A substance whose state is pecified by P,V,T can exist in two distinct phases. At a given temp T the two phases can coexist if the pressure is P(T).

The following information is known about the two phases. At the temps and pressures where they can coexist in equilibrium,

i) There is no difference in the specific volume of the two phases

ii) there is no difference in the specific entropy of the two phases

iii) the specific heat cp and the volume expansion coefficient a(alpha) are diffrent for the two phases

a) Find dP(T)/dT as a fuction of T.

b) What is the qualitative shape of the transition region in the P-V diagram? In what way is it different from that of an ordinary gas-liquid transition? ( The phase transition we have described is a second-order transition.)

Consider a process in which one mole of

a monatomic ideal gas is compressed from

a volume of V1 =1.459m3 to V2 =1m3 at a

constant temperature of T =353.7 K.

(a) What is the entropy change of the gas (in

J/K units)?

(b) What is the change in the value of PV for

the gas (in J units)?

(c) What is the energy change of the gas (in J

units)?

(d) What is the enthalpy change of the gas

(in J units)?

(e) What is the Helmholtz energy change of the

gas (in J units)?

(f) What is the Gibbs energy change of the gas

(in J units)?

23. Perform a Legendre transform of U(S, V,Ni) in

order to obtain a new potential function whose

natural variables are S, P, and Ni (and make

sure to indicate the partial derivative that is

used in order to transform the variable V to P

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Part B

Will the concentration of Ni2+(aq) increase or decrease as the cell operates?

Will the concentration of increase or decrease as the cell operates?

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Part C

What is the initial concentration of Ag+(aq) in the Ag+−Ag half-cell?

Express your answer using one significant figure.

M

Hydrogen, acting as a van der Waals gas (EOS shown below), is compressed in an isothermal closed system process from 6.236m3/kg to 0.629m3/kg at 300K. What is the change in specific entropy of the gas? (use the entropy change relation in chapter 12)

P = RT/( v − b) − a/( v^2) (1)

a = 27R^2Tcrit^2/(64Pcrit) (2)

b = RTcrit/ (8Pcrit) (3)

Following example 12-7 in the book the change in internal energy of a van der Waals gas for an isothermal process can be derived (the result is shown below). Using the definition of boundary work (wb = R P dv) and conservation of energy what is the amount of heat which is rejected by the compression process?

u2 − u1 = a (1/v1 − 1/v2)

Which of the following is/are applicable to a contract which is deemed ‘void’ in a contractual
dispute?
(i) The injured party can choose to repudiate the contract.
(ii) The law would regard the contract as never having existed.
(iii) Where goods have transferred from party A to party B under the contract, B may retain
ownership of the goods.
(iv) Where goods have transferred from party A to party B under the contract, B must return
the goods to A.
(v) Where goods have transferred from party A to party B under the contract, and party B
has then transferred the goods to party C, C may retain ownership of the goods.

a. (i) and (iii) only.
b. (ii) and (iv) only.
c. (i), (iii) and (v) only.
d. All of the above.

True or False, explain your answer

a) Wave functions of identical bosons are completely symmetrical under permutations

b) Particle A has mass m and particle B has mass 100m. Both have the same kinetic energy

E. They are incident on an infinitely long potential step of magnitude V where V > E.

Particle B has a smaller probability of getting reflected than particle A.

c) A massive spin-3/2 particle can decay into a particle of spin-0 and a particle of spin-1/2.

d) A massive spin-1 particle can decay into a particle of spin-0 and a particle of spin-1/2.

e) The radial wave function of a hydrogen energy eigenstate with non-zero orbital angular momentum vanishes at the origin.

(THERMODYNAMICS) A vertical cylinder fitted with a frictionless piston contains 1.5 kg of H2O initially at 100 °C, 400 kPa.  If the volume of the system reaches 0.5 m3, the piston hits a set of stops and is restrained from further upward travel. The system is heated to 200 C. (Use saturated water tables, steam tables, and superheated tables as necessary)

a)   If the piston reaches the stops, determine the temperature and pressure when the piston first touches but exerts no force on the stops.  If the piston doesn’t reach the stops, find the final volume.  Clearly show how you determined whether or not the piston reaches the stops.

b)   Calculate the heat and work for the entire process.

c)   Show the entire process on a T-v and P-v diagram including the saturation curve.

1. In the U.S., what percentage of the energy used to generate electricity is lost to conversion efficiencies?
i. 20%
ii. 30%
iii. 40%
iv. 50%
v. 60%

2. What is wind turbine coefficient of performance?
i. The ratio of tip speed to incoming wind speed
ii. The ratio of AC to DC turbine power
iii. The ratio of power extracted by the turbine to the rated turbine power
iv. The ratio of the power extracted by the turbine to the power in the wind

3. What is the maximum wind turbine power that can be harvested using a wind turbine with a turbine radius = 0.2 m and wind speed = 3 m/s, air density = 1.23 kg/m3?
i. 0.23 W
ii. 0.41 W
iii. 0.70 W
iv. 0.82 W
v. 1.23 W

A closed and elevated vertical cylindrical tank with diameter 2.10 m contains water to a depth of 0.500 m . A worker accidently pokes a circular hole with diameter 0.0170 m in the bottom of the tank. As the water drains from the tank, compressed air above the water in the tank maintains a gauge pressure of 5.00×10³ Pa at the surface of the water. Ignore any effects of viscosity.

A)Just after the hole is made, what is the speed of the water as it emerges from the hole? (v=____)

B)What is the ratio of this speed to the efflux speed if the top of the tank is open to the air? (v/v_open=________)

C)How much time does it take for all the water to drain from the tank? (t=_______)

D)What is the ratio of this time to the time it takes for the tank to drain if the top of the tank is open to the air? (t/t_open=_______)

What is the final volume of each of the following diluted solutions?

A.8.0 % (m/v) H2SO4 solution prepared from 6.00 mL of a solution that is 19.0 % H2SO4

Express your answer in liters using two significant figures.

B.1.4 M HCl solution prepared from 11 mL of a solution that is 2.0 M HCl

Express your answer in liters using two significant figures.

C.1.0 M NaOH solution prepared from 60.0 mL of a solution that is 10.0 M NaOH

Express your answer in liters using two significant figures.

D.3.0 % (m/v) CaCl2 solution prepared from 20 mL of a solution that is 12.00 % CaCl2

Express your answer in liters using two significant figures.