QUESTION 5: Case Study I - ETHICS CASE STUDY [10 Marks]

One for the Road—Anyone?

“Florence Yozefu is a brilliant scientist who heads a robotics research laboratory at one of the top ten research universities. Florence has been developing wearable robotics gear that can take over the driving functions of a vehicle from a human operator when it is worn by the driver. In laboratory tests, the robot, nicknamed Catchmenot, has performed successfully whenever Florence and her assistants have worn the robot. However, no real-life experiment has ever been conducted outside the lab. Florence has been planning to try it out in her project plan but has not yet had a chance to do so. For New Year’s Eve, Florence has plans to visit her mother and sister, about 100 miles away. This was a good opportunity to show her mother and her sister what she has been working on in the last few months. So, she decides to take Catchmenot with her. She packs her car the evening before and on the morning of the trip, she passes by the lab to get her robot and put it in the car. She drives the 100 miles in a little under her usual time and arrives at her mother’s house earlier than usual”. “In the evening, Florence bids her mother good-bye and passes by her sister’s apartment as promised. At her sister’s apartment, she finds a few of her teen friends and they get right into a party mode. Florence drinks and dances and forgets about the time. There are many stories to tell and to listen to. About 1:00 a.m., after the midnight champagne toast, she decides to leave and drive back to her apartment. She had promised to accompany her friends to a pre-planned engagement. Although she is very drunk, and against her friend’s advice and insistence that she should not drive, Florence puts on Catchmenot and in a few minutes she is off. Thirty minutes later, she is cruising at 70 mph and she is also sound asleep. She is awakened by a squirrel running all over her car at about 5:00 a.m. She is parked by the roadside in front of her apartment complex. She has made it home safely. She has no idea when and where she passed out and what happened along the way. She will never know. Although she is surprised, confused, and feels guilty, she is happy how well Catchmenot has worked. She decides to market it. How much should she charge for it, she wonders”.

[Source: Kizza J.M. History of Computing. In: Ethical and Social Issues in the Information Age, 2010, Texts in Computer Science. Springer, London] Please answer the following questions:

1. As AI applications increase, such as in the use of robotics, will the wider use of these “manlike” machines compromise our moral values system? Why or why not? [2 Marks]

2. Discus the future of computer ethics in the integrated environment of Artificial Intelligence (A I), Virtual Reality (VR), and cyberspace. [3 Marks]

3. If anything went wrong during the ride home, would Florence be responsible? Who should be? What are the consequences? [3 Marks]

4. Discuss the ethical implications of Artificial Intelligence. [2 Marks]

SMITH FAMILY'S 2018 TAX SCENARIO

Joseph L. Smith (age 45, Social Security number 145-26-9210) and Rita M. Smith (age 43, Social Security number 142-46-5108) are husband and wife. They live at 1650 Belmont Avenue, Chicago, IL 60615. David is a self-employed CPA and Rita is a third grade teacher. They have two children: Blake (age 5, Social Security number 310-51-2108) and Amelia (age 3, Social Security number 314-62-8924).

In 2018, Joseph earned $182,000 and Rita earned $46,000. The Smith family has medical coverage through the school system for which Rita works. As an employee, Rita had $9,500 of federal tax withheld, $2,300 of IL state tax withheld, and the required Social Security and Medicare taxes.

Joseph has an office with business expenses for 2018 as follows:

The advertising expenses included local newspaper advertisements, digital marketing, and direct marketing flyers. The business gifts were $40 gift certificates given to his 10 largest clients in appreciation for their business.

Joseph purchased a 2017 Honda Civic in 2017. In 2018, he drove 24,000 business miles and 6,000 personal miles, and uses the standard mileage method for tax purposes.

In 2018, Joseph made estimated quarterly federal tax payments of $18,000/quarter and estimated quarterly IL state tax payments of $3,000. All the payments were made within calendar 2018. Joseph also contributed $8,000 to his SEP account.

Rita bought various supplies for her classroom, but did not closely track expenditures and thus only wants to take the allowed educator expenses deduction. Her teacher's license was also renewed in 2018 for $125.

Blake and Amelia are both in day care at the Riley Day Care Center at 1325 Lake Street, Chicago, IL 60612 (EIN 36-2875647). They are only in day care for 9 months of the year (weekly charge of $240.00/week), because Rita does not work during the summer.

In addition to the wages and expenses as detailed, the Smiths have the following documented income and expenses:

The Smiths itemized deductions in 2017. The federal tax refund was $3,500 and the IL state tax refund was $600.

In addition, the Smiths own rental property (a "two flat" in Chicago) which they have rented out for the entire year. Total rental income was $30,000. Rental property related expenses were as follows:

Compute the family's federal income tax for 2018 which includes completing the appropriate 2018 forms and schedules.

Shauna Coleman is single. She is employed as an architectural designer for Streamline Design (SD). Shauna wanted to determine her taxable income for this year. She correctly calculated her AGI. However, she wasn’t sure how to compute the rest of her taxable income. She provided the following information with hopes that you could use it to determine her taxable income.

1. Shauna paid $4,680 for medical expenses for care related to a broken ankle. Also, Shauna’s boyfriend, Blake, drove Shauna (in her car) a total of 115 miles to the doctor’s office so she could receive care for her broken ankle.
2. Shauna paid a total of $3,400 in health insurance premiums during the year (not through an exchange). SD did not reimburse any of this expense. Besides the health insurance premiums and the medical expenses for her broken ankle, Shauna had Lasik eye surgery last year and paid $3,000 for the surgery (she received no insurance reimbursement). She also incurred $450 of other medical expenses for the year.
3. SD withheld $1,800 of state income tax, $7,495 of Social Security tax, and $14,500 of federal income tax from Shauna’s paychecks throughout the year.
4. In 2019, Shauna was due a refund of $250 for overpaying her 2018 state taxes. On her 2018 state tax return that she filed in April of 2019, she applied the overpayment toward her 2019 state tax liability. She estimated that her state tax liability for 2019 will be $2,300.
5. Shauna paid $3,200 of property taxes on her personal residence. She also paid $500 to the developer of her subdivision, because he had to replace the sidewalk in certain areas of the subdivision.
6. Shauna paid a $200 property tax based on the state’s estimate of the value of her car.
7. Shauna has a home mortgage loan in the amount of $220,000 that she secured when she purchased her home. The home is worth about $400,000. Shauna paid interest of $12,300 on the loan this year.
8. Shauna made several charitable contributions throughout the year. She contributed stock in ZYX Corp. to the Red Cross. On the date of the contribution, the fair market value of the donated shares was $1,000 and her basis in the shares was $400. Shauna originally bought the ZYX Corp. stock in 2009. Shauna also contributed $300 cash to State University and religious artifacts she has held for several years to her church. The artifacts were valued at $500 and Shauna’s basis in the items was $300. Shauna had every reason to believe the church would keep them on display indefinitely. Shauna also drove 200 miles doing church-related errands for her minister. Finally, Shauna contributed $1,200 of services to her church last year.
9. Shauna paid $250 in investment advisory fees and another $150 to have her tax return prepared (that is, she paid $150 in 2019 to have her 2018 tax return prepared).
10. Shauna is involved in horse racing as a hobby. During the year, she won $2,500 in prize money and incurred $10,000 in expenses. She has never had a profitable year with her horse-racing activities, so she acknowledges that this is a hobby for federal income tax purposes.
11. Shauna sustained $2,000 in gambling losses over the year (mostly horse-racing bets) and had only $200 in winnings.

b. Assume Shauna’s AGI is $207,000. Determine Shauna’s taxable income.

SMITH FAMILY'S 2018 TAX SCENARIO Joseph L. Smith (age 45, Social Security number 145-26-9210) and Rita M. Smith (age 43, Social Security number 142-46-5108) are husband and wife. They live at 1650 Belmont Avenue, Chicago, IL 60615. David is a self-employed CPA and Rita is a third grade teacher. They have two children: Blake (age 5, Social Security number 310-51-2108) and Amelia (age 3, Social Security number 314-62-8924). In 2018, Joseph earned $182,000 and Rita earned $46,000. The Smith family has medical coverage through the school system for which Rita works. As an employee, Rita had $9,500 of federal tax withheld, $2,300 of IL state tax withheld, and the required Social Security and Medicare taxes. Joseph has an office with business expenses for 2018 as follows: Item Amount Office Rent $24,000 Office Supplies $8,000 Internet Charges $1,2000 Phone System Charges $4,800 Advertising Expenses $1,800 Postage Charges $1,500 Audit/Tax Software Charges $20,000 Business Gifts $400 The advertising expenses included local newspaper advertisements, digital marketing, and direct marketing flyers. The business gifts were $40 gift certificates given to his 10 largest clients in appreciation for their business. Joseph purchased a 2017 Honda Civic in 2017. In 2018, he drove 24,000 business miles and 6,000 personal miles, and uses the standard mileage method for tax purposes. In 2018, Joseph made estimated quarterly federal tax payments of $18,000/quarter and estimated quarterly IL state tax payments of $3,000. All the payments were made within calendar 2018. Joseph also contributed $8,000 to his SEP account. Rita bought various supplies for her classroom, but did not closely track expenditures and thus only wants to take the allowed educator expenses deduction. Her teacher's license was also renewed in 2018 for $125. Blake and Amelia are both in day care at the Riley Day Care Center at 1325 Lake Street, Chicago, IL 60612 (EIN 36-2875647). They are only in day care for 9 months of the year (weekly charge of $240.00/week), because Rita does not work during the summer. In addition to the wages and expenses as detailed, the Smiths have the following documented income and expenses: Item Amount Interest income from CDs $1,800 Interest Income from Series EE $4,000 Government Bonds Mortgage Interest on Principal Residence $15,000 Property taxes on Residence $8,000 PMI Insurance Payments $3,000 Cash Charitable Contributions $2,500 Non-Cash Contributions (Used Clothing to Salvation Army) $350 The Smiths itemized deductions in 2017. The federal tax refund was $3,500 and the IL state tax refund was $600. In addition, the Smiths own rental property (a "two flat" in Chicago) which they have rented out for the entire year. Total rental income was $30,000. Rental property related expenses were as follows: Item Amount Mortgage Interest on Rental Property $13,000 Property Tax $9,000 Repairs on Rental Units $2,6000 Depreciation on Rental Units (using SL Depreciation) $3,500 Utilities $3,000 Landscaping $500

Complete the depreciation schedules. Show all formulas and work. All information is provided but may not neccessarily be needed to comeplete the schedules.

Company A is a construction company and is a new audit client of your firm. It has never been audited but a different accounting firm performed a review engagement for y/e 31 Dec 2016. Your firm is auditing A’s financial statements for y/e 31 Dec 2017.

Company A is privately owned by the Jones family in Country X, using the X$ currency. The president, VP, secretary/treasurer, controller and various levels of managers are all family members.

All management employees who must travel to job sites (including 9 family members) are assigned company-owned cars for their personal use. The company has a total of 80 company cars. Employees have access to these cars at all times, and the cars do not need to be returned to the company parking yard except for periodic servicing.

The company also owns vans and trucks that are used by various company employees to transport equipment, supplies, labour, and material to and from job sites. These vehicles are stored at the company facilities when not in use and are never available for personal use.

The company also has a number of special-use heavy vehicles that are used at job sites and stored at the job site or in the parking yard of the company.

As part of the 2017 audit, you have been assigned the task of auditing fuel expense. The general ledger fuel expense account shows X$317,224. According to the client, the 2016 figure was X$375,542.

Your audit manager has asked you to perform some form of analytical procedure on fuel expense. Company A’s staff has gathered the following information for you:

Other information:
Cars and pickup trucks run on petrol, which has averaged $3.05/gallon during 2017. All other vehicles use diesel. You have determined the typical diesel price increases during 2017 as below.
* 1 person-day = 8 hours
** According to the construction foreman, these are in continual usage every day a job is in progress. The company has been extremely busy but crews do not work overtime or weekends

Required:

1. What is (are) the primary management assertion(s) related to fuel expense in this case?

2. What is your team’s $ value estimate for Company A’s fuel expense for 2017?

3. What is your conclusion – is the client’s fuel expense misstated (over/under-stated)? Why/why

not? Do you recommend a correcting journal entry be put through?

4. What further information would you need to assist you in arriving at a conclusion for

Requirement 2?

Iterative Linear Search, Recursive Binary Search, and Recursive Selection Sort

I need it in Java with comments and I need the input file to be placed with Scanner not BufferedReader Please help I need Class River Class CTRiver and Class Driver

Class River describes river’s name and its length in miles. It provides accessor methods (getters) for both variables, toString() method that returns String representation of the river, and method isLong() that returns true if river is above 30 miles long and returns false otherwise.

Class CTRivers describes collection of CT rivers. It has no data, and it provides the following service methods. None of the methods prints anything, except method printLongRiversRec, which prints all long rivers. Input parameter n in all methods is number of occupied elements in the list.

// Prints all long rivers in the list. Print them in same order as they were in the list . List can be

// empy or not.

• void printLongRiversRec(River[] list, int n)

// Returns index for the river object with given name. Returns -1 for unsuccessful search. List can

// be empy or not.

• int linearSearch(River[] list, int n, String name)

// Returns ArrayList of rivers with length between min and max inclusive. If no such river was found,

// method returns an empty Arraylist<River>. List can be empy or not.

• ArrayList <River> searchRange(River[] list, int n, int min, int max)

// Sorts list of rivers by comparing them by names. Apply selection sort recursively. List of rivers can be

// empy or nonempty. Empty list and list with one river only are sorted. Lists with two or more rivers are

// sorted by swapping last river in the list with river object that has name that is last in lexicographic order // in the array, and after that recursively sorting sublist of first n-1 rivers.

• void sortByNameRec(River[] list, int n)

// PRECONDITION: Method assumes that input list is sorted by names. First and last are indices of the first

// and last river of the current sublist. Method returns index of river object with given name or returns -1

// if none of the rivers has that name. List of rivers can be empy or not.

• int binarySearchRec(River[] list, int first, int last, String name)

The three methods highlighted in yellow must be implemented recursively.

File “input.txt”

Naugatuck   40

Pawcatuck   34

Quinebaug   69

Shepaug   26

Connecticut   407

Still   25

Quinnipiac   46

Housatoic 139

Class Driver has main method in it. Read data from the input file "input.txt" into an array of River objects, named riverList, and keep track of number of rivers stored in variable counter. Array riverList has capacity 100. Input file should be as shown. Program should work for any input file with up to 100 rivers in it.

• Print all long rivers.
• Apply one successful and one unsuccessful linear search.
• Print all rivers with length between min and max (min and max are provided by user). Must use for each loop in the main method to print resulting ArrayList<River> returned by method searchRange .
• Sort myList by river names, and print sorted list.
• Apply one successful and one unsuccessful binary search on sorted list.

Must print appropriate explanation in English of all steps performed in outcome.

SUBMIT:

• Copy of the code for each class and input file in separate rectangle.
• Picture of program run from BlueJ.
• Picture of UML diagram.

Suppose we wish to build a multiple regression model to predict the cost of rent (dollars) in a city based on population (thousands of people), and income (thousands of dollars). Use the alpha level of 0.05.

A. Is the whole regression model effective in predicting the cost of rent? Use alpha of 0.1. Make sure to show which values you use to make the decision.

B. Write down the multiple regression equation using actual names of IVs and DVs.

C. What is the value of the estimated intercept? Interpret the value in terms of rent (dollars) based on population (thousands of people), and income (thousands of dollars).

D. What is the values of the estimated slope for the variable “Income”? Interpret the value in terms of actual names of IVs and the DV.

E. What is the values of the estimated slope for the variable “Population”? Interpret the value in terms of actual names of IVs and the DV.

F. Does Income significantly influence the Rent at the alpha level of 0.01? Make sure to show which values you use to make the decision.

G. Does Population significantly influence the Rent at the alpha level of 0.01? Make sure to show which values you use to make the decision.

Data:

Be sure to 1) give the null and alternative hypotheses, 2) label which hypothesis is the claim, 3) Identify whether the test is left-tailed, right-tailed, or two-tailed, 4) name the test being used, 5) find the P-value for the sample, 6) state whether you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis, and 7) give the conclusion in the context of the problem.

3. A student at South Plains College claims that the average cost of textbook is more than $75 dollars. Test this student’s claim using a 0.05 level of significance. A random sample of 15 textbooks had an average price of $78.15 and a standard deviation of $8.80. (9 pts)

4. The health of the bear population in Yellowstone National Park is monitored by periodic measurements taken from anesthetized bears. A sample of 54 bears has a mean weight of 182.9 lbs and it has previously been found that the population standard deviation of bear weights is 81.8 lb. Use a 0.10 level of significance to test the claim that the population mean of all such bear weights is less than 200 lb. (9 pts)

5. It has been believed that one in four Americans (25%) relies on unconventional medicine. Test this claim using a 0.01 level of significance if a recent study reported in the New England Journal of Medicine found that in a random sample of 1,539 adults, 428 of them used some form of unconventional medicine. (9 pts)

6.   A medical researcher wishes to see whether the pulse rates of smokers are higher than the pulse rate of nonsmokers. Samples of 100 smokers and 100 nonsmokers are selected. The results are shown below. Using a level of significance of 0.05, test the claim that smokers have higher pulse rates than nonsmokers. (9 pts) Also, find the 90% confidence interval for the differences of the means. (3 pts)

       Smokers                                        Nonsmoker

x1 = 90 x2 = 88

s1 = 5 s2 = 6

n1 = 100 n2 = 100

The following table shows age distribution and location of a random sample of 166 buffalo in a national park.

Use a chi-square test to determine if age distribution and location are independent at the 0.05 level of significance.

(a) What is the level of significance?


State the null and alternate hypotheses.

H₀: Age distribution and location are independent.
H₁: Age distribution and location are not independent.H₀: Age distribution and location are not independent.
H₁: Age distribution and location are independent.    H₀: Age distribution and location are not independent.
H₁: Age distribution and location are not independent.H₀: Age distribution and location are independent.
H₁: Age distribution and location are independent.

(b) Find the value of the chi-square statistic for the sample. (Round the expected frequencies to at least three decimal places. Round the test statistic to three decimal places.)


Are all the expected frequencies greater than 5?

YesNo    

What sampling distribution will you use?

uniformbinomial    Student's tnormalchi-square

What are the degrees of freedom?


(c) Find or estimate the P-value of the sample test statistic. (Round your answer to three decimal places.)


(d) Based on your answers in parts (a) to (c), will you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis of independence?

Since the P-value > ?, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.Since the P-value > ?, we reject the null hypothesis.    Since the P-value ? ?, we reject the null hypothesis.Since the P-value ? ?, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

(e) Interpret your conclusion in the context of the application.

At the 5% level of significance, there is sufficient evidence to conclude that age distribution and location are not independent.At the 5% level of significance, there is insufficient evidence to conclude that age distribution and location are not