1. (a) What are the properties of indifference curves (utility functions)?

(b) Use consumer theory (budget constraints and indifference curves) to drive (show graphically) and explain an individual’s demand curve for a commodity (show how a change in price causes a movement along the demand curve).

(c) Use indifference curves and budget lines to show graphically and explain the expansion path for two normal goods and for a normal good and an inferior good as income changes.

** Summarize the following paragraphs in ONE PARAGRAPH please. **

The opioid crisis in the United States continues unabated despite an overall reduction in the number of prescriptions for opioid analgesics written over the past 5 years.¹ If nothing changes, opioid deaths are predicted to increase almost 100% by between 2016 and 2025 and the number of persons using illicit opioids will increase 61% by the same date.² The number of persons who inject drugs continues to increase, with many of these persons reporting that they used prescription opioid analgesics before they started using heroin. A less-discussed complication of the opioid crisis that may be just as lethal is the increase in serious infections in persons who inject drugs.³ Hospitalizations for infective endocarditis associated with injection drug use increased 50% between 2002 and 2012.³ Admissions for osteomyelitis and septic arthritis increased 54% and 63%, respectively, over the same period.³ Patients with untreated opioid use disorder often receive suboptimal care for their serious infections.⁴ Onset of withdrawal symptoms and cravings for opioids generally occur within 4 to 12 hours after the last use of an opioid, depending on the substance used. Patients who inject drugs are more likely to leave the hospital before completing a course of treatment or may be unable to comply with outpatient discharge instructions and are at higher risk of reinfection, readmission, or death. Patients who are referred for an addiction medicine consultation are less likely to leave the hospital against medical advice.⁵ The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to develop a response to the increase in hospitalizations for infections of patients who inject drugs.⁶ The workshops resulted in several recommended action steps. Action step 4 calls for all prescribers and other personnel to receive training on Drug Addiction Treatment Act waivers. Clinicians also should be trained on how to safely prescribe methadone to patients before patients are discharged from the hospital.

WHAT IS HOLDING US BACK?

Historically, the amount of time dedicated to education on screening for, diagnosing, and treating substance use disorder is limited in the medical curriculum.⁷ Students may attach a stigma to patients with substance use disorders.⁸ A survey of general internists found that almost a third felt that opioid use disorder was different from other chronic conditions because they believed it was a choice.⁹ Fourteen percent of the respondents felt that medication-assisted treatment was substituting one drug for another.⁹ Twelve percent of hospitalists and 6% of primary care providers believed that persons using drugs committed a crime and should be punished.⁹ Only 9% of the sample felt they were prepared to discuss medication treatments for patients with opioid use disorder.

WHY SHOULD THIS MATTER TO YOU?

Whether you are practicing in primary care, emergency medicine, or a hospital-based specialty, you will encounter patients with opioid use disorder.¹⁰ Clinicians must be able to screen patients for substance use disorders, diagnose patients with opioid use disorder, and manage these patients, whether by treating withdrawal symptoms, initiating medication-assisted treatment (MAT), or referring them to an appropriate level of care. Hospital providers are authorized, without the need for a waiver, to use either methadone or buprenorphine to treat withdrawal symptoms in their patients. However, waiver training gives clinicians the knowledge to use these medications appropriately.¹¹

PROBLEM 4–30 (Garrison text)  

Changes in Cost Structure; Break-Even Analysis; Operating Leverage

Duchamp Company’s contribution format income statement for the most recent month is given below:

Sales (30,000 units)                $ 900,000

Variable expenses                     630,000

Contribution margin                  270,000

Fixed expenses                         180,000

Operating income                     $ 90,000

The industry in which Duchamp Company operates is quite sensitive to cyclical movements in the economy. Thus, profits vary considerably from year to year according to general economic conditions. The company has a large amount of unused capacity and is studying ways of improving profits.

Required:

New equipment has come on the market that would allow Duchamp Company to automate a portion of its operations. Variable costs would be reduced by $9 per unit. However, fixed costs would increase to a total of $450,000 each month. Prepare two contribution format income statements, one showing current operations and one showing how operations would appear if the new equipment is purchased.

Show an Amount column, a Per Unit column, and a Percentage column on each statement. Do not show percentages for the fixed costs. (current versus proposed)

Refer to the income statements in (1) above. For both current operations and the proposed new operations, compute

(a) the degree of operating leverage,

(b) the break-even point in dollars.

Refer again to the data in (1) above. As a manager, what factor(s) would be paramount in your mind in deciding whether to purchase the new equipment?

(You may assume that ample funds are available to make the purchase.)

Question 1: Given the following reactions and standard molar enthalpy changes ΔrH0:

D-glucose 6-phosphate2-(aq) = D-fructose 6-phosphate2-(aq)                                (1)

D-glucose + ATP4-(aq) = D-glucose 6-phosphate2-(aq) + ADP3-(aq) + H+(aq)        (2)

D-fructose + ATP4-(aq) = D-fructose 6-phosphate2-(aq) + ADP3-(aq) + H+(aq)       (3)

ΔrH0 (1) = 11.7 kJ mol-1

ΔrH0 (2) = -23.8 kJ mol-1

ΔrH0 (3) = -15.0 kJ mol-1

Calculate ΔrH0 for the reaction: D-glucose(aq) = D-fructose(aq)                (4)

Problem 17-16 (Static) Comprehensive—reporting a pension plan; pension spreadsheet; determine changes in balances; two years [LO17-3, 17-4, 17-5, 17-6, 17-7, 17-8]

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[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.]

Actuary and trustee reports indicate the following changes in the PBO and plan assets of Lakeside Cable during 2021:

($ in millions)

Assume the following actuary and trustee reports indicating changes in the PBO and plan assets of Lakeside Cable during 2022:

($ in millions)

Problem 17-16 (Static) Part 5

5. Determine the new gains and/or losses in 2022, and prepare the appropriate journal entry(s) to record them. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field. Enter your answers in millions (i.e., 10,000,000 should be entered as 10).)

Using T-accounts, determine the balances at December 31, 2022, in the net loss—AOCI and prior service cost—AOCI. (Enter your answers in millions rounded to 1 decimal place (i.e., 5,500,000 should be entered as 5.5).)

Prepare a pension spreadsheet to assist you in determining end of 2022 balances in the PBO, plan assets, prior service cost—AOCI, the net loss—AOCI, and the pension liability. (Enter your answers in millions rounded to 1 decimal place (i.e., 5,500,000 should be entered as 5.5). Enter credit amounts with a minus sign and debit amounts with a positive sign.)

Problem 17-16 (Static) Comprehensive—reporting a pension plan; pension spreadsheet; determine changes in balances; two years [LO17-3, 17-4, 17-5, 17-6, 17-7, 17-8]

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[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.]

Actuary and trustee reports indicate the following changes in the PBO and plan assets of Lakeside Cable during 2021:

($ in millions)

Assume the following actuary and trustee reports indicating changes in the PBO and plan assets of Lakeside Cable during 2022:

($ in millions)

Problem 17-16 (Static) Part 3

3. Prepare a pension spreadsheet to assist you in determining end of 2021 balances in the PBO, plan assets, prior service cost—AOCI, the net loss—AOCI, and the pension liability. (Enter your answers in millions (i.e., 10,000,000 should be entered as 10). Enter credit amounts with a minus sign and debit amounts with a positive sign.)

4-a. Determine Lakeside’s pension expense for 2022.
4-b. Prepare the appropriate journal entries to record the expense, the cash funding of plan assets, and payment of benefits to retirees.

Problem 17-16 (Static) Comprehensive—reporting a pension plan; pension spreadsheet; determine changes in balances; two years [LO17-3, 17-4, 17-5, 17-6, 17-7, 17-8]

Skip to question

[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.]

Actuary and trustee reports indicate the following changes in the PBO and plan assets of Lakeside Cable during 2021:

($ in millions)

Assume the following actuary and trustee reports indicating changes in the PBO and plan assets of Lakeside Cable during 2022:

($ in millions)

4-a. Determine Lakeside’s pension expense for 2019. (Enter your answers in millions rounded to 1 decimal place (i.e., 5,500,000 should be entered as 5.5).)
  

4-b. Prepare the appropriate journal entries to record the expense, the cash funding of plan assets, and payment of benefits to retirees. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field. Enter your answers in millions rounded to 1 decimal place (i.e., 5,500,000 should be entered as 5.5).)

2. Determine the new gains and/or losses in 2021 and prepare the appropriate journal entry(s) to record them. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field. Enter your answers in millions (i.e., 10,000,000 should be entered as 10).)

P15-17 Partnership Formation, Operation, and Changes in Ownership LO 15-3, 15-4, 15-5, 15-6 The partnership of Jordan and O’Neal began business on January 1, 20X7. Each partner contributed the following assets (the noncash assets are stated at their fair values on January 1, 20X7): Jordan O’Neal Cash $ 61,400 $ 50,900 Inventories 80,200 –0– Land –0– 131,500 Equipment 101,100 –0– The land was subject to a $50,300 mortgage, which the partnership assumed on January 1, 20X7. The equipment was subject to an installment note payable that had an unpaid principal amount of $21,100 on January 1, 20X7. The partnership also assumed this note payable. Jordan and O’Neal agreed to share partnership income and losses in the following manner: Jordan O’Neal Interest on beginning capital balances 3 % 3 % Salaries $ 13,500 $ 13,500 Remainder 60 % 40 % During 20X7, the following events occurred: 1. Inventory was acquired at a cost of $31,300. At December 31, 20X7, the partnership owed $7,400 to its suppliers. 2. Principal of $6,800 was paid on the mortgage. Interest expense incurred on the mortgage was $2,100, all of which was paid by December 31, 20X7. 3. Principal of $3,300 was paid on the installment note. Interest expense incurred on the installment note was $2,100, all of which was paid by December 31, 20X7. 4. Sales on account amounted to $162,500. At December 31, 20X7, customers owed the partnership $21,900. 5. Selling and general expenses, excluding depreciation, amounted to $34,100. At December 31, 20X7, the partnership owed $6,800 of accrued expenses. Depreciation expense was $6,600. 6. Each partner withdrew $220 each week in anticipation of partnership profits. 7. The partnership’s inventory at December 31, 20X7, was $21,600. 8. The partners allocated the net income for 20X7 and closed the accounts. Additional Information On January 1, 20X8, the partnership decided to admit Hill to the partnership. On that date, Hill invested $93,480 of cash into the partnership for a 20 percent capital interest. Total partnership capital after Hill was admitted totaled $452,000. Required: a. Prepare journal entries to record the formation of the partnership on January 1, 20X7, and to record the events that occurred during 20X7. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field. Round the final answers to nearest dollar amount)

Physiology

☆Acid-base balance Normal plasma pH ranges from 7.35-7.45, changes in plasma pH may disturb metabolism and many body functions.

1- Describe in detail the role of the kidney in adjusting blood pH either in acidosis or alkalosis.

2- Differentiate between metabolic and respiratory acidosis and alkalosis.

3- Explain in full details the endocrinal causes of metabolic acidosis.

4- Formulate a case for a patient with metabolic acidosis demonstrating possible signs, symptoms and laboratory investigations.

5- Referring to five recent publication (2015-2020), explain the pathophysiology and treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis.

6- Construct 5 MCQ about Addison's disease