A system of N identical, non-interacting particles are placed in a finite square well of width L and depth V. The relationship between V and L are such that only 2 bound states exist. What is this relationship? Hint: What is the requirement on E for a bound state? For these two bound states, what is the expected energy of the system as a function of temperature? The result only applies when T is low enough so that the probability of populating a state with E>V is very small. In this range of temperatures, what is the constant volume c(T)? Again for constant volume, what is the change in entropy between two temperatures?

1. Which couple of assertions relates to classical statistics? and why
   (a) Probability density function is a function of coordinates and momenta of all particles; infinite time is needed to measure positions of all energy levels.
   (b) Initial conditions cannot be determined simultaneously for all particles; system’s state is described by coordinates and momenta (in phase space).
   (c) It is impossible to determine the quantum states with certain energy (stationary levels); system’s state is set by the value of system’s energy, but not by coordinates and momenta.
   (d) Number of states is proportional to the volume of phase space; probability of state is proportional to the diagonal element of the density matrix.

1. We have two samples of people who took a literacy test, termed Literacy A and Literacy B which are from two different states. Researches are interested if there's a difference in literacy between the two states. First use folded F test to see if the varianceare equal or not, then T- test

A clocked sequential circuit has three states, A, B, and C, and one input X. As long as the input X is '1', the circuit alternates between the states A and C. If the input X becomes '0' (either in state A or C), the circuit goes to the state B and remain in state B as long as X continues to be '0'. The circuit returns to state A if the input becomes '0' once again and from then on repeats its behavior. Assume that the state assignments are A = 00, B = 01, and C = 10. Answer the following. (1) Draw the state diagram of the circuit. (2) Design the circuit using D-flipflops. *

5. In recent years, about twenty states have passed so-called medical marijuana laws. Typically, these laws permit individuals to lawfully purchase marijuana from licensed stores, providing they have a letter from their doctor recommending its uses. In a number of these states, the price of medical marijuana is observed to be higher than that of the pot sold illegally just down the street. Use the reasoning in this chapter to explain (a) why people would be willing to pay a higher price for the medical marijuana, and (b) why it might be misleading to compare the observed price of the medical variety with the observed price of the illegal weed.

Information:

Plains States Manufacturing has just signed a contract to sell agricultural equipment to Boschin, a German firm, for euro 1,250,000. The sale was made in June with payment due six months later in December. Because this is a sizable contract for the firm and because the contract is in euros rather than dollars, Plains States is considering several hedging alternatives to reduce the exchange rate risk arising from the sale. To help the firm make a hedging decision you have gathered the following information.

∙     The spot exchange rate is $1.40/euro

∙     The six month forward rate is $1.38/euro

∙     Plains States' cost of capital is 11% p.a.(or 5.5% for 6 months)

∙     The Euro borrowing interest rate is 9% p.a.(or 4.5% for 6 months)

∙     The Euro lending interest rate is 7% p.a.(or 3.5% for 6 months)

∙     The U.S. borrowing interest rate is 8% p.a. (or 4% for 6 months)

∙     The U.S. lending interest rate is 6% p.a. (or 3% for 6 months)

∙     December put options for euro: size of a contract euro 625,000; strike price $1.38, premium price is 1.5%. Use current Spot exchange rate, not strike price to calculate premium.

∙     Plains States' forecast for 6-month spot rates is $1.43/euro

∙     The budget rate, or the lowest acceptable sales price for this project, is $1,700,000 or $1.36/euro

Question:

1.) How would I set up and calculate a money market hedge (please include calculation)?

2.) How would I set up and hedge with an option (please include calculation)?

Steps (all statistical analysis to be done in Excel and/or StatCrunch):

Watch the TED talk by Hans Roling titled “The best stats you’ve ever seen”. You will need to include comments on this in your paper. Here is a link: http://www.ted.com/talks/hans_rosling_shows_the_best_stats_you_ve_ever_seen?language=en

Download the Excel data from IvyLearn

Create histograms of each of the variables (one histogram for fertility, one for life expectancy). Use the histograms to identify the shapes of the distribution. StatCrunch will be the easier tool to use for this particular task.

Calculate some descriptive statistics for each of the variables, including but not limited to the mean, median and standard deviation. Organize these numbers nicely in a table.

Using fertility as the predictor variable and life expectancy as the response variable, create a scatter diagram, come up with the least-squares regression line and calculate the linear correlation coefficient as well as the coefficient of determination. Make sure that you understand all interpretations and include them in your paper. Please carefully review the rubric below to see the full list of required interpretations.

Use the regression line to predict life expectancy for the United States given fertility and then compare this to the actual value in the United States.

Name some possible lurking variables that may be at work here.

Explain the difference between correlation and causation and why we cannot say that there is a cause and effect relationship in this situation.

Explain why we cannot use our regression model to predict the life expectancy of one particular individual.

Take a look at the website where this data was pulled from and comment on how the model might have been different if we used the data from 20, 40 or 60 years ago. Navigate to http://gapminder.org and click on “Gapminder World”. Use the x-axis and y-axis dropdown menus to ensure that ‘life expectancy (years)’ is selected on the y-axis and ‘children per woman (total fertility)’ is selected on the x-axis.

i need a Summary of this article ?

Los Angeles Times Newsroom, Challenging Tronc, Goes Public With Union

Push By SYDNEY EMBER OCT. 4, 2017

Newsroom employees at The Los Angeles Times are trying to form a union, setting up a potential clash with the newspaper’s parent company, Tronc. After months of organizing, the committee behind the push for a union drafted a one-page letter laying out its reasoning and left printouts on employees’ desks Tuesday night. The unsigned letter calls for improved working conditions, higher pay, more generous benefits and protections for staff members against “unilateral change by Tronc.” The letter also says “a majority of the newsroom” had signed union cards supporting representation by the NewsGuild, which represents 25,000 reporters, editors, photojournalists and other media workers at news organizations across the United States. Several people involved in the organizing push, all of whom spoke on condition of anonymity because they feared losing their jobs if they were to speak publicly

about the effort, put the number of those who had signed the union cards at roughly 200. “Yearly raises have become a thing of the past,” the letter says. “Talented journalists who want to build careers here have left for better pay and opportunities at other news outlets.” In August, Tronc abruptly ousted top newsroom leaders at The Times, including Davan Maharaj, who had been the publisher and editor since March 2016. Other leaders at the paper, including Marc Duvoisin, a managing editor; Megan Garvey, the deputy managing editor for digital; and Matt Doig, the assistant managing editor for investigations, were also fired. The attempt to form a union, which began late last year, is very likely to aggravate relations between Times employees and Tronc management. Tronc, which has its headquarters in Chicago and was previously known as Tribune Publishing, has installed newsroom leaders who have not endeared themselves to those in the Los Angeles newsroom. Cost-cutting measures, including sweeping layoffs, have agitated the staff. Last year, Tronc instituted an abrupt change to the vacation policy that effectively eliminated accrued vacation days, according to several employees interviewed. That change, these employees said, had helped motivate the union drive. It is not unusual for management to bristle at efforts to organize employees, and Tronc is no exception. After the company learned of the talk in the newsroom, Times managers distributed fliers that warned of the supposed pitfalls of unionization. “There is no obligation on the part of a company to continue existing benefits and it is not against the law for the company to offer reduced wages and benefits in bargaining,” one flier said, in bold, capital letters. The flier, which was obtained by The New York Times, featured a clip-art drawing of a person standing on two dice. Tronc also held a meeting with Times managers in a glass-walled conference room in the newsroom, during which company representatives unveiled a PowerPoint presentation with bullet points for countering the unionization effort, according to several employees. In group and one-on-one meetings with journalists, Times editors, at Tronc’s instruction, have made it clear that anyone who joined a union might have to renegotiate his or her benefits, the employees said. Tronc did not immediately respond to a request for comment. In the letter distributed to the newsroom, the organizing committee listed a number of conditions it wanted to negotiate, including annual staffwide pay raises, guaranteed minimum salaries, and equal pay for men and women and minorities. Workers at many of the country’s biggest news outlets, including The New York Times, The Washington Post and The Wall Street Journal, are represented by unions. Employees at several digital news outlets, including HuffPost and Vice Media, are also unionized. The first organizing meeting among Los Angeles Times newsroom employees occurred last spring. In August, after the shake-up involving top editors and executives, about 100 Times journalists gathered in a conference room at a Doubletree Hotel in downtown Los Angeles, where some workers made the case for a union.

two more pages of elaboration to how Trumpcare and Obamacare relates to health care finance. 30 resources

Obamacare, also known as the Affordable Care Act (ACA), was passed in 2010 as a health care insurance plan for all Americans. The law made many changes to the existing minimum coverage in insurance, and increase the federal subsidies for the middle-income households of the country. Trumpcare, also known as the American Health Care Act (AHCA), is a replacement health insurance plan designed to partly repeal the existing ACA. The new healthcare bill, is one step closer to repealing . The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has an estimate with ACA as the law of the land, the uninsured Americans would be 28 million will remain stable for the next decade. The analysis of an earlier version of the bill, there is an estimate of 54 million could be uninsured by 2026 in case of implementation of the AHCA. The ACA have provision to impose penalty on consumers who can afford to buy health insurance but do not do so, known as the individual mandate payment. it’s paid when you file your federal tax return. This penalty can be either 2.5% of   income up to the total yearly premium or $695 per person up to $2,085, whichever is higher. AHCA eliminates the individual mandate and offers an incentive to consumers who maintain insurance coverage: insurance companies can charge a 30% penalty who buy health insurance after had a gap in required coverage exceeding 63 days. The 30% penalty would apply for 12 months. The ACA requires that all major health policies sold to consumers offer coverage for 10 categories of essential health benefits: Outpatient services, Emergency services , Maternity and newborn care, Hospitalization. Prescription medication , Mental health and substance abuse services, Laboratory services. Pediatric services, Rehabilitation services, including vision and oral. Preventative, wellness, and chronic disease management services. The AHCA eliminates these protections by giving a waiver to define what they consider essential health benefits. States could allow insurance companies to sell plans that do not cover prescription drugs or maternity care. The ACA and AHCA have the same rules for newborns. A baby can be added to family existing health insurance plan or can buy a new plan to give cover the baby. AHCA is making major changes in the health insurance by reducing the requirements and making change in the structure of total offered government subsidies. On the analysis, the CBO has reported the current changes would make health insurance more affordable for few customers. Obamacare: The ACA increased Medicare taxes for the households having incomes above $250,000. The legislation gave some tax credits to middle-income earners to help them pay out-of-pocket health expenses. The AHCA repeals taxes of previous insurance plan. It was mandatory for the companies employing more than 50 employees to offer health insurance or pay a penalty. Trumpcare: The mandatory insurance of employees and penalty has been repealed under Senate plan. Insurance for dependents under 26 (Obamacare) : It requires insurer that the children under the age of 26 are allowed to be covered under the parent's policy. Trumpcare: Well this requirement is not repealed by trump care. Trumpcare: Pre-existing condition coverage (Obamacare):The insurer is prohibited from denying  coverage or charging more to individuals who have pre-existing medical conditions. Trumpcare: Gives states the ability to opt-out of requirements that insurers charge the same premiums for healthy and sick customers. Women care (Obamacare): It is mandatory for the insurance companies to provide core services including maternity care and contraceptives and the insurance companies are prohibited from charging women more than men for the same health plan. Planned Parenthood receives federal funding for family planning and other medical services used by Medicaid recipients. Abortion cannot be funded with federal dollars. Trumpcare: Insurance companies prohibited from charging women more for health insurance, but states could apply for waivers that allow them to drop coverage for maternity care and contraceptives. The bill also bans women from using government money to buy plans that covers abortion and ends non-abortion Medicaid reimbursement to Planned Parenthood, a non-profit group that provides abortion services in some of its clinics, for one year. Older Americans (Obamacare):The insurer are not allowed to charge the older Americans more than three times the cost for younger Americans. Trumpcare: States can receive waivers to allow them to charge older Americans more. Insurance marketplaces (Obamacare) : The Obamacare marketplaces, such as HealthCare.gov, enable people who don't get health benefits at work to compare plans, just as they might compare hotel rooms or airline tickets online. All plans on the marketplaces must offer a basic set of benefits, such as hospital care, mental health services and prescription drugs. Trumpcare: Under both the House and Senate bills, it is unclear how the marketplaces would work because insurers might potentially offer health plans that do not offer the same set of benefits.