R codes:

##################

subject = 1:19

air = c(0.82,0.86,1.86,1.64,12.57,1.56,1.28,1.08,4.29,1.37,14.68,3.64,3.89,0.58,9.50,0.93,0.49,31.04,1.66)

so2 = c(0.72,1.05,1.40,2.30,13.49,0.62,2.41,2.32,8.19,6.33,19.88,8.87,9.25,6.59,2.17,9.93,13.44,16.25,19.89)

airways = data.frame(subject,air,so2)

airways

# part a, get the correlation

cor(air,so2)

# part b, make a model and get the summary

fit = lm(air ~ so2, data=airways)

summary(fit)

## part c, to see a scatterplot...

plot(air ~ so2, data=airways)

Below are pairs of economic outcomes in (a)-(g). For each pair, provide 1 Determinant Change or 1 Monetary Policy stance (Expan or Contr) or 1 Fiscal Policy stance (Expan or Contr) that could cause the pair of outcomes under the assumptions of: wages are rigid (expect for (g)); secondary effects are smaller than initial effects; international financial account responses are stronger than international current account responses; and default concerns are low. Determinant changes / policies may be repeated. a. Unemployment rises, Real GDP rises b. Real GDP falls, Flexible Exchange Rate depreciates c. Real Interest Rate falls, Unemployment falls d. Inflation falls, Budget Balance moves toward surplus e. Real GDP rises, Official International Reserves rise. f. Inflation rises, Flexible Exchange depreciates g. Wage Rate falls, Interest Rates rise h. Choose 1 of your (a) – (g) answers and provide a brief analytical chronology of how the determinant/policy change leads to the 2 outcome changes.

Clearly, things are beginning to change, especially with Georgia's Tom Price out as head of DHHS. Nonetheless, the midterm assignment for this course is to prepare a 5-page paper in APA-format which addresses one of the following topics integral to the US Affordable Care Act. You are allowed to use appropriate resources such as information from prior courses, briefs or white papers from the "think-tanks" listed at the bottom of the module section, peer-reviewed articles from journals such as Health Affairs, JAMA, NEJM, Lancet, etc. Be sure to check the Due Date...late assignments will not be accepted without a "one-letter grade per day" penalty.

Your paper should provide an introduction to the topic, 3-5 major issues related to each topic, conclusion, and any recommendations you might have to improve upon issues related to that particular topic. Remember to note any significant changes or discussions about significant changes (if any) to your topic since the current administration took office.

1. Payment Systems in Healthcare (Fee For Service, PPOs, Prospective Payment Systems, etc.)

I need Paraphrase:

Mental health is an integral and essential component of health.
The WHO constitution states: "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."

Mental health is fundamental to our collective and individual ability as humans to think, emote, interact with each other, earn a living and enjoy life. On this basis, the promotion, protection and restoration of mental health can be regarded as a vital concern of individuals, communities and societies throughout the world.

1. Causes

There is no single cause for mental health disorders; instead, they can be caused by

a mixture of biological, psychological and environmental factors.

People who have a family history of mental health disorders may be more prone to developing one at some point.

Changes in brain chemistry from substance abuse or changes in diet can also cause mental disorders.

Psychological factors and environmental factors such as upbringing and social exposure can form the foundations for harmful thought patterns associated with mental disorders.

Only a certified mental health professional can provide an accurate diagnosis of the causes of a given disorder.

Several companies have done a poor monitoring of the social aspects of the external environment. This meant that their strategies did not fit the needs of the market, and hence they failed. This is most noticeable among firms who market to Generation Y. This target group consists of customers who range in age from 5 to 20. Dubbed Gen Y" this cohort presented a big challenge to marketers such as Levi Strauss, Nike and Pepsi because of their unique tastes and perceptions of product quality and advertising themes.

Companies that succeeded in reaching Generation Y customers accurately sensed the unique needs of this market. For example, Lee Apparel (a competitor of Levi Strauss) introduced a special line of oversized, multipocketed pants aimed at 10-14 year old boys. This unique product was marketed on the internet, outdoor posters, and skateboard magazines. By carefully customizing their marketing, successful companies (such as Coca-Cola, Tommy Hilfiger, and Motorola) penetrated a market which was seen as impregnable by others.

While it is difficult to accurately forecast social changes, how can firms best factor these changes into their strategies in order to be successful?

Home’s demand curve for wheat is D= 80 – 2P and its supply curve is S= 2P - 20. Foreign’s demand curve for wheat is D*= 80– 4P* and its supply curve is S*= 6P*- 30. You should very carefully draw each demand and supply curve, since your answers below must be reasonably close to correct. A small featureless graph will not be sufficient.

Now suppose Home imposes a quota of 20 on wheat imports. Quota rights are given to the Foreign government to give to its firms.

(c) What is the resulting equilibrium price of wheat in each country?

(d) Carefully graph the changes in consumer surplus, producer surplus, and government revenue in each country due to the quota.

(e) What tariff leads to the same outcome as (d)?

(f) Carefully graph the changes in consumer surplus, producer surplus, and government revenue in each country due to the tariff in (e)?

(g) How can the Home government change the way quota rights are assigned so that the outcome in (e) is the same as (f)?

Contribution Margin Analysis—Sales

Select Audio Inc. sells electronic equipment. Management decided early in the year to reduce the price of the speakers in order to increase sales volume. As a result, for the year ended December 31, the sales increased by $31,875 from the planned level of $1,048,125. The following information is available from the accounting records for the year ended December 31.

a. Prepare an analysis of the sales quantity and unit price factors. Use a minus sign for any negative amounts.

b. Did the price decrease generate sufficient volume to result in a net increase in contribution margin if the actual variable cost per unit was $10, as planned?

1. Why do some people resist the goal of becoming world class? How can this resistance be overcome?   

2. Generate specific examples of world-class business that you have seen as a customer. Also generate examples of poor business practice. Why and how do some companies inspire world-class service, while others fail?

3. How might blogging affect the process of managing change? What are the professional and career implications of blogging for you, personally?

4. Generate and discuss examples of problems and opportunities that have inspired change, both in business and in you, personally.

5. Review the methods for dealing with resistance to change. Generate specific examples of each that you have seen, and analyze the reasons why they worked or failed to work.

6. Choose some specific types of changes you would like to see happen in groups or organizations with which you are familiar. Imagine that you were trying to bring about these changes. What sources of resistance should you anticipate? How would you manage the resistance?

Question 1

As part of the fight to slow the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic, many jurisdictions have introduced policies to promote and enforce physical distancing, isolation/quarantine, limit social gatherings, and limit in-person business to essential services only, and other practices such as encouraging the use of face masks while in public. Similarly, universities and many businesses have migrated the bulk of their operations to online and remote operations and services. We’ve all experienced that at York University, work and non-work aspects of our lives. For your answer to Question 1, use your recent personal experiences to explore how these changes have impacted communication effectiveness. You may use examples from your recent York University experiences, recent work-related examples, or other recent personal examples that help you illustrate any changes that have happened. Consider a wide range of content from our course materials on communication. Ensure to articulate your arguments clearly and provide support for your claims, using and applying relevant concepts.

At the end of the year, a company offered to buy 4,450 units of a product from X Company for a special price of $11.00 each instead of the company's regular price of $17.00 each. The following information relates to the 62,400 units of the product that X Company made and sold to its regular customers during the year:

Fixed cost of goods sold for the year were $142,272, and fixed period costs were $83,616. Variable period costs include selling commissions equal to 3% of revenue.

6. Profit on the special order is

7. Assume the following two changes for the special order: 1) variable cost of goods sold will decrease by $0.78 per unit, and 2) there will be no selling commissions. What would be the effect of these two changes on the special order profit?

8. There is concern that regular customers will find out about the special order, and X Company's regular sales will fall by 950 units. As a result of these lost sales, X Company's profits would fall by