There is some evidence that high school students justify cheating in class on the basis of poor teacher skills. Poor teachers are thought not to know or care whether students cheat, so cheating in their classes is OK. Good teachers, on the other hand, do care and are alert to cheating, so students tend not to cheat in their classes. A researcher selects three teachers that vary in their teaching performance (Poor, Average, and Good). 6 students are selected from the classes of each of these teachers and are asked to rate the acceptability of cheating in class.

How acceptable is cheating in class?

Extremely Very Somewhat Neutral Somewhat Very Extremely unacceptable unacceptable unacceptable acceptable acceptable   acceptable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

a. Use SPSS to conduct a One-Way ANOVA with α= 0.05 to determine if teacher quality has a significant effect on cheating acceptability. State your hypotheses, report all relevant statistics, include the ANOVA table from SPSS, and state your conclusion.

b. Use SPSS to conduct post hoc testing. To run a post hoc test in SPSS, open the One-Way ANOVA window (used above) and click the “Post Hoc” button. Check the boxes next to LSD and Bonferroni.

State the results of the post hoc tests (which means are significantly different from each other) and include SPSS printouts as part of your answer to this question.

A researcher believes that college students today have different IQ scores than in previous years. To investigate this belief, he randomly samples 41 currently enrolled students and records their IQ scores. The scores have a mean of 111 and a standard deviation of 12.4. A local census taken 10 years ago shows that the mean IQ of students enrolled during that time was 115.

The degrees of freedom for this sample is                            [ Select ]                       ["41", "40", "39", "38", "-2.201", "-2.407", "2.704", "2.021", "-2.07", "+2.07", "-0.32", "+0.32", "reject the null hypothesis", "fail to reject the null hypothesis", "IQ is probably different", "IQ is not different"]         

Using a two tailed alpha level of .01, the appropriate critical value is                             [ Select ]                       ["41", "40", "39", "38", "-2.201", "-2.407", "2.704", "2.021", "-2.07", "+2.07", "-0.32", "+0.32", "reject the null hypothesis", "fail to reject the null hypothesis", "IQ is probably different", "IQ is not different"]         

The obtained value of the appropriate statistic is                            [ Select ]                       ["41", "40", "39", "38", "-2.201", "-2.407", "2.704", "2.021", "-2.07", "+2.07", "-0.32", "+0.32", "reject the null hypothesis", "fail to reject the null hypothesis", "IQ is probably different", "IQ is not different"]         

What is your decision?                             [ Select ]                       ["41", "40", "39", "38", "-2.201", "-2.407", "2.704", "2.021", "-2.07", "+2.07", "-0.32", "+0.32", "reject the null hypothesis", "fail to reject the null hypothesis", "IQ is probably different", "IQ is not different"]         

Is the IQ of currently enrolled college students different than in previous years?                            [ Select ]                       ["41", "40", "39", "38", "-2.201", "-2.407", "2.704", "2.021", "-2.07", "+2.07", "-0.32", "+0.32", "reject the null hypothesis", "fail to reject the null hypothesis", "IQ is probably different", "IQ is not different"]         

The Gourmand Cooking School runs short cooking courses at its small campus. Management has identified two cost drivers that it uses in its budgeting and performance reports—the number of courses and the total number of students. For example, the school might run two courses in a month and have a total of 63 students enrolled in those two courses. Data concerning the company’s cost formulas appear below:

Fixed Cost per Month Cost per Course Cost per
Student
Instructor wages $ 2,980
Classroom supplies    $ 300
Utilities $ 1,210 $ 85
Campus rent $ 5,000
Insurance $ 2,300    
Administrative expenses $ 3,900 $ 41 $ 4

For example, administrative expenses should be $3,900 per month plus $41 per course plus $4 per student. The company’s sales should average $850 per student.

The actual operating results for September appear below:

Actual
Revenue $ 50,650
Instructor wages $ 11,200
Classroom supplies $ 18,750
Utilities $ 1,960
Campus rent $ 5,000
Insurance $ 2,440
Administrative expenses $ 3,742

Required:

1. The Gourmand Cooking School expects to run four courses with a total of 63 students in September. Complete the company’s planning budget for this level of activity.

2. The school actually ran four courses with a total of 59 students in September. Complete the company’s flexible budget for this level of activity.

3. Complete the flexible budget performance report that shows both revenue and spending variances and activity variances for September. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Input all amounts as positive values.)

130 adults with gum disease were asked the number of times per week they used to floss before their diagnoses. The (incomplete) results are shown below:

a. Complete the table (Use 4 decimal places when applicable)

b. What is the cumulative relative frequency for flossing 6 times per week? %

250 people are asked how many siblings they have?

a. Complete the table (Use 4 decimal places when applicable)

b. What percent of the people have exactly one sibling? %

50 part-time students were asked how many courses they were taking this term. The (incomplete) results are shown below:

a. Complete the table.

b. What percent of students take exactly one course? %

50 part-time students were asked how many courses they were taking this term. The (incomplete) results are shown below:

Please fill out the table.

What percent of students take exactly two courses? %

he Gourmand Cooking School runs short cooking courses at its small campus. Management has identified two cost drivers that it uses in its budgeting and performance reports—the number of courses and the total number of students. For example, the school might run two courses in a month and have a total of 61 students enrolled in those two courses. Data concerning the company’s cost formulas appear below:

It may be that sunshine has a unique effect on learning statistics. Previous research has been in disagreement, with some studies showing that sunshine increases amount learned whereas others show sunshine has detrimental effects on learning. You would like to determine for yourself whether or not sunshine makes a DIFFERENCE on statistics learning. Let's assume you take five statistics students and give them a lesson on a sunny day, and then take a completely different and unrelated five students and give them the same lesson on a rainy day. These are their results for a quiz on their lesson:

Sunny Day Students:

• Student 1: 9.8
• Student 2: 6.7
• Student 3: 7.2
• Student 4: 8.2
• Student 5: 5.1

xbar₁ = 7.4

Rainy Day Students:

• Student 6: 8.2
• Student 7: 6.7
• Student 8: 6.8
• Student 9: 9.7
• Student 10: 7.1

xbar₂ = 7.7

a. State the null and alternative hypotheses.

b. What are the degrees of freedom for this t-test? Find the corresponding critical t-value(s) for Type I error rate (alpha) of α = 0.05?

c. Calculate your observed t-statistic (hint: you will need to calculate the standard deviations of both groups first).

d. Compare your observed t-statistic to the critical t-value. What do you conclude regarding the null hypothesis?

e. Calculate and interpret the 95% Confidence interval.

f. Calculate and interpret the standardized effect size (Cohen's d).

g. What do you conclude about your research question (use your own words, in everyday language).

A researcher tested a research hypothesis that people with diagnosed depression will have REDUCED level of depressive symptoms after a cognitive therapy treatment, as compared to the pre-treatment level of depressive symptoms. The cutoff t value is -1.833 for this one-tailed test. The data analysis yielded a mean change score (post-treatment minus pre-treatment) of -2.5. If the standard error is 2.0, what is the t statistic and what is the conclusion of the hypothesis test?

A researcher conducts a t test for dependent means (paired-samples t test) with 16 participants. The estimated population variance of the change scores is 9. What is the standard error?

In a small-scale trial (sample size = 9) of a psychotherapy treatment for depression, participants were assessed with a depression scale when they entered the trial and again when they have completed the 6-month trial. The data yielded a mean difference (change) score of 1.5 and the standard deviation of the sampling distribution was .6. What was the the t statistic?

In a high school math class, there are 13 male students and 17 female students. After all the students have taken the ACT test, the math teacher would like to know if there is a significant difference in the math component score between the male and female students. If he uses an alpha level of .05 for a two-tailed test, what would be the critical t value for his statistical test?

The Gourmand Cooking School runs short cooking courses at its small campus. Management has identified two cost drivers it uses in its budgeting and performance reports—the number of courses and the total number of students. For example, the school might run two courses in a month and have a total of 62 students enrolled in those two courses. Data concerning the company’s cost formulas appear below:

For example, administrative expenses should be $3,700 per month plus $42 per course plus $5 per student. The company’s sales should average $860 per student.

The company planned to run four courses with a total of 62 students; however, it actually ran four courses with a total of only 58 students. The actual operating results for September appear below:

Required:

Prepare a flexible budget performance report that shows both revenue and spending variances and activity variances for September. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Input all amounts as positive values.)

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